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- Cuijpers, Pim, et al.
(författare)
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Is psychotherapy for depression equally effective in younger and older adults? A meta-regression analysis
- 2009
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Ingår i: International psychogeriatrics. - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 21:1, s. 16-24
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is well established that psychotherapy is effective in the treatment of depression in younger as well as in older adults. Whether these psychotherapies are equally effective in younger and older age groups has not been examined in meta-analytic research. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search and included 112 studies with 170 comparisons between a psychotherapy and a control group (with a total of 7,845 participants). Twenty studies with 26 comparisons were aimed at older adults. Results: We found no indication that psychotherapies were more or less effective for older adults compared to younger adults. The effect sizes of both groups of comparisons did not differ significantly from each other (older adults: d = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.49 similar to 0.99; younger adults: d = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.58 similar to 0.76). In a multivariate metaregression analysis, in which we controlled for major characteristics of the participants, the interventions and the study designs, no indication of a difference between psychotherapy in younger and older adults was found. Conclusions: There appears to be no significant difference between psychotherapy in younger and older adults, although it is not clear whether this is also true for clinical samples, patients with more severe depression, and the older old.
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| 2. |
- Koning, Ina M., et al.
(författare)
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Preventing Heavy Alcohol Use in Adolescents (PAS) : Cluster Randomized Trial of a Parent and Student Intervention offered Separately and Simultaneously
- 2009
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Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 104:10, s. 1669-1678
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of two preventive interventions to reduce heavy drinking in first- and second-year high school students.Design and setting: Cluster randomized controlled trial using four conditions for comparing two active interventions with a control group from 152 classes of 19 high schools in the Netherlands.Participants: A total of 3490 first-year high school students (mean 12.68 years, SD = 0.51) and their parents.Intervention conditions: (i) Parent intervention (modelled on the Swedish Örebro Prevention Program) aimed at encouraging parental rule-setting concerning their children's alcohol consumption; (ii) student intervention consisting of four digital lessons based on the principles of the theory of planned behaviour and social cognitive theory; (iii) interventions 1 and 2 combined; and (iv) the regular curriculum as control condition.Main outcome measures: Incidence of (heavy) weekly alcohol use and frequency of monthly drinking at 10 and 22 months after baseline measurement.Findings: A total of 2937 students were eligible for analyses in this study. At first follow-up, only the combined student–parent intervention showed substantial and statistically significant effects on heavy weekly drinking, weekly drinking and frequency of drinking. At second follow-up these results were replicated, except for the effects of the combined intervention on heavy weekly drinking. These findings were consistent across intention-to-treat and completers-only analyses.Conclusions: Results suggest that adolescents as well as their parents should be targeted in order to delay the onset of drinking, preferably prior to onset of weekly drinking.
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