| 1. |
- Murari, A., et al.
(författare)
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A control oriented strategy of disruption prediction to avoid the configuration collapse of tokamak reactors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 15:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of thermonuclear fusion consists of producing electricity from the coalescence of light nuclei in high temperature plasmas. The most promising route to fusion envisages the confinement of such plasmas with magnetic fields, whose most studied configuration is the tokamak. Disruptions are catastrophic collapses affecting all tokamak devices and one of the main potential showstoppers on the route to a commercial reactor. In this work we report how, deploying innovative analysis methods on thousands of JET experiments covering the isotopic compositions from hydrogen to full tritium and including the major D-T campaign, the nature of the various forms of collapse is investigated in all phases of the discharges. An original approach to proximity detection has been developed, which allows determining both the probability of and the time interval remaining before an incoming disruption, with adaptive, from scratch, real time compatible techniques. The results indicate that physics based prediction and control tools can be developed, to deploy realistic strategies of disruption avoidance and prevention, meeting the requirements of the next generation of devices.
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| 2. |
- Akiyama, Kazunori, et al.
(författare)
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The persistent shadow of the supermassive black hole of M 87: I. Observations, calibration, imaging, and analysis*
- 2024
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 681
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In April 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration reported the first-ever event-horizon-scale images of a black hole, resolving the central compact radio source in the giant elliptical galaxy M 87. These images reveal a ring with a southerly brightness distribution and a diameter of ∼42 μas, consistent with the predicted size and shape of a shadow produced by the gravitationally lensed emission around a supermassive black hole. These results were obtained as part of the April 2017 EHT observation campaign, using a global very long baseline interferometric radio array operating at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. Here, we present results based on the second EHT observing campaign, taking place in April 2018 with an improved array, wider frequency coverage, and increased bandwidth. In particular, the additional baselines provided by the Greenland telescope improved the coverage of the array. Multiyear EHT observations provide independent snapshots of the horizon-scale emission, allowing us to confirm the persistence, size, and shape of the black hole shadow, and constrain the intrinsic structural variability of the accretion flow. We have confirmed the presence of an asymmetric ring structure, brighter in the southwest, with a median diameter of 43.3-3.1+1.5 μas. The diameter of the 2018 ring is remarkably consistent with the diameter obtained from the previous 2017 observations. On the other hand, the position angle of the brightness asymmetry in 2018 is shifted by about 30 relative to 2017. The perennial persistence of the ring and its diameter robustly support the interpretation that the ring is formed by lensed emission surrounding a Kerr black hole with a mass ∼6.5× 109M. The significant change in the ring brightness asymmetry implies a spin axis that is more consistent with the position angle of the large-scale jet.
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| 3. |
- Schmied, C., et al.
(författare)
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Community-developed checklists for publishing images and image analyses
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature Methods. - 1548-7091 .- 1548-7105. ; 21:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Images document scientific discoveries and are prevalent in modern biomedical research. Microscopy imaging in particular is currently undergoing rapid technological advancements. However, for scientists wishing to publish obtained images and image-analysis results, there are currently no unified guidelines for best practices. Consequently, microscopy images and image data in publications may be unclear or difficult to interpret. Here, we present community-developed checklists for preparing light microscopy images and describing image analyses for publications. These checklists offer authors, readers and publishers key recommendations for image formatting and annotation, color selection, data availability and reporting image-analysis workflows. The goal of our guidelines is to increase the clarity and reproducibility of image figures and thereby to heighten the quality and explanatory power of microscopy data. Community-developed checklists offer best-practice guidance for biologists preparing light microscopy images and describing image analyses for publications.
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| 4. |
- Nunes, Sílvia C., et al.
(författare)
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Corrigendum: Leaf surfaces and neolithization - the case of Arundo donax L(Front. Plant Sci., (2022), 13, (999252), 10.3389/fpls.2022.999252)
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the published article, there was an error in the Acknowledgments statement regarding CQ-VR. The section previously stated: “This research was funded by National Funds from Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and FEDER through POCI-COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I-Strengthening research, technological development and innovation (UID/QUI/00616/2013 and UID/QUI/00616/2019 to CQ-VR, UIDB/04033/2020 to CITAB, UIDB/00195/2020 to FibEnTech and UID/QUI/50006/2020 to LAQV/Requimte) and by the project PORPLANTSURF - Superhydrophobic films inspired by the surface of plant leaves and petals from Northern Portugal (POCI-01−0145-FEDER-029785), financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through COMPETE 2020-Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI) and FCT. SN acknowledges FCT for Assistant Research contract (2020-00805.CEEIND) in scope of Scientific Employment Stimulus. The authors acknowledge to Patrick Joel Pais for the preparation of the fresh leaf for SEM analysis. PN acknowledges CQ-VR/FCT for a PhD grant (UI/BD/151084/2021). AR and SA acknowledge partial support from the Swedish Energy Agency (grant no. 49227-1). MF acknowledges FCT-UTAD for the contract in the scope of Decreto-Lei 57/2016−Lei 57/2017.” The corrected statement appears below: “This research was funded by National Funds from Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) and FEDER through POCI-COMPETE 2020-Operational Programme Competitiveness and Internationalization in Axis I-Strengthening research, technological development and innovation (UIDB/00616/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/00616/2020) and UIDP/00616/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/00616/2020) to CQ-VR, UIDB/04033/2020 to CITAB, UIDB/00195/2020 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/00195/2020) to FibEnTech and UID/QUI/50006/2020 to LAQV/Requimte) and by the project PORPLANTSURF - Superhydrophobic films inspired by the surface of plant leaves and petals from Northern Portugal (POCI-01−0145-FEDER-029785), financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through COMPETE 2020-Operational Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI) and FCT. SN acknowledges FCT for the Assistant Research contract (2020-00805.CEEIND, https://doi.org/10.54499/2020.00805.CEECIND/CP1625/CT0001) in the scope of the Scientific Employment Stimulus. The authors acknowledge Patrick Joel Pais for the preparation of the fresh leaf for SEM analysis. PN acknowledges CQ-VR/FCT for a PhD grant (UI/BD/151084/2021). AR and SA acknowledge partial support from the Swedish Energy Agency (grant no. 49227-1). MF acknowledges FCT-UTAD for the contract in the scope of Decreto-Lei 57/2016−Lei 57/2017”. The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
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| 5. |
- Patke, Rodhan, et al.
(författare)
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Epitranscriptomic mechanisms of androgen signalling and prostate cancer
- 2024
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Ingår i: Neoplasia. - : Elsevier. - 1522-8002 .- 1476-5586. ; 56
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men. While radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy are often successful in treating localised disease, post-treatment recurrence is common. As the androgen receptor (AR) and androgen hormones play an essential role in prostate carcinogenesis and progression, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is often used to deprive PCa cells of the pro-proliferative effect of androgens. ADTs act by either blocking androgen biosynthesis (e.g. abiraterone) or blocking AR function (e.g. bicalutamide, enzalutamide, apalutamide, darolutamide). ADT is often effective in initially suppressing PCa growth and progression, yet emergence of castrate-resistant PCa and progression to neuroendocrine-like PCa following ADT are major clinical challenges. For this reason, there is an urgent need to identify novel approaches to modulate androgen signalling to impede PCa progression whilst also preventing or delaying therapy resistance. The mechanistic convergence of androgen and epitranscriptomic signalling offers a potential novel approach to treat PCa. The epitranscriptome involves covalent modifications of mRNA, notably, in the context of this review, the N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. m6A is involved in the regulation of mRNA splicing, stability, and translation, and has recently been shown to play a role in PCa and androgen signalling. The m6A modification is dynamically regulated by the METTL3-containing methyltransferase complex, and the FTO and ALKBH5 RNA demethylases. Given the need for novel approaches to treat PCa, there is significant interest in new therapies that target m6A that modulate AR expression and androgen signalling. This review critically summarises the potential benefit of such epitranscriptomic therapies for PCa patients.
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