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| 2. |
- Dawson, K. S., et al.
(författare)
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An Intensive Hubble Space Telescope Survey for z>1 Type Ia Supernovae by Targeting Galaxy Clusters
- 2009
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Ingår i: Astronomical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-6256 .- 1538-3881. ; 138, s. 1271-1283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new survey strategy to discover and study high-redshift Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). By targeting massive galaxy clusters at 0.9 < z < 1.5, we obtain a twofold improvement in the efficiency of finding SNe compared to an HST field survey and a factor of 3 improvement in the total yield of SN detections in relatively dust-free red-sequence galaxies. In total, sixteen SNe were discovered at z>0.95, nine of which were in galaxy clusters. This strategy provides an SN sample that can be used to decouple the effects of host-galaxy extinction and intrinsic color in high-redshift SNe, thereby reducing one of the largest systematic uncertainties in SN cosmology. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope and obtained from the data archive at the Space Telescope Institute. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. under the NASA contract NAS 5-26555. The observations are associated with program 10496.
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| 4. |
- Dubbaka Venu, Pradeep Reddy, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Oocyte-specific deletion of Pten causes premature activation of the primordial follicle pool
- 2008
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 319:5863, s. 611-613
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the mammalian ovary, progressive activation of primordial follicles from the dormant pool serves as the source of fertilizable ova. Menopause, or the end of female reproductive life, occurs when the primordial follicle pool is exhausted. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying follicle activation are poorly understood. We provide genetic evidence that in mice lacking PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) in oocytes, a major negative regulator of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), the entire primordial follicle pool becomes activated. Subsequently, all primordial follicles become depleted in early adulthood, causing premature ovarian failure (POF). Our results show that the mammalian oocyte serves as the headquarters of programming of follicle activation and that the oocyte PTEN-PI3K pathway governs follicle activation through control of initiation of oocyte growth.
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- Holmgren, Jan, 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Mucosal adjuvants and anti-infection and anti-immunopathology vaccines based on cholera toxin, cholera toxin B subunit and CpG DNA
- 2005
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Ingår i: Immunology Letters. - : Elsevier. - 0165-2478 .- 1879-0542. ; 97:2, s. 181-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mucosal immunisation may be used both to protect the mucosal surfaces against infections and as a means for immunological treatment of peripheral immunopathological disorders through the induction of systemic antigen-specific tolerance ('oral tolerance'). The development of mucosal vaccines, whether for prevention of infectious diseases or for oral tolerance immunotherapy, requires efficient antigen delivery and adjuvant systems that can help to present the appropriate vaccine or immunotherapy antigens to the mucosal immune system. The most potent (but also toxic) mucosal adjuvants are cholera toxin (CT) and the closely related Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), and much effort and significant progress have been made recently to generate toxicologically acceptable derivatives of these toxins with retained adjuvant activity. Among these are the non-toxic, recombinantly produced cholera toxin B-subunit (CTB). CTB is a specific protective antigen component of a widely registered oral cholera vaccine as well as a promising vector for either giving rise to mucosal anti-infective immunity or for inducing peripheral anti-inflammatory tolerance to chemically or genetically linked foreign antigens administered mucosally. CT and CTB have also recently been used as combined vectors and adjuvants for markedly promoting ex vivo dendritic cell (DC) vaccination with different antigens and also steering the immune response to the in vivo-reinfused DCs towards either broad Th1 + Th2 + CTL immunity (CT) or Th2 or tolerance (CTB). Another type of mucosal adjuvants is represented by bacterial DNA or synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG-motifs, which especially when linked to CTB have been found to effectively stimulate both innate and adaptive mucosal immune responses. The properties and clinical potential of these different classes of adjuvants are being discussed. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Orrú, Valeria, et al.
(författare)
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A loss-of-function variant of PTPN22 is associated with reduced risk of systemic lupus erythematosus
- 2009
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 18:3, s. 569-579
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A gain-of-function R620W polymorphism in the PTPN22 gene, encoding the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase LYP, has recently emerged as an important risk factor for human autoimmunity. Here we report that another missense substitution (R263Q) within the catalytic domain of LYP leads to reduced phosphatase activity. High-resolution structural analysis revealed the molecular basis for this loss of function. Furthermore, the Q263 variant conferred protection against human systemic lupus erythematosus, reinforcing the proposal that inhibition of LYP activity could be beneficial in human autoimmunity.
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