| 1. |
- Engert, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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The European Hematology Association Roadmap for European Hematology Research : a consensus document
- 2016
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Ingår i: Haematologica. - Pavia, Italy : Ferrata Storti Foundation (Haematologica). - 0390-6078 .- 1592-8721. ; 101:2, s. 115-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The European Hematology Association (EHA) Roadmap for European Hematology Research highlights major achievements in diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders and identifies the greatest unmet clinical and scientific needs in those areas to enable better funded, more focused European hematology research. Initiated by the EHA, around 300 experts contributed to the consensus document, which will help European policy makers, research funders, research organizations, researchers, and patient groups make better informed decisions on hematology research. It also aims to raise public awareness of the burden of blood disorders on European society, which purely in economic terms is estimated at (sic)23 billion per year, a level of cost that is not matched in current European hematology research funding. In recent decades, hematology research has improved our fundamental understanding of the biology of blood disorders, and has improved diagnostics and treatments, sometimes in revolutionary ways. This progress highlights the potential of focused basic research programs such as this EHA Roadmap. The EHA Roadmap identifies nine 'sections' in hematology: normal hematopoiesis, malignant lymphoid and myeloid diseases, anemias and related diseases, platelet disorders, blood coagulation and hemostatic disorders, transfusion medicine, infections in hematology, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These sections span 60 smaller groups of diseases or disorders. The EHA Roadmap identifies priorities and needs across the field of hematology, including those to develop targeted therapies based on genomic profiling and chemical biology, to eradicate minimal residual malignant disease, and to develop cellular immunotherapies, combination treatments, gene therapies, hematopoietic stem cell treatments, and treatments that are better tolerated by elderly patients.
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| 2. |
- Frantz, Laurent A. F., et al.
(författare)
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Ancient pigs reveal a near-complete genomic turnover following their introduction to Europe
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 116:35, s. 17231-17238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by similar to 10,500 y before the present ( BP) in the Near East, and mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) suggests that pigs arrived in Europe alongside farmers similar to 8,500 y BP. A few thousand years after the introduction of Near Eastern pigs into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared and was replaced by haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for by substantial gene flow from local European wild boars, although it is also possible that European wild boars were domesticated independently without any genetic contribution from the Near East. To test these hypotheses, we obtained mtDNA sequences from 2,099 modern and ancient pig samples and 63 nuclear ancient genomes from Near Eastern and European pigs. Our analyses revealed that European domestic pigs dating from 7,100 to 6,000 y BP possessed both Near Eastern and European nuclear ancestry, while later pigs possessed no more than 4% Near Eastern ancestry, indicating that gene flow from European wild boars resulted in a near-complete disappearance of Near East ancestry. In addition, we demonstrate that a variant at a locus encoding black coat color likely originated in the Near East and persisted in European pigs. Altogether, our results indicate that while pigs were not independently domesticated in Europe, the vast majority of human-mediated selection over the past 5,000 y focused on the genomic fraction derived from the European wild boars, and not on the fraction that was selected by early Neolithic farmers over the first 2,500 y of the domestication process.
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| 5. |
- Kalman, Janos L, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating polygenic burden in age at disease onset in bipolar disorder: Findings from an international multicentric study.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bipolar disorders. - : Wiley. - 1399-5618 .- 1398-5647. ; 21:1, s. 68-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) with early disease onset is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome and constitutes a clinically and biologically homogenous subgroup within the heterogeneous BD spectrum. Previous studies have found an accumulation of early age at onset (AAO) in BD families and have therefore hypothesized that there is a larger genetic contribution to the early-onset cases than to late onset BD. To investigate the genetic background of this subphenotype, we evaluated whether an increased polygenic burden of BD- and schizophrenia (SCZ)-associated risk variants is associated with an earlier AAO in BD patients.A total of 1995 BD type 1 patients from the Consortium of Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen), PsyCourse and Bonn-Mannheim samples were genotyped and their BD and SCZ polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were calculated using the summary statistics of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium as a training data set. AAO was either separated into onset groups of clinical interest (childhood and adolescence [≤18years] vs adulthood [>18years]) or considered as a continuous measure. The associations between BD- and SCZ-PRSs and AAO were evaluated with regression models.BD- and SCZ-PRSs were not significantly associated with age at disease onset. Results remained the same when analyses were stratified by site of recruitment.The current study is the largest conducted so far to investigate the association between the cumulative BD and SCZ polygenic risk and AAO in BD patients. The reported negative results suggest that such a polygenic influence, if there is any, is not large, and highlight the importance of conducting further, larger scale studies to obtain more information on the genetic architecture of this clinically relevant phenotype.
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| 6. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Lamei, Sepideh, et al.
(författare)
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The secretome of honey bee-specific lactic acid bacteria inhibits Paenibacillus larvae growth
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Apicultural Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0021-8839 .- 2078-6913. ; 58:3, s. 405-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- American Foulbrood (AFB) is a particularly pernicious bacterial disease of honey bees due to the extreme persistence of endospores of the causative agent Paenibacillus larvae. These spores are resistant to harsh environmental conditions, unaffected by antimicrobial agents and can remain viable for decades. The germination of the endospore in the larval midgut is the crucial first step leading to infection, followed by vegetative growth, tissue invasion and disease, culminating in spore formation when the host´s nutrients have been exhausted. Therefore, inhibiting spore germination or impeding early vegetative growth would be a highly effective strategy for limiting the impact of AFB. We previously showed that honey bee-specific lactic acid bacteria (hbs–LAB) had a major inhibitory effect on P. larvae both in culture and in larval bioassays. The present study documents the progress towards characterization of compounds, processes and interactions between P. larvae and the hbs–LAB responsible for this inhibitory effect. Firstly, we used an agar diffusion assay and larval infection bioassay to show that most, if not all, of the inhibitory effect was associated with the extracellular fraction (secretome). Secondly, we employed a turbidimetric growth assay to demonstrate that the hbs–LAB secretome strongly inhibited P. larvae vegetative growth, however, probably not by reducing spore germination. The inhibition was similarly effective against both major P. larvae genotypes (ERIC-I and II) in all experiments. The implications of our results for characterization of the secretome and for the management and treatment of AFB and P. larvae are further discussed.
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| 8. |
- Puentes, Adriana, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Review on the Effects of Plant-Feeding by Omnivorous Arthropods: Time to Catch-Up With the Mirid-Tomato Bias?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zoophytophagous (omnivorous) predators provide valuable pest control services, and offer an advantage over strict carnivores as plant-feeding enables survival during prey shortage. This putative advantage can potentially be their downside, as plant-feeding may entail damage that negatively affects plant growth/yield (i.e., the cost arising from of omnivore plant-feeding). Yet, benefits conferred by predatory services are usually thought to counterbalance any impact of plant damage. In this systematic review, our goal was to determine how often levels of omnivore damage and its consequences for plants (costs) are considered or quantified. We provide a synthesis of publication trends and findings on omnivore plant-feeding levels, plant injury variables, actual (if quantified) and potential effects on growth/yield, the type of study (lab, greenhouse) and the plants/omnivores most often examined. Our search revealed that measures of omnivore plant-feeding are occasionally reported, but seldom are the direct consequences of such damage also considered. Omnivore plant-feeding were reported in 57% of studies (53 of 93 full-text examined); within these, the majority (>80%) indicated moderate to high levels of plant-feeding. However, only 22% of reports (15 of 69) quantified the effects of omnivore-inflicted damage on plant performance. Of these 15 reports, a greater number found negative consequences for plants compared to those showing no effect (8 vs. 4; 3 with both), with consequences for yield relative to growth being more often evaluated (6 vs. 2). Overall, fruit/leaf injuries relative to stem/flower-feeding were most often examined, and lab/greenhouse experiments predominated. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and the mirid Nesidiocoris tenuis were the most common species studied (34 and 14 reports, respectively). Our results indicate that costs to plants of omnivore-inflicted damage are often neglected. We argue that predatory benefits need to be simultaneously considered with plant-feeding effects to appropriately evaluate pest control services. Publication trends suggest that more studies are evaluating costs to plants, but a paradigm shift is still needed. Furthermore, we found that our understanding of plant-feeding and its effects is disproportionally based on studies examining tomato plants and its omnivorous biocontrol agents. To confirm the generality of findings thus far, other plant omnivore systems should be further considered.
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| 9. |
- Rodrigues De Miranda, Joachim, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of a Novel RNA Virus Discovered in the Autumnal Moth Epirrita autumnata in Sweden
- 2017
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Ingår i: Viruses. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel, 10 kb RNA virus-tentatively named 'Abisko virus'-was discovered in the transcriptome data of a diseased autumnal moth (Epirrita autumnata) larva, as part of a search for the possible causes of the cyclical nature and mortality associated with geometrid moth dynamics and outbreaks in northern Fennoscandia. Abisko virus has a genome organization similar to that of the insect-infecting negeviruses, but phylogenetic and compositional bias analyses also reveal strong affiliations with plant-infecting viruses, such that both the primary host origin and taxonomic identity of the virus remain in doubt. In an extensive set of larval, pupal, and adult autumnal moth and winter moth (Operophtera brumata) outbreak samples, the virus was only detected in a few adult E. autumnata moths as well as the single larval transcriptome. The Abisko virus is therefore unlikely to be a factor in the Fennoscandia geometrid population dynamics.
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| 10. |
- Stephan, Jörg
(författare)
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Behavioural mechanisms behind aggregation in a tritrophic perspective
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gregarious organisms need to handle the trade-off between positive effects of group living and increasing food competition. The gregarious Phratora vulgatissima, a specialist leaf beetle on willow in Europe and Asia, frequently reaches outbreak densities in natural stands and short rotation coppices. Outbreaks threaten the yield and plantations therefore rely on omnivorous predators as biocontrol agents, like Anthocoris nemorum and Orthotylus marginalis. I aimed to elucidate behavioural mechanisms of the beetle and the predators to understand how and why species aggregate. The beetle’s aggregation behaviour was studied by looking at key reproductive traits like oviposition rate, clutch size, and oviposition site choice on willow shoots. Both predators were characterized further by examining where on the vertical shoot they preferentially hunt for the beetle’s eggs and how the quality of alternative food (different plant genotypes) alters their effects on the beetle. I so revealed how the reproduction of the beetle is modulated by lateral (conspecific density), bottom-up (plant genotypes), and top-down (omnivorous predators) effects. To lower exploitative competition among larvae females increase the distances between clutches on a plant and lower their oviposition rate if too many, or too few (too few confirmations of own decision) conspecifics visited a shoot. Observed bottom-up effects include lowering clutch size and number of eggs on a shoot with plant genotype unsuitability, initially selecting large leaves for oviposition/feeding, and increasing clutch distances due to larger leaf area of a willow genotype. Three top-down effects in form of predator avoidance behaviours were observed. Females lowered median clutch size and oviposition rate leading to fewer eggs in presence of the predators/their combination. Females also preferentially feed in the shoot canopy but oviposit in the lower part. In combination with the observation that both predators show contrasting vertical preferences on the shoot I argue that females try to avoid the area were the predators are consuming more eggs. In general I contributed to the ecological concept of habitat domain, attack-abatement, clutch size, cognitive maps, and nonconsumptive effects. I hope the results facilitate our understanding of insect outbreaks and species aggregation, possibly leading to better control of those in economic relevant systems.
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