| 1. |
- Hagberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic retail research : An introduction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nordic Retail Research: Emerging Diversity. - : BAS Publishers. - 9789172463110 ; , s. 19-32
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A presentation of retailing in the Nordic countries together with an introduction to the anthology and the co-authors.
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| 2. |
- Hagberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Digitalization of retailing : Beyond e-commerce
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ”Digitalization” is one of the greatest transformation of contemporary society. The on-going changes due to digitalization are not least important in the retail sector, which both affects and is affected by the development. The Internet’s entry has resulted in new business opportunities (e.g. Quelch & Klein, 1996), new companies (e.g. Mols, 2000), business models (e.g. Sorescu et al., 2011) and forms of commerce (e.g. Gloor, 2000). So far in retailing, digitalization and the Internet has primarily been discussed in terms of an increased presence of e-commerce. However, the Internet is becoming more and more integrated in all forms of retailing and the impact of digitalization goes far beyond the phenomena of e-commerce. The transformation of previously physical products into digital services, the use of digital devices in various steps of the purchasing process as well as consumer recommendations and communications through social media are all examples of much broader and vigorous impacts. In recent years the increasing use of digital mobile devices with Internet has started to transform consumer practices in general including shopping behaviour. New consumer products with mobile Internet are launched at a rapid pace and variety of mobile products and technologies are becoming interlinked (see e.g. Cochoy, 2012). With these mobile devices Internet is also increasingly becoming an element in physical stores (Bodhani 2012). Information retrieval, testing, ordering, payment and service and be done in different channels, and new retail formats such as pop-up stores (Kim et al 2010), click-and-drive (Colla & Lapule, 2012) and others are developed as we speak. New apps are developed for payments (e.g. iZettle), price comparisons (e.g. Pricerunner) or product information (e.g. Good Guide). This broader development will probably have far-reaching effects for retailers, consumers, employees, and suppliers. There is a great need for knowledge about this transformation and its effects (Grewal & Levy, 2009; Doherty & Ellis-Chadwick, 2010; Hagberg et al, 2012). While research on e-commerce is vast and has been extensive already from the outset (e.g. Alba et al., 1997; Burke, 1997; Reynolds, 2000; Bakos, 2001; Burt & Sparks, 2003), retailing research has so far largely ignored the more all-encompassing transformations of digitalization. While scholars have recognized the relevance of the Internet for physical stores, retail formats, apps and so on, there is a paucity of studies that has systematically analyzed the implications of these developments for retailing. Such analysis is central given the potentially far-reaching effects that digitalization could have in the retail industry. Thus, the need to develop a framework that could be used to problematize the consequences of digitization in a retail context is clear. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how retailing is transformed due to digitalization and to develop research propositions on the consequences of these transformations. This paper analyses the digitalization of retailing starting from the retailer-consumer exchange interface, and more specifically along three various facets of exchange: communication, transaction and distribution (Peterson et al., 1997). Communication concerns the access to and exchange of information. Transactions concern the transfer of ownership including monetary transactions, and the actual purchase. Distribution refers to the physical and tangible exchanges of products. In turn, these three facets of exchange are broken down into subcategories, which are further developed with examples from Swedish retailing in order to provide a more detailed understanding of how digitalization transforms retailing in various areas. Conseque4nces are identified and research proposals are developed based on three different “levels” of retailing; micro, meso, and macro, reaching from individual retail employees to societal changes. Among key consequences it is pointed out that digital literacy and skills in the workplace will be a key challenge while also calling for novel forms of knowledge transfer among employees; that the transformations will put pressure on retailers to modify and develop new business models that take challenges and opportunities of digitalization into account; and that it will affect retailers ability to be cost-effective, sustainable and attractive to consumers. In addition to transforming retailing in several ways, the changes imposed by the digitalization may also have consequences for the role retailing will play in society.
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| 3. |
- Herlitz, Johan, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Early identification and delay to treatment in myocardial infarction and stroke: differences and similarities.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1757-7241. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The two major complications of atherosclerosis are acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute ischemic stroke. Both are life-threatening conditions characterised by the abrupt cessation of blood flow to respective organs, resulting in an infarction. Depending on the extent of the infarction, loss of organ function varies considerably. In both conditions, it is possible to limit the extent of infarction with early intervention. In both conditions, minutes count. This article aims to describe differences and similarities with regard to the way patients, bystanders and health care providers act in the acute phase of the two diseases with the emphasis on the pre-hospital phase.
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| 4. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Is pre-hospital treatment of chest pain optimal in acute coronary syndrome? Both relief of pain and anxiety are needed
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 149:2, s. 147-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Many patients who suffer from acute chest pain are transported by ambulance. It is not known how often treatment prior to hospital admission is optimal and how optimal pain-relieving treatment is defined. It is often difficult to delineate pain from anxiety. Aim To describe various aspects of chest pain in the pre-hospital setting with the emphasis on a) treatment and b) presumed acute coronary syndrome. Methods In the literature search, we used PubMed and the appropriate key words. We included randomised clinical trials and observational studies. Results Four types of drug appear to be preferred: 1) narcotic analgesics, 2) nitrates, 3) beta-blockers and 4) benzodiazepines. Among narcotic analgesics, morphine has been associated with the relief of pain at the expense of side-effects. Alfentanil was reported to produce more rapid pain relief. Nitrates have been associated with the relief of pain with few side-effects. Beta-blockers have been reported to increase the relief of pain when added to morphine. The combination of beta-blockers and morphine has been reported to be as effective as beta-blockers alone in pain relief, but this combination therapy was associated with more side-effects. Experience from anxiety-relieving drugs such as benzodiazepines is limited. It is not known how these 4 drugs should be combined. The results indicate that various pain-relieving treatments might modify the disease. Conclusion Our knowledge of the optimal treatment of chest pain and associated anxiety in the pre-hospital setting is insufficient. Recommendations from existing guidelines are limited. Large randomised clinical trials are warranted.
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| 5. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Suspicion and treatment of severe sepsis : An overview of the prehospital chain of care
- 2012
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine. - : BioMed Central. - 1757-7241. ; 20:42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSepsis is a life-threatening condition where the risk of death has been reported to be even higher than that associated with the major complications of atherosclerosis, i.e. myocardial infarction and stroke. In all three conditions, early treatment could limit organ dysfunction and thereby improve the prognosis.AimTo describe what has been published in the literature a/ with regard to the association between delay until start of treatment and outcome in sepsis with the emphasis on the pre-hospital phase and b/ to present published data and the opportunity to improve various links in the pre-hospital chain of care in sepsis.MethodsA literature search was performed on the PubMed, Embase (Ovid SP) and Cochrane Library databases.ResultsIn overall terms, we found a small number of articles (n=12 of 1,162 unique hits) which addressed the prehospital phase. For each hour of delay until the start of antibiotics, the prognosis appeared to become worse. However, there was no evidence that prehospital treatment improved the prognosis.Studies indicated that about half of the patients with severe sepsis used the emergency medical service (EMS) for transport to hospital. Patients who used the EMS experienced a shorter delay to treatment with antibiotics and the start of early goal-directed therapy (EGDT). Among EMS-transported patients, those in whom the EMS staff already suspected sepsis at the scene had a shorter delay to treatment with antibiotics and the start of EGDT.There are insufficient data on other links in the prehospital chain of care, i.e. patients, bystanders and dispatchers.ConclusionSevere sepsis is a life-threatening condition. Previous studies suggest that, with every hour of delay until the start of antibiotics, the prognosis deteriorates. About half of the patients use the EMS. We need to know more about the present situation with regard to the different links in the prehospital chain of care in sepsis.
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| 8. |
- Sundström, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging marketing theory and practice for consumer behaviour Master's students : A case study from Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Industry & higher education. - : IP Publishing. - 0950-4222 .- 2043-6858. ; 24:5, s. 377-380
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the planning, implementation and outcome of a graduate-level consumer behaviour course taught in autumn 2008 at the University of Borås in Sweden. The course was jointly developed by marketing academics and business representatives in order to combine research-oriented studies with practical experience in a retail context. The perspectives of the lecturers, students and business representatives are considered in reviewing the benefits and drawbacks of this form of pedagogy. The findings indicate that the collaboration proved valuable to all parties and that the model could usefully be used with other marketing courses.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Wireklint Sundström, Birgitta, et al.
(författare)
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Anxiolytics in patients suffering a suspected acute coronary syndrome : Multi-centre randomised controlled trial in Emergency Medical Service
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier Ireland Ltd. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 168:4, s. 3580-3587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The prehospital treatment of pain and discomfort among patients who suffer from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) needs a treatment strategy which combines relief of pain with relief of anxiety. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact on pain and anxiety of the combination of an anxiolytic and an analgesic as compared with an analgesic alone in the prehospital setting of suspected ACS. Methods: A multi-centre randomised controlled trial compared the combination of Midazolam (Mi) + Morphine (Mo) and Mo alone. All measures took part: Prior to randomisation, 15 min thereafter and on admission to a hospital. Inclusion criteria were: 1) pain raising suspicion of ACS and 2) pain score ≥4. Primary endpoint: Pain score after 15 min. Results: In all, 890 patients were randomised to Mi + Mo and 873 to Mo alone. Pain was reduced from a median of 6 to 4 and finally to 3 in both groups. The mean dose of Mo was 5.3 mg in Mi + Mo and 6.0 mg in Mo alone (p b 0.0001). Anxiety was reported in 66% in Mi + Mo and in 64% in Mo alone at randomisation (NS); 15 min thereafter in 31% and 39% (p = 0.002) and finally in 12% and 26% respectively (p b 0.0001). On admission to a hospital nausea or vomiting was reported in 9% in Mi + Mo and in 13% in Mo alone (p = 0.003). Drowsiness differed; 15% and 14% were drowsy in Mi + Mo versus 2% and 3% in Mo alone respectively (p b 0.001). Conclusion: Despite the fact that the combination of anxiolytics and analgesics as compared with analgesics alone reduced anxiety and the requirement of Morphine in the prehospital setting of acute coronary syndrome, this strategy did not reduce patients' estimation of pain (primary endpoint). More effective pain relief among these patients is warranted.
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