| 1. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(författare)
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PHENIX detector overview
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors, and Associated Equipment. - 0167-5087. ; 499:2-3, s. 469-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PHENIX detector is designed to perform a broad study of A-A, p-A, and p-p collisions to investigate nuclear matter under extreme conditions. A wide variety of probes, sensitive to all timescales, are used to study systematic variations with species and energy as well as to measure the spin structure of the nucleon. Designing for the needs of the heavy-ion and polarized-proton programs has produced a detector with unparalleled capabilities. PHENIX measures electron and muon pairs, photons, and hadrons with excellent energy and momentum resolution. The detector consists of a large number of subsystems that are discussed in other papers in this volume. The overall design parameters of the detector are presented. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Adcox, K, et al.
(författare)
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Centrality dependence of the high (PT) charged hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at root s(NN)=130 GeV
- 2003
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Ingår i: Physics Letters. Section B: Nuclear, Elementary Particle and High-Energy Physics. - 0370-2693. ; 561:1-2, s. 82-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PHENIX has measured the centrality dependence of charged hadron p(T) spectra from Au +An collisions at root(s)NN = 130 GeV The truncated mean p(T) decreases with centrality for p(T) > 2 GeV/c, indicating an apparent reduction of the contribution from hard scattering to high p(T) hadrdn production. For central collisions the yield at high p(T) is shown to be suppressed compared to binary nucleon-nucleon collision scaling of p + p, data. This suppression is monotonically increasing with centrality, but most of the change occurs below 30% centrality, i.e., for collisions with less than similar to140 participating nucleons. The observed p(T) and centrality dependence is consistent with the particle production predicted by models including hard scattering and subsequent energy loss of the scattered partons in the dense matter created in the collisions. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
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| 3. |
- Kozlowsky-Suzuki, B, et al.
(författare)
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Feeding, reproduction and toxin accumulation by the copepods Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis in the presence of the toxic cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena
- 2003
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology - Progress Series. - 1616-1599. ; 249, s. 237-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Feeding, reproduction and accumulation of cyanobacterial toxins by the calanoid copepods Acartia bifilosa and Eurytemora affinis were studied during a cruise in the northern Baltic Sea. The experiments were carried out using both mixtures of natural plankton communities, mixtures containing the toxic Nodularia spumigena, and diets containing only the toxic cyanobacterium. Both copepod species had a high survival and fed actively on N. spumigena, both as a single food source and when offered in mixtures. Feeding on N. spumigena resulted in the detection of nodularin equivalents in the animals. However, there was a negative relationship between the gross growth efficiency and accumulated toxins, which indicates that the food quality was not ideal, possibly related to a high metabolic cost to cope with ingested toxins. Overall low egg production rates by both species and low egg hatching success by A. bifilosa in natural seawater suggested that the copepods were food-limited in the environment. The presence of Brachiomonas submarina offered in combination with N. spumigena enhanced A. bifilosa egg production, but not egg hatching success. Egg hatching success was not affected by increasing concentrations of N. spumigena in the diet. Instead, lack of food seemed to be a more important factor. Similar responses by E. affinis populations from sites with different history of toxin occurrence suggest that tolerance to cyanobacterial toxins has evolved in the Baltic Sea. This has possibly been guaranteed by genetic exchange between the 2 populations. These results suggest that N. spumigena is not directly harmful to copepods if an alternative food source is available, even though reproduction is not sustained if the species is offered as a single diet. Moreover, even if both copepods might act as a link transporting toxins to higher trophic levels, a very small fraction of the estimated ingested toxin was found in the animals, therefore the relative importance of this pathway seems limited.
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| 4. |
- Mineta, H, et al.
(författare)
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Low expression of fragile histidine triad gene correlates with high proliferation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- 2003
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Ingår i: Oral Oncology. - 1879-0593. ; 39:1, s. 56-63
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Frequent loss of heterozygosity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been found in several chromosomal regions such as 3p, 9p, 11q, 13q and 17p. Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) gene is located at 3p14.2 encompassing a common fragile site, and is identified as a tumor suppressor gene. We examined 57 patients with HNSCC using immunohistochemistry, western blot, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The association between FHIT expression and clinicopathologic characteristics including p53 and Ki-67 expressions was analyzed. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed 30 patients (53%) of low FHIT expression and 27 patients (47%) of high FHIT expression. Low FHIT expression significantly correlated with high Ki-67 expression, indicating that tumor cells with low FHIT expression can proliferate aggressively. No correlation was found between FHIT expression and clinical characteristics including age, gender, tumor size, lymph node status, stage grouping, histologic grade, p53 expression, and prognosis. FHIT alteration may play an important role in cancer development of HNSCC, however it did not contribute to the prognosis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Shimizu, Akira, et al.
(författare)
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Calpain and caspase inhibitors protect vestibular sensory cells from gentamicin ototoxicity
- 2003
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 123:4, s. 459-465
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Apoptosis may play an important role in the mechanism of aminoglycoside ototoxicity. Caspases and calpains are regarded to be important factors in the regulation of cell death in the inner ear. We hypothesized that caspase or calpain inhibitors would protect hair cells from aminoglycoside ototoxicity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to test this hypothesis we carried out a pilot study to determine if gentamicin (GM) would induce caspase and calpain immunolabeling in guinea pig hair cells Having confirmed this we carried out the main experiment using guinea pig vestibular organ culture to determine if caspase and calpain would protect the hair cells from GM ototoxicity. RESULTS: Immunoreactivity for caspase-3 and m-calpain was detected in the vestibular sensory cells and ganglia after GM treatment. Both caspase and calpain inhibitors protected hair cells against gentamicin ototoxicity. CONCLUSION: It is suggested that inhibition of apoptosis is essential in order to block aminoglycoside ototoxicity.
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| 7. |
- Usui, T., et al.
(författare)
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Hyaluronan synthase in trabecular meshwork cells.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Br J Ophthalmol. - 0007-1161. ; 87:3, s. 357-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hyaluronan is present in the trabecular meshwork where it is involved in the pathophysiology of aqueous outflow environment. In this study, the expression and regulation of hyaluronan synthase (HAS), which is the enzyme synthesising hyaluronan, in trabecular meshwork cells were investigated. METHODS: Cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells (BTMCs) were used. HAS expression in BTMCs was examined by RT-PCR. The effects of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) on HAS expression in BTMCs were examined by quantitative RT-PCR. The HAS2 expression by TGF-beta and PDGF-BB at the protein level was also confirmed immunohistochemically. The production of hyaluronan from BTMCs was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS: Three HAS isoforms were expressed in BTMCs at the mRNA level. Among HAS isoforms, only the expression of HAS2 mRNA was increased by the administration of TGF-beta or PDGF-BB. HAS2 upregulation by these growth factors was also confirmed at the protein level. Further, hyaluronan production from BTMCs was stimulated by TGF-beta or PDGF-BB. CONCLUSION: Expression of HAS in trabecular meshwork may maintain the hyaluronan content in the aqueous outflow pathway. Its production is regulated by TGF-beta and PDGF-BB. The regulation of the expression of HAS in trabecular meshwork might be useful for modulating the aqueous outflow environment.
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