| 1. |
- Grigull, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Enkätstudie – Insamling och lagring av bergtekniska och hydrogeologiska data
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Insamling av bergtekniska och hydrogeologiska data sker kontinuerligt och i olika faser av bergbyggnadsprojekt. I nuläget är insamlingsprocesserna dock inte standardiserade och det finns inget centralt, nationellt system för att lagra insamlade data. Det är också svårt att värdera eller återanvända data från tidigare projekt och oftast måste all nödvändiga fältdata samlas in från noll inför nya infrastrukturprojekt, även i områden där det finns tidigare bergbyggnation. Arbete inför och under denna förstudie pekar på ett stort behov av dels en tydligare och delvis förbättrad metodik för insamling av data och dels önskemål om en nationell portal för åtkomst till arkiv och databaser, med information från tidigare bergbyggnadsprojekt i ett område.Med hjälp av två enkätstudier som skickades ut till olika aktörer i bergbyggbranschen har vi identifierat geologiska, bergtekniska och hydrogeologiska parametrar vars insamlingsmetodik och metodbeskrivningar är i behov av att förbättras och eventuellt standardiseras. Med hjälp av enkätsvaren har befintliga databaslösningar samt önskemål runt funktionaliteten av en framtida nationell databas också analyserats.Enkätstudien pekar också på att en standardisering av datainsamlingsprocessen är nödvändig för att säkerställa tillförlitligheten och spårbarheten av data, samt på att standardiserad metodik bör vara anpassad till projektkomplexitet och i möjligaste mån ansluta till nuvarande internationellt accepterad metodik. Studien visar dock även att bergbyggbranschens åsikter är mycket splittrade kring vissa frågor. Hur processen att driva utvecklingen och förvaltandet av metodik, metodbeskrivningar och dataportal/databas är inte heller självklart, eller hur detta ska finansieras och vilka förvaltande organ som ska ansvara.Det rekommenderas i denna förstudie att man vid en uppbyggnad av en nationell databas delar upp en sådan i ett sökbart dokumentarkiv och i en parameterdatabas. En eller flera statliga organisationer bör ha huvudansvaret för förvaltning.Föreliggande rapport är tänkt att tjäna som beslutsunderlag vid initiering och finansiering av projekt inom det aktuella området. Det rekommenderas starkt att den eller de organisationerna som ska bygga upp ett dokumentarkiv och en nationell parameterdatabas tar hänsyn till de funktionsönskemål som tas upp i rapporten.Notera att denna rapport även finns tillgänglig i PDF-format på Stiftelsen BergtekniskForskning – BeFos hemsida. Länkarna i rapporten kan enkelt öppnas direkt från PDF-filen och bilder kan förstoras.
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| 2. |
- Fernqvist, Niklas, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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District heating as a flexibility service: Challenges in sector coupling for increased solar and wind power production in Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With expanding solar and wind power production, the topic of flexibility services attracts increased attention in the Swedish energy system. In this context, the potentials in using thermal storage capacities in district heating (DH) systems have been brought forward, primarily by academic scholars. Using a ‘grounded’ approach, this study investigates if professionals assigned to Swedish DH companies and electricity distribution system operators utilise, or plan to utilise, DH systems as flexibility services for the electricity grid. Original data was collected through semi-structured interviews, held with fourteen individuals affiliated to different actors in the Swedish energy system. These individuals were identified as being experts, or practically engaged, in using DH utilities as flexibility services for the electricity grid. The findings show that although technologies for coupling between DH systems and the electricity grid are already in place, initiatives for using DH systems as flexibility services for the electricity system are rare in Sweden. Coupling challenges stem from ownership and operation legislation frameworks, marginal incentives and a widespread focus on firm benefits rather than energy systems benefits. Identified initiatives for using DH systems for flexibility services are primarily run on a local scale, designed and propelled by small groups of engaged individuals.
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| 3. |
- Jafri, Yawer, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
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Double Yields and Negative Emissions? : Resource, Climate and Cost Efficiencies in Biofuels With Carbon Capture, Storage and Utilization
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Energy Research. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-598X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As fossil-reliant industries turn to sustainable biomass for energy and material supply, the competition for biogenic carbon is expected to intensify. Using process level carbon and energy balance models, this paper shows how the capture of residual CO2 in conjunction with either permanent storage (CCS) or biofuel production (CCU) benefits fourteen largely residue-based biofuel production pathways. With a few noteworthy exceptions, most pathways have low carbon utilization efficiencies (30–40%) without CCS/U. CCS can double these numbers and deliver negative emission biofuels with GHG footprints below −50 g CO2 eq./MJ for several pathways. Compared to CCS with no revenue from CO2 sequestration, CCU can offer the same efficiency gains at roughly two-third the biofuel production cost (e.g., 99 EUR/MWh vs. 162 EUR/MWh) but the GHG reduction relative to fossil fuels is significantly smaller (18 g CO2 eq./MJ vs. −99 g CO2 eq./MJ). From a combined carbon, cost and climate perspective, although commercial pathways deliver the cheapest biofuels, it is the emerging pathways that provide large-scale carbon-efficient GHG reductions. There is thus some tension between alternatives that are societally best and those that are economically most interesting for investors. Biofuel pathways vent CO2 in both concentrated and dilute streams Capturing both provides the best environomic outcomes. Existing pathways that can deliver low-cost GHG reductions but generate relatively small quantities of CO2 are unlikely to be able to finance the transport infrastructure required for transformative bio-CCS deployment. CCS and CCU are accordingly important tools for simultaneously reducing biogenic carbon wastage and GHG emissions, but to unlock their full benefits in a cost-effective manner, emerging biofuel technology based on the gasification and hydrotreatment of forest residues need to be commercially deployed imminently. Copyright © 2022 Jafri, Ahlström, Furusjö, Harvey, Pettersson, Svensson and Wetterlund.
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| 4. |
- Jakobsson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Potential physiological and cellular mechanisms of exercise that decrease the risk of severe complications and mortality following sars-cov-2 infection
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sports. - : MDPI. - 2075-4663. ; 9:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has unmasked mankind's vulnerability to biological threats. Although higher age is a major risk factor for disease severity in COVID-19, several predisposing risk factors for mortality are related to low cardiorespiratory and metabolic fitness, including obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Reaching physical activity (PA) guideline goals contribute to protect against numerous immune and inflammatory disorders, in addition to multi-morbidities and mortality. Elevated levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, being non-obese, and regular PA improves immunological function, mitigating sustained low-grade systemic inflammation and age-related deterioration of the immune system, or immunosenescence. Regular PA and being non-obese also improve the antibody response to vaccination. In this review, we highlight potential physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms that are affected by regular PA, increase the host antiviral defense, and may determine the course and outcome of COVID-19. Not only are the immune system and regular PA in relation to COVID-19 discussed, but also the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and hormonal systems, as well as skeletal muscle, epigenetics, and mitochondrial function.
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| 5. |
- Martín, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Precise positioning of autonomous vehicles combining UWB ranging estimations with on-board sensors
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electronics. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-9292. ; 9:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we analyze the performance of a positioning system based on the fusion of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) ranging estimates together with odometry and inertial data from the vehicle. For carrying out this data fusion, an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) has been used. Furthermore, a post-processing algorithm has been designed to remove the Non Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) UWB ranging estimates to further improve the accuracy of the proposed solution. This solution has been tested using both a simulated environment and a real environment. This research work is in the scope of the PRoPART European Project. The different real tests have been performed on the AstaZero proving ground using a Radio Control car (RC car) developed by RISE (Research Institutes of Sweden) as testing platform. Thus, a real time positioning solution has been achieved complying with the accuracy requirements for the PRoPART use case. © 2020 by the authors.
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| 6. |
- Sjöström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Ignition of natural fuels from strikes between steel and rocks
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ignition of natural fuels by sparks from strikes between metals and hard rock is far from understood and the ignition potential of sparks from rock strikes during heavy machinery operations is disputed in the scientific literature. This study utilises a spectrally resolved technique to study the temperature evolution of metal sparks from rock strikes. The study shows that initial temperature after collision can easily reach 1500 °C and this temperature can increase additionally by several hundred degrees as rapid oxidation processes are initiated, often leading to further disintegration of the fragment. The average temperature of fragments from such collisions is here measured to 1400 – 2000 °C and the combination of temperature, size and exothermic processes makes them viable for forest litter igniting. However, ignition on forest lands is always an unlikely, although possible outcome of heavy machinery operations and should be considered in risk assessment of the activity.
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