| 1. |
- Birkinshaw, Julian, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge dissemination in global R&D operations : an empirical study of multinationals in the high-technology electronics industry
- 2000
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Ingår i: Management International Review. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0938-8249. ; 40:1, s. 49-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study is an empirical examination of I) the mechanisms that three multinationals used to disseminate knowledge within their globally dispersed R&D operations, 2) the impediments that these multinationals experienced when implementing these mechanisms, and 3) the means to overcome these impediments. Management focused considerably on implementing mechanisms that facilitated the flow of knowledge to top management for the coordination of globally dispersed R&D activities. However, little attention was placed on mechanisms to facilitate the flow of knowledge for use by engineers in problem-solving activities. Three types of impediments to knowledge flow were observed: I) opportunity cost of time, 2) knowledge is power, and 3) not-invented-here. Knowledge flow in an MNC appears to be facilitated by establishing a one-company culture through I) incorporating teamwork as a company value, 2) evaluating individual knowledge contribution and assimilation in performance appraisals, 3) implementing a goal that promotes overall company improvement, and 4) facilitating extensive personnel rotation.
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| 2. |
- Schenkel, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the relationship between communities of practice and organizational performance : a case study in the construction industry
- 2002
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Communities of practice are rapidly becoming part of management's everyday vocabulary as many firms are now actively creating the conditions to support communities of practice within company walls. In some cases, firms are even "organizing" them in the hope of increasing competitive advantage or improving the organizational learning process. However, empirical research on the relationship between communities of practice and organizational performance is extremely limited; thus, there is little empirical support for management's efforts to enhance organizational performance through communities of practice. This research is an exploratory effort to fill that research gap through the case study of several communities of practice consisting of construction managers, engineers and supervisors within the scope of a multibillion-dollar construction project. Using the concept of learning curves, we find that the communities of practice operating under stable conditions exhibited static or improved performance. However, at one community of practice where a physical move reduced the ability of its members to interact in informal and formal face-to-face exchanges, there was a period of declining performance associated with the move.
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| 3. |
- Schenkel, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Theorizing structural properties of communities of practice : a social network approach
- 2003
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Management researchers are paying considerable attention to communities of practice (CPs) as a means to better understand the creation, transfer, and embedding of knowledge in organizations. However, scant attention has been paid to understanding the structural dimensions of these organizational forms. Thus, this study's purpose is to conceptualize the structural properties of communities of practice. We draw on the social network literature and apply some of the extensively used network concepts and measures to develop five structural properties for CPs. We illustrate the usefulness of these properties through applying them to data from a complex construction project. Finally, we develop a series of propositions that link the structural properties of CPs to organizational performance before concluding with a discussion.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Teigland, Robin
(författare)
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Communities of practice in a high-growth Internet consultancy : netovation vs. on-time performance
- 2000. - 1st
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Ingår i: Knowledge and Communities: Resources for the Knowledge-Based Economy. - Boston : Butterworth-Heinemann. - 9780080509785 - 0750672935 ; , s. 151-178
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article describes the findings from a study of the patterns of individual-level knowledge flows at Icon Medialab, a high-growth internet consultancy with multinational operations, and the impact of those patterns on individual performance. Building on the knowledge-based view of the firm literature, and specifically the work concerned with communities of practice, a series of propositions linking various sources of knowledge (internal vs. external, tacit vs. codified) to individual performance are developed. Using data collected from 203 employees at Icon Medialab, it is found that creativity is associated with social contact and internet-based sources such as electronic communities, while on-time delivery of results is associated with the use of codified internal sources and negatively related to the use of internetbased sources. Implications for community of practice theory, and for practice, are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Teigland, Robin
(författare)
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Communitites of Practice in a High-Technology Firm
- 2000
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Ingår i: The Flexible Firm: Capability Management in Network Organizations. - London : Oxford University Press. - 0198296517 ; , s. 126-146
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Teigland, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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CREATIVE TIES AND TIES THAT BIND
- 2000
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper examines whether the information sources used by knowledge workers have an impact on individual performance and creativity. Although it is widely recognized that new knowledge is created through the combination and exchange of existing knowledge, there is a large variety of knowledge sources available to individuals. In this study, we examine whether individual performance varies as a result of (1) individual factors, (2) usage of a variety of information sources, (3) reliance on colocated colleagues, or (4) participation in an organizational electronic community. Results indicate that experience and education predict general performance, regardless of the type of information sources used. However, the type of information sources used by individuals relates significantly to creativity. Reliance on colocated colleagues results in less creativity while participation in an electronic community leads to higher creativity. Additional analysis reveals that participation in the electronic community does not have a direct effect on creativity, rather participation has a direct impact on the acquisition of new knowledge, which in turn influences creativity. Group tenure and type of participation (posting questions vs. responses) are also important predictors whose effects are fully mediated through knowledge acquisition. Finally, professional commitment did not contribute to knowledge exchange in the electronic community, rather professional commitment had a direct effect on creativity. © 2000, Association for Information Systems. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Teigland, Robin
(författare)
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Exploring the relationships between participation in networks of practice, centrality, and individual performance in a multinational firm
- 2003
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Multinational organizations create sustainable competitive advantage based on their ability to effectively integrate knowledge that is increasingly dispersed throughout their global operations. This knowledge resides in specialized form among the organization's individual members, and as individuals perform their everyday work tasks, they participate in activities related to the firm's knowledge integration processes. In so doing, individuals build and participate in emergent networks that have been labeled networks of practice, which spread across the multinational's intra-organizational boundaries as well as across its legal boundaries. Grounded in the knowledge-based view of the firm and in particular theories of knowledge integration, we investigate these individual level activities and their relationship to individual outcomes of centrality and performance. Using survey and social network data from a multinational new media consulting company, we recreated the informal advice networks for the entire multinational of 1698 individuals spread across 28 offices (84.7% response rate). We find results through structural equation modeling that suggest that organizations should support individual level activities that include not only the use of internal knowledge sources but also the use of informal, external knowledge sources, such as participation in interorganizational networks of practice. Research results also suggest that there are different patterns of activities related to knowledge integration depending on whether efficient knowledge integration or flexible knowledge integration is the goal. Implications for theories of the knowledge-based view of the firm, the multinational, and networks of practice are discussed as well as some implications for practice.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Teigland, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the Uppsala Biotech Cluster : Baseline Results from the 2004 Uppsala Biotech Cluster Survey
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Just 65 kilometers to the north of Stockholm, Sweden, the Uppsala region has beenincreasingly receiving worldwide recognition during the past five years as a strongand dynamic cluster in the field of biotechnology. In 2003, Vinnova and theVinnväxt Program awarded Uppsala BIO – the Life Science Initiative a package offinancial support for a period of ten years to further support the region’sdevelopment and competitiveness. Uppsala BIO contracted CIND to facilitate inthis process, and one of CIND’s first activities was to conduct the 2004 UppsalaBiotech Cluster Survey. This survey was designed to gain an understanding of thecurrent “state of affairs” in the Uppsala biotech cluster, and selected survey resultsare presented in this report.
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