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- Lindqvist, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Seeing eye-to-eye : how do public and private sector views of a biotech cluster and its cluster initiative differ?
- 2007
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Taylor & Francis (Routledge): SSH Titles. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 15:6, s. 767-786
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As clusters have developed from an analytical concept into a key policy tool, numerous cluster initiatives, or collaborative organizations designed to enhance the competitiveness of clusters, have been implemented across the globe. However, while research on clusters is abundant, research specifically focusing on these emerging organizations is scant to date. This paper analyzes one such cluster initiative and its cluster, and in particular examines to what degree the public and private sectors (1) have the same understanding of the cluster's competitiveness and underlying strengths and weaknesses and (2) what activities the cluster initiative should conduct.
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| 3. |
- McLure Wasko, Molly, et al.
(författare)
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Electronic Networks of Practice and Communities of Practice
- 2006
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies. - Hershey, PA : IGI Global. - 9781591407973 - 9781591405634 - 1591405637 ; , s. 188-192
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent advances in ICT have led to the emergence of online social structures where the primary purpose is knowledge exchange. Using computer-mediated communication technologies, such as newsgroups, listservs, and bulletin boards, an unlimited number of geographically dispersed individuals with diverse organizational, national, and demographic backgrounds share knowledge through helping each other solve problems, debating issues around shared interests, and telling stories of personal experiences (Sproull & Faraj, 1995; Wasko & Faraj, 2000). Individuals benefit from participation in this online knowledge exchange since they gain access to help and expertise that are often not available locally. While knowledge exchange in traditional face-to-face communities of practice within organizations has received considerable attention, we know much less about the dynamics underlying electronic networks and have yet to reach a consensus defining the phenomenon of interest. For example, online social structures focused on knowledge exchange are commonly referred to by numerous names: virtual or electronic communities, communities of interest, and online communities. Additionally, both practitioners and researchers tend to take a unitary view of both communities of practice and electronic networks, thus masking possible heterogeneity along a number of important dimensions. Yet without clear definitions of electronic networks, it is difficult to apply overarching theories that are both appropriate and generalizable, to compare across studies, and to build a coherent stream of research. Thus, this article’s purpose is twofold: (1) to define and describe the specific characteristics of one form of online social structure, an electronic network of practice and (2) to compare electronic networks of practice with communities of practice in order to highlight the roles of each for supporting learning and knowledge exchange focused on a shared practice.
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| 4. |
- McLure Wasko, Molly, et al.
(författare)
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Examining Social Structure in an Electronic Network of Practice
- 2006
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies. - Hershey, PA : IGI Global. - 9781591407973 - 1591407974 - 9781591405634 - 1591405637 ; , s. 207-212
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recent advances in IS have led to the development of electronic networks that enable thousands of geographically dispersed individuals, who are typically strangers from diverse organizational, national, and demographic backgrounds, to interact (Sproull & Faraj, 1995). In these networks, individuals engage in knowledge sharing and problem solving through message postings offering professional advice, storytelling of personal experiences, and debate on relevant issues (Wasko & Faraj, 2000). Individuals benefit from these networks since they gain access to new information and expertise related to their practice that are often not available locally. Based on previous research (Wasko & Teigland, 2004), we define an electronic network of practice (ENOP) as a self-organizing, open activity system focused on a shared practice that exists through computer-mediated communication. Despite the growing interest in online social structures such as electronic networks of practice, we know surprisingly little about how or why these structures support knowledge exchange (Desanctis & Monge, 1999; Lin, 2001). Thus, the goal of this exploratory research is to investigate electronic networks of practice by drawing upon theories of public goods and collective action. Building upon work by Fulk and colleagues (Fulk, Flanagin, Kalman, Monge, & Ryan, 1996), we investigate ENOPs as a form of collective action by examining two fundamental research questions: (1) what is the pattern of interaction underlying knowledge exchange in an ENOP and (2) why do some individuals participate more than others in an ENOP. The article concludes with a discussion and areas for future research.
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| 7. |
- Teigland, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Advancing Learning through Virtual Worlds
- 2009
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Ingår i: Handbook of Research on Web 2.0, 3.0, and X.0: Technologies, Business, and Social Applications. - Hershey, PA : Information Science Reference. - 9781605663852 - 9781605663845 ; , s. 556-572
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Higher education institutions and corporations are increasingly exploring new pedagogical methods to align with learning styles of incoming students and employees, who are amazingly adept at using Web 2.0 applications. This chapter explores the use of virtual worlds, in particular that of Second Life, in educational activities by organizations such as higher education institutions or corporations. We begin by introducing virtual worlds with a particular focus on Second Life. We then provide an overview of the benefits of this environment for learning activities before presenting a set of potential learning activities that can be conducted within Second Life. We then discuss an in-depth example of 3D teaming-one learning activity within Second Life conducted by the authors. After a discussion of implementation challenges, we then present areas for future research.
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| 9. |
- Teigland, Robin, et al.
(författare)
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Distinguishing Work Groups, Virtual Teams, and Electronic Networks of Practice
- 2008
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Ingår i: Virtual Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. - : IGI Global. - 9781599049564 - 9781599049557
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communities of practice are promoted within organizations as sources of competitive advantage and facilitators of organizational learning. A community of practice is an emergent social collective where individuals working on similar problems self-organize to help each other and to share perspectives about their work practice, resulting in learning and innovation within the community (BrownXX1Duguid, 1991; Wenger, 1998). Recent advances in information and communication technologies have enabled the creation of computer-supported social networks similar to communities of practice, where individuals are able to discuss and debate issues electronically. Given the success of communities of practice for facilitating knowledge exchange, both electronically and in face-to-face settings, management has recently focused on how to formally duplicate these networks and gather their benefits in work groups and virtual teams. However, with the evolution of new technology-enabled organizational forms, theoretical development is needed to distinguish between these different types of organizational forms since there are significant differences in the dynamics of formal vs. informal membership groups and between electronic and face-to-face interactions (HindsXX1Kiesler, 2002).
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