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- Lewis, Cathryn M, et al.
(författare)
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Genome scan meta-analysis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, part II : Schizophrenia
- 2003
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 73:1, s. 34-48
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Schizophrenia is a common disorder with high heritability and a 10-fold increase in risk to siblings of probands. Replication has been inconsistent for reports of significant genetic linkage. To assess evidence for linkage across studies, rank-based genome scan meta-analysis (GSMA) was applied to data from 20 schizophrenia genome scans. Each marker for each scan was assigned to 1 of 120 30-cM bins, with the bins ranked by linkage scores (1 = most significant) and the ranks averaged across studies (R(avg)) and then weighted for sample size (N(sqrt)[affected casess]). A permutation test was used to compute the probability of observing, by chance, each bin's average rank (P(AvgRnk)) or of observing it for a bin with the same place (first, second, etc.) in the order of average ranks in each permutation (P(ord)). The GSMA produced significant genomewide evidence for linkage on chromosome 2q (PAvgRnk<.000417). Two aggregate criteria for linkage were also met (clusters of nominally significant P values that did not occur in 1,000 replicates of the entire data set with no linkage present): 12 consecutive bins with both P(AvgRnk) and P(ord)<.05, including regions of chromosomes 5q, 3p, 11q, 6p, 1q, 22q, 8p, 20q, and 14p, and 19 consecutive bins with P(ord)<.05, additionally including regions of chromosomes 16q, 18q, 10p, 15q, 6q, and 17q. There is greater consistency of linkage results across studies than has been previously recognized. The results suggest that some or all of these regions contain loci that increase susceptibility to schizophrenia in diverse populations.
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- Hood, D W, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic basis for expression of the major globotetraose-containing lipopolysaccharide from H-influenzae strain Rd (RM118)
- 2001
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Ingår i: Glycobiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0959-6658 .- 1460-2423. ; 11:11, s. 957-967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A genetic basis for the biosynthetic assembly of the globotetraose containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Haemophilus influenzae strain RM118 (Rd) was determined by structural analysis of LPS derived from mutant strains. We have previously shown that the parent strain RM118 elaborates a population of LPS molecules made up of a series of related glycoforms differing in the degree of oligosaccharide chain extension from the distal heptose residue of a conserved phosphorylated inner-core element, L-alpha -D-Hepp-(1-->2)-L-alpha -D-Hepp-(1-->3)-[beta -D-Glcp-(1-->4)-]-L-alpha -D-Hepp-(1-->5)-alpha -Kdo. The fully extended LPS glycoform expresses the globotetraose structure, beta -D-GalpNAc-(1-->3)-alpha -D-Galp(1-->4)-beta -D-Galp-(1-->4)-beta -D-Glcp. A fingerprinting strategy was employed to establish the structure of LPS from strains mutated in putative glycosyltransferase genes compared to the parent strain. This involved glycose and linkage analysis on intact LPS samples and analysis of O-deacylated LPS samples by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and 1D H-1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Four genes, lpsA, lic2A, lgtC, and lgtD, were required for sequential addition of the glycoses to the terminal inner-core heptose to give the globotetraose structure. lgtC and lgtD were shown to encode glycosyltransferases by enzymatic assays with synthetic acceptor molecules. This is the first genetic blueprint determined for H. influenzae LPS oligosaccharide biosynthesis, identifying genes Involved in the addition of each glycose residue.
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- Kelly, BD, et al.
(författare)
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Obstetric adversity and age at first presentation with schizophrenia: Evidence of a dose-response relationship
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Journal of Psychiatry. - 1535-7228. ; 161:5, s. 920-922
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine if a dose-response relationship exists between obstetric adversity and age at first presentation with schizophrenia. Method: The Dublin Psychiatric Case Register was used to identify subjects with schizophrenia. Data on obstetric complications, social class of origin, and family history of psychiatric illness were obtained for those subjects. Results: A total of 409 patients with ICD-9 schizophrenia were identified. Patients with a history of obstetric complications presented earlier to psychiatric services. As the number of complications increased, the mean age at first presentation decreased. This effect was independent of social class of origin and family history of psychiatric illness. Conclusions: Obstetric adversity exerts an independent influence on the age at first presentation with schizophrenia, in a dose-response manner. This finding supports the existence of a causal relationship between obstetric adversity and age at first presentation with schizophrenia.
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