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- Ackermann, M., et al.
(författare)
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Fermi establishes classical novae as a distinct class of gamma-ray sources
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 345:6196, s. 554-558
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A classical nova results from runaway thermonuclear explosions on the surface of a white dwarf that accretes matter from a low-mass main-sequence stellar companion. In 2012 and 2013, three novae were detected in gamma rays and stood in contrast to the first gamma-ray-detected nova V407 Cygni 2010, which belongs to a rare class of symbiotic binary systems. Despite likely differences in the compositions and masses of their white dwarf progenitors, the three classical novae are similarly characterized as soft-spectrum transient gamma-ray sources detected over 2- to 3-week durations. The gamma-ray detections point to unexpected high-energy particle acceleration processes linked to the mass ejection from thermonuclear explosions in an unanticipated class of Galactic gamma-ray sources.
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| 4. |
- Benderius, Ola, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Driver behaviour in unexpected critical events and in repeated exposures – a comparison
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Transport Research Review. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1867-0717 .- 1866-8887. ; 6:1, s. 51-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThis paper aims to determine how truck driver steering behaviour seen in repeated exposures to acritical event correlates to the behaviour resulting from an unexpected exposure to the same event.MethodsTest subjects were exposed to an unexpected critical event in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Next, a slightly modified version of the scenario was repeated several times for each subject. The driver behaviour was then analysed using standard statistical tests.ResultsIt was found that, in general, drivers keep most of their steering behaviour characteristics between test settings (unexpected and repeated). This is particularly interesting sincea similar kind of behaviour preservation is generally not found in the case of braking behaviour. In fact, onlyone significant difference was found between the two test settings, namely regarding time-to-collision at steering initiation.ConclusionsIn experiments involving both an unexpected event and several repeated events one can,at least in some cases, design the repeated event such that behavioural data collected from that setting can beused along with data from the unexpected setting. Using this procedure, one can significantly increase the amount of collected data, something that can strongly benefit, for example, driver modelling.
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- Wolff, Johannes M., et al.
(författare)
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Is intermittent androgen-deprivation therapy beneficial for patients with advanced prostate cancer?
- 2014
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Ingår i: BJU International. - : Wiley. - 1464-4096. ; 114:4, s. 476-483
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Use of intermittent androgen-deprivation therapy (IADT) in patients with prostate cancer has been evaluated in several studies, in an attempt to delay the development of castration resistance and reduce side-effects associated with ADT. However it is still not clear whether survival is adversely affected in patients treated with IADT. In this review, we explore the available data in an attempt to identify the most suitable candidate patients for IADT, and discuss factors that may inform appropriate patient stratification. ADT is first-line treatment for advanced/metastatic prostate cancer and is also recommended for use with definitive radiotherapy for high-risk localised prostate cancer. The changes in hormone levels induced by ADT can lead to short-and long-term side-effects which, although treatable in most cases, can significantly reduce the tolerability of ADT treatment. IADT has been investigated in several phase II and phase III studies in patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, in an attempt to delay time to tumour progression and reduce the side-effect burden of ADT. In selected patient groups IADT is no less effective than continuous ADT, ameliorating the impact of ADT-related side-effects, and, to a degree, their impact on patient health-related quality of life (HRQL). Further comparative study is required, particularly in relation to HRQL and long-term complications associated with ADT.
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