| 1. |
- Braun, Judith, et al.
(författare)
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Full15N tracer accounting to revisit major assumptions of 15N isotope pool dilution approaches for gross nitrogen mineralization
- 2018
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717. ; 117, s. 16-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Authors The 15 N isotope pool dilution (IPD) technique is the only available method for measuring gross ammonium (NH 4 + ) production and consumption rates. Rapid consumption of the added 15 N-NH 4 + tracer is commonly observed, but the processes responsible for this consumption are not well understood. The primary objectives of this study were to determine the relative roles of biotic and abiotic processes in 15 N-NH 4 + consumption and to investigate the validity of one of the main assumptions of IPD experiments, i.e., that no reflux of the consumed 15 N tracer occurs during the course of the experiments. We added a 15 N-NH 4 + tracer to live and sterile (autoclaved) soil using mineral topsoil from a beech forest and a grassland in Austria that differed in NH 4 + concentrations and NH 4 + consumption kinetics. We quantified both biotic tracer consumption (i.e. changes in the concentrations and 15 N enrichments of NH 4 + , dissolved organic N (DON), NO 3 − and the microbial N pool) and abiotic tracer consumption (i.e., fixation by clay and/or humic substances). We achieved full recovery of the 15 N tracer in both soils over the course of the 48 h incubation. For the forest soil, we found no rapid consumption of the 15 N tracer, and the majority of tracer (78%) remained unconsumed at the end of the incubation period. In contrast, the grassland soil showed rapid 15 N-NH 4 + consumption immediately after tracer addition, which was largely due to both abiotic fixation (24%) and biotic processes, largely uptake by soil microbes (10%) and nitrification (13%). We found no evidence for reflux of 15 N-NH 4 + over the 48 h incubation period in either soil. Our study therefore shows that 15 N tracer reflux during IPD experiments is negligible for incubation times of up to 48 h, even when rapid NH 4 + consumption occurs. Such experiments are thus robust to the assumption that immobilized labeled N is not re–mobilized during the experimental period and does not impact calculations of gross N mineralization.
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| 2. |
- Chen, X., et al.
(författare)
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Multi-User Phase Noises on Uplink MIMO-OFDM Systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 2nd URSI Atlantic Radio Science Meeting, AT-RASC 2018.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is assumed that each of the users has a single antenna, whereas the base station (BS) has multiple antennas and use zero-forcing (ZF) decoder for multi-user detection. Since each user is equipped with an independent oscillator, the received uplink (UL) signal at each BS antenna is corrupted by all of these independent PNs. Analytical study on the performances of the MIMO-OFDM system in the presence of multiple PNs is presented and the analytical results are verified by simulations.
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| 3. |
- Xiaoming, Chen, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Uplink Multiuser MIMO-OFDM System in the Presence of Phase Noises, Power Imbalance, and Correlation
- 2018
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Ingår i: Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1530-8669 .- 1530-8677. ; 2018
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of phase noises (PNs), power imbalances, and correlations on multiuser orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are studied. It is assumed that each user is equipped with a single antenna, whereas the base station (BS) has multiple antennas and use zero-forcing (ZF) decoder for multiuser detection. Since each user has an independent oscillator, the received uplink (UL) signal at each BS antenna is corrupted by all of these independent PNs. Furthermore, there may be power imbalances and correlations (due to common scatterers) between different users. These impairments are jointly analyzed in this work. A closed-form expression of the mean square error (MSE) performance of the multiuser MIMO-OFDM system is derived. The analytical results are verified by simulations.
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