| 1. |
- Delgado-Eckert, E, et al.
(författare)
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Functional phenotypes determined by fluctuation-based clustering of lung function measurements in healthy and asthmatic cohort participants
- 2018
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Ingår i: Thorax. - : BMJ. - 1468-3296 .- 0040-6376. ; 73:2, s. 107-115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is characterised by inflammation and reversible airway obstruction. However, these features are not always closely related. Fluctuations of daily lung function contain information on asthma phenotypes, exacerbation risk and response to long-acting β-agonists.ObjectivesIn search of subgroups of asthmatic participants with specific lung functional features, we developed and validated a novel clustering approach to asthma phenotyping, which exploits the information contained within the fluctuating behaviour of twice-daily lung function measurements.MethodsForced expiratory volume during the first second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were prospectively measured over 4 weeks in 696 healthy and asthmatic school children (Protection Against Allergy – Study in Rural Environments (PASTURE)/EFRAIM cohort), and over 1 year in 138 asthmatic adults with mild-to-moderate or severe asthma (Pan-European Longitudinal Assessment of Clinical Course and BIOmarkers in Severe Chronic AIRway Disease (BIOAIR) cohort). Using enrichment analysis, we explored whether the method identifies clinically meaningful, distinct clusters of participants with different lung functional fluctuation patterns.Measurements and main resultsIn the PASTURE/EFRAIM dataset, we found four distinct clusters. Two clusters were enriched in children with well-known clinical characteristics of asthma. In cluster 3, children from a farming environment predominated, whereas cluster 4 mainly consisted of healthy controls. About 79% of cluster 3 carried the asthma-risk allele rs7216389 of the17q21locus. In the BIOAIR dataset, we found two distinct clusters clearly discriminating between individuals with mild-to-moderate and severe asthma.ConclusionsOur method identified dynamic functional asthma and healthy phenotypes, partly independent of atopy and inflammation but related to genetic markers on the17q21locus. The method can be used for disease phenotyping and possibly endotyping. It may identify participants with specific functional abnormalities, potentially needing a different therapeutic approach.
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| 2. |
- Elert, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Bedömning av riskreduktion vid efterbehandlingfas 2
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport redovisar den andra etappen av ett projekt som syftar till att inventera och utveckla metoder för att göra ändamålsenliga riskbedömningar av förorenade områden. Fokus ligger på uppskattning av spridning samt bedömning av den riskreduktion som olika behandlingsåtgärder kan ge. För detta ändamål har en Excelbaserad beräkningsmodell tagits fram som ska underlätta snabba bedömningar av föroreningsspridningen. Modellen beräknar föroreningsläckage från ett förorenat område uppdelat i olika delområden som kan antas vara homogena vad gäller föroreningssituation och hydrogeologi. Lakningen av föroreningar från marken uppskattas med olika metoder och används sedan som källterm till en transportmodell som beräknar belastning på omkringliggande sjöar och vattendrag. I modellen ingår även en enkel dynamisk ytvattenmodell som kan användas för att uppskatta hur halter i ytvatten och sediment påverkas av utsläppet från ett förorenat markområde samt hur halterna förändras med tiden. Modellen kan också simulera effekten av vissa saneringsåtgärder. I rapporten diskuteras också olika metoder att värdera effekten av utsläpp och hur modellen kan användas för att ta fram ett underlag för att göra denna jämförelse. Den ger också exempel på olika sätt att kunna bedöma de halter som uppkommer i miljön, dels utifrån avvikelse från bakgrund och dels utifrån uppskattningar av den risk dessa halter innebär.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hökfors, Bodil, 1971-
(författare)
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Phase chemistry in process models for cement clinker and lime production
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The goal of the thesis is to evaluate if developed phase chemical process models for cement clinker and lime production processes are reliable to use as predictive tools in understanding the changes when introducing sustainability measures.The thesis describes the development of process simulation models in the application of sustainability measures as well as the evaluation of these models. The motivation for developing these types of models arises from the need to predict the chemical and the process changes in the production process, the impact on the product quality and the emissions from the flue gas.The main chemical reactions involving the major elements (calcium, silicon, aluminium and iron) are relatively well known. As for the minor elements, such as sodium and potassium metals, sulphur, chlorine, phosphorus and other trace elements, their influence on the main reactions and the formation of clinker minerals is not entirely known. When the concentrations of minor and trace elements increase due to the use of alternative materials and fuels, a model that can accurately predict their chemistry is invaluable. For example, the shift towards using less carbon intensive fuels and more biomass fuels often leads to an increased phosphorus concentration in the products.One way to commit to sustainable development methods in cement clinker and lime production is to use new combustion technologies, which increase the ability to capture carbon dioxide. Introducing oxy-fuel combustion achieves this, but at the same time, the overall process changes in many other ways. Some of these changes are evaluated by the models in this work.In this thesis, a combination of the software programs Aspen Plus™ and ChemApp™ constitutes the simulation model. Thermodynamic data from FACT are evaluated and adjusted to suit the chemistry of cement clinker and lime.The resulting model has been verified for one lime and two cement industrial processes.Simulated scenarios of co-combustion involving different fuels and different oxy-fuel combustion cases in both cement clinker and lime rotary kiln production are described as well as the influence of greater amounts of phosphorus on the cement clinker quality.
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| 5. |
- Lambrix, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of ontology development tools for bioinformatics
- 2003
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Ingår i: Bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press. - 1367-4803 .- 1367-4811. ; 19:12, s. 1564-1571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ontologies are being used nowadays in many areas, including bioinformatics. To assist users in developing and maintaining ontologies a number of tools have been developed. In this paper we compare four such tools, Protégé-2000, Chimaera, DAG-Edit and OilEd. As test ontologies we have used ontologies from the Gene Ontology Consortium. No system is preferred in all situations, but each system has its own strengths and weaknesses.
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| 6. |
- Lin, Tingjun, et al.
(författare)
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A Systematic Literature Review of Computational Thinking in K-8 Education Setting Through the Lens of a Pedagogical Content Knowledge Analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Teaching, Assessment and Learning for Engineering, TALE 2022. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 810-813
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As Computational Thinking (CT) becomes an increasingly necessary skill, it is crucial to examine how CT can be taught in the classroom. Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is a practical concept to examine how CT education can be developed. This systematic literature review presents the discussion of K-8 teachers' PCK in the implementation of CT- related activities in the classroom. Studies were extracted from Google Scholar's database. Among these studies, 14 articles were deemed to be relevant for a more in-depth examination. Findings from this preliminary literature review suggest that teachers have clear purposes and goals for teaching CT and various instructional strategies for teaching CT. However, the existing studies lacked information about teachers' knowledge and beliefs regarding the methods for assessing students' CT. Practical implications and future directions to enhance K-8 teachers' PCK on CT are discussed in this study.
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| 7. |
- Loy, Johanna K., et al.
(författare)
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Optimierungsbedarf von Spielersperren Ergebnisse der VeSpA-Interviewstudie
- 2020
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Ingår i: SUCHT. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 0939-5911 .- 1664-2856. ; 66:4, s. 223-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Spielersperren stellen eine effektive Maßnahme des Spielerschutzes dar. Sie bedürfen jedoch einer Anpassung an die Bedürfnisse von Personen mit Glücksspielproblemen. Studien weisen auf Defizite hinsichtlich Sperrvorgang und -dauer sowie Zugangskontrollen hin. Ziel der qualitativen Untersuchung war es, Empfehlungen für die Optimierung von Spielersperren abzuleiten. Methodik: Mit semi-strukturierten Leitfäden wurden die am Prozess einer Spielesperre beteiligten Akteure zu Regelungen der Spielersperre, persönlichen Erfahrungen und Barrieren befragt. Einbezogen wurden Glücksspielende mit und ohne Sperre sowie Angehörige, Fachkräfte, Mitarbeitende von Spielbanken, Spielhallen und der Gesellschaft für Spielerschutz und Prävention (GSP). Insgesamt wurden 20 Einzel- und sechs Gruppeninterviews geführt. Ergebnisse: Als zentrale Ansatzunkte der Optimierung wurden Sperrdauer und -umfang (übergreifendes Sperrsystem) sowie Zugangskontrollen genannt. Empfohlen wurden eine Antragstellung über Post oder Internet zur Senkung der Hemmschwelle und ein rascheres Inkrafttreten der Spielersperre. Kontrovers diskutiert wurden Sperrdauer und Optionen einer Entsperrung. Durch den Einsatz einer Spielerkarte versprachen sich die Befragten eine Verbesserung des Spielerschutzes durch Feststellung einer laufenden Spielersperre und Begrenzung von Spielzeit oder Geldeinsätzen. Diskussion: Spielersperren wurden von allen Befragten grundsätzlich positiv bewertet. Optimierungsbedarf wurde in den gesetzlichen Regelungen und Sperrkonditionen gesehen. Von einer Schließung von Gesetzeslücken sowie einer intensiven Aufklärung und Motivation von Glücksspielenden, Angehörigen und Glücksspielanbietern werden positive Effekte auf die Inanspruchnahme von Spielersperren erwartet.
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| 8. |
- Sundström, Göran, 1967-
(författare)
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Granskningspolitikens huvudlinjer
- 2019
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Ingår i: Granskningssamhället. - Lund : Studentlitteratur AB. - 9789144136998 ; , s. 29-38
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Topgaard, D., et al.
(författare)
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Translational Motion of Water in Biological Tissues-A Brief Primer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Advanced Diffusion Encoding Methods in MRI. - Cambridge : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2044-2548 .- 2044-253X. - 9781788017268 - 9781788019910 ; 2020-January:24, s. 1-11
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As an introduction to the rigorous treatment of diffusion encoding in the rest of the book, this chapter gives simple non-mathematical explanations of the relations between the properties of biological tissues and the translational motion of the tissue water with the aim of conveying an intuitive feel of the relevant time and length scales and the level of detail of the information that can be obtained. The influence of biomembranes and macromolecules on water dynamics is reviewed from both molecular and cellular scale perspectives. The potentially complex motion patterns are decomposed into short-time diffusivity, restriction, anisotropy, flow, and exchange, which can be independently assessed and correlated with advanced diffusion encoding methods in MRI.
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| 10. |
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