| 1. |
- Andler, Sten F., et al.
(författare)
-
SMARTracIn : a concept for spoof resistant tracking of vessels and detection of adverse intentions
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Sensors, and Command, Control, Communications, and Intelligence (C3I) Technologies for Homeland Security and Homeland Defense VIII. - : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819475718 ; , s. 73050G-1-73050G-9
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of maritime surveillance systems is to detect threats earlyenough to take appropriate actions. We present the results ofa study on maritime domain awareness performed during the fallof 2008. We analyze an identified capability gap of worldwidesurveillance in the maritime domain, and report from a userworkshop addressing the identified gap. We describe a SMARTracIn conceptsystem that integrates information from surveillance systems with background knowledgeon normal conditions to help users detect and visualize anomaliesin vessel traffic. Land-based systems that cover the coastal watersas well as airborne, space-borne and ships covering open seaare considered. Sensor data are combined with intelligence information fromship reporting systems and databases. We describe how information fusion,anomaly detection and semantic technology can be used to helpusers achieve more detailed maritime domain awareness. Human operators area vital part of this system and should be activecomponents in the fusion process. We focus on the problemof detecting anomalous behavior in ocean-going traffic, and a roomand door segmentation concept to achieve this. This requires theability to identify vessels that enter into areas covered bysensors as well as the use of information management systemsthat allow us to quickly find all relevant information.
|
|
| 2. |
- Blasch, Erik, et al.
(författare)
-
Implication of Culture : User Roles in Information Fusion for Enhanced Situational Understanding
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Information Fusion, 2009. FUSION '09. 12th International Conference on. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9780982443804 ; , s. 1272-1279
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information Fusion coordinates large-volume data processing machines to address user needs. Users expect a situational picture to extend their ability of sensing events, movements, and activities. Typically, data is collected and processed for object location (e.g. target identification) and movement (e.g. tracking); however, high-level reasoning or situational understanding depends on the spatial, cultural, and political effects. In this paper, we explore opportunities where information fusion can aid in the selection and processing of the data for enhanced tacit knowledge understanding by (1) display fusion for data presentation (e.g. cultural segmentation), (2) interactive fusion to allow the user to inject a priori knowledge (e..g. cultural values), and (3) associated metrics of predictive capabilities (e.g. cultural networks). In a simple scenario, cultural information impacts on situational understanding from deception is demonstrated using the Technology-Emotion-Culture-Knowledge (TECK) attributes of the Observer-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) model.
|
|
| 3. |
- Boström, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Definition of Information Fusion as a Field of Research
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A more precise definition of the field of information fusion can be of benefit to researchers within the field, who may use uch a definition when motivating their own work and evaluating the contribution of others. Moreover, it can enable researchers and practitioners outside the field to more easily relate their own work to the field and more easily understand the scope of the techniques and methods developed in the field. Previous definitions of information fusion are reviewed from that perspective, including definitions of data and sensor fusion, and their appropriateness as definitions for the entire research field are discussed. Based on strengths and weaknesses of existing definitions, a novel definition is proposed, which is argued to effectively fulfill the requirements that can be put on a definition of information fusion as a field of research.
|
|
| 4. |
- Nilsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
A user study of the Impact matrix, a fusion based decision support for enhanced situation awareness
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Fusion 2008 (FUSION 2008). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9783000248832 - 9783800730926 ; , s. 440-447
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today’s asymmetric threats put new challenges on military decision making. As new technology develops we have new possibilities to support decision making in such environments. However, it is important that the tools developed take into account users’ (commanders’) decision needs. This paper presents some initial user studies of Swedish commanders testing a prototype application developed to answer these new challenges introduced by asymmetric threats. The application aids commanders by supporting situation awareness in terms of providing an overview of incoming intelligence reports and displaying probabilities of future events. The user study focuses on how the tool can support commanders’ daily decision making activities. The results indicate that the general concept could be useful for Swedish commanders and analysts, but some suggestions for improvements are made. The issues found in this study will inform the continuing evaluation of this tool.
|
|
| 5. |
- Nilsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Experts' Views on User Activities in Information Fusion System Development Processes
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 3rd Skövde Workshop on Information Fusion Topics (SWIFT 2009). - Skövde : University of Skövde. - 9789197851329 ; , s. 33-38
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of the user in information fusion has gained increasing attention during the last years. However, looking at the research performed within the community it remains difficult to acquire a good understanding of the role of users, especially in terms of the information fusion system development process. To address this, a questionnaire was distributed during FUSION 2009 conference which aimed to explore these issues. Here, we present an initial analysis of the responses obtained. A consensus was found regarding how users have been incorporated in the development process. Specifically, they are seen as part of the concept generation phase, the requirement gathering phase or the evaluation phase rather than of the design phase. Also, the typical activities performed with users were found to be interviews and using users as advisers. However, results from the questionnaire also indicated that a consensus regarding what information is needed from users for automating a manual information fusion process is still lacking. The reasons for, and implications of this lack are discussed in the light of current research.
|
|
| 6. |
- Nilsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Extracting rules from expert operators to support situation awareness in maritime surveillance
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION 2008). - : IEEE Press. - 9783000248832 - 9783800730926 ; , s. 908-915
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In maritime surveillance, supporting operators’ situation awareness is a very important issue for enabling the possibility to detect anomalous behaviour. We present a user study which conceptualises knowledge to be implemented in a rulebased application aiming at supporting situation awareness. Participatory observations were used as a method for extracting operators’ knowledge. The result of the user study is in the form of a number of identified rules emerging from organisational factors, group thinking and individual experience. A description of the rule-based prototype is presented a long with the result from the user study. This is also discussed together with the applicability of rule based systems and how to support situation awareness.
|
|
| 7. |
- Nilsson, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Formalising Distributed Cognition into a Tool to Capture Information Fusion Processes
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the second Skövde Workshop on Information Fusion Topics (SWIFT 2008). - Skövde : University of Skövde. - 9789163336973 ; , s. 34-38
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presented research is motivated by the limited ability of current methods to capture the nature of information fusion processes. Fusion processes typically include both humans and technology, hence, there is a need for a new way to analyse such processes. With the aid of distributed cognition, the interaction between decision makers and IF technology can be captured more clearly, and thereby critical bottlenecks can be identified which may require further automation. Application of the tool may advance the research area of information fusion.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- van Laere, Joeri, et al.
(författare)
-
A coordination framework for analysis and improvement of ICT supported distributed work
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the IRIS28. - : IRIS association. - 8271175548 ; , s. 1-19
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Information Systems and related disciplines there are numerous ways how coordination in organizations is defined and conceptualized. We argue that these disciplines and theories need to reach out to each other to develop an integrated understanding of coordination. In this paper we present a coordination framework that helps to analyze and improve coordination of distributed work from such an integrative perspective. In the framework we distinguish 4 main coordination choices for employees at the group level (concerning composition, commitment, contact and content) and 4 related coordination choices for managers at the organizational level (concerning competence, cohesiveness, connection and context). These dimensions enable us to explain why ICT both enhance and complicate coordination of distributed work. Our hypothesis is that ICT has a positive impact on the dimensions of composition and contact and a negative impact on the dimensions of commitment and content. We argue that the success or failure of ICT supported coordination largely depends on how employees and managers apply and use ICT. Consequently a neutral but critical attitude towards ICT support is needed. The validity and usefulness of the framework are shown by reflecting on its appliance in an action research study at the Amsterdam Police Force. We conclude that the coordination framework enables better understanding of coordination problems and improvements and supports a critical discussion of ICT opportunities and ICT threats. Further research will focus on the possibilities of integrating existing coordination theories and on the question how to determine when ICT benefits outweigh ICT costs.
|
|
| 10. |
- van Laere, Joeri, et al.
(författare)
-
A social simulation game to explore future coordination in knowledge networks at the Amsterdam Police Force
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Production planning & control (Print). - : Taylor & Francis. - 0953-7287 .- 1366-5871. ; 17:6, s. 558-568
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 32 autonomous neighbourhood teams of the Amsterdam Police Force need to utilise each other's knowledge and expertise to deal with the variety and complexity of their daily work assignments. However, despite the creation of organisation wide knowledge networks, communication, co-ordination and knowledge sharing between the neighbourhood teams is disappointing. We conducted an action research to investigate how co-ordination in the knowledge networks could be improved with the help of information and communication technologies (ICTs). This article reflects on the choice of co-ordination perspectives and modelling techniques. The above problem is conceptualised and made operational in different ways in research on network co-ordination, knowledge co-ordination and co-ordination of distributed work. The article demonstrates how our initial focus on capturing quantitative measures of the co-ordination problem in a computer simulation was problematic in this case. Instead a social simulation-game that focused on the qualitative issues of this co-ordination problem was developed and played. We conclude that the choice of theoretical perspectives and modelling techniques strongly affected the results of both phases of our action research. Furthermore the article argues that more attention to qualitative issues in co-ordination is required to better understand the impact of ICT-support on co-ordination.
|
|
