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- Chirumalla, Koteshwar, Associate Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Circular Business Models for the Electric Vehicle Battery Second Life : Navigating Battery Ecosystem Actors Towards Circularity
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The electrification of vehicles has become a critical means to achieve climate-neutral transportation. As more electric vehicles (EV) are adopted, an increasing number of lithiumion batteries will be utilized, inevitably experiencing capacity degradation over time. Retaining the value of these retired batteries through remanufacturing, reusing, and repurposing to create a second life holds significant environmental and economic benefits. However, many companies within the battery ecosystem struggle to capitalize on this opportunity due to a lack of business insight and suitable business models tailored to their operational contexts.The ReCreate (Second Life Management of Electric Vehicle Batteries) research project was initiated to address these industrial needs through close collaboration with selected companies in the battery ecosystem. The project aims to define appropriate circular business models, methods, and processes to guide battery ecosystem actors in developing and implementing electric vehicle battery second life solutions, thereby advancing circularity around batteries and climate-neutral objectives. This handbook represents the culmination of three years of research within the ReCreate project. Its purpose is to present a simplified and practical overview of project outcomes across a series of key chapters. Comprising six chapters, the handbook will begin by discussing barriers and enablers, followed by circular business models and battery ecosystem management. It will then delve into design principles and performance monitoring guidelines, concluding with an integrated framework for second life and circular solutions for EV batteries. Each chapter briefly presents the main findings of the theme and concludes with discussion questions. The discussion questions include suggestions for relevant templates for workshops, and all templates are conveniently provided in the appendix for practical application. These templates serve as boundary objects, offering a starting point for internal and external cross-functional and cross-organizational dialogues within the electric vehicle battery ecosystem. They facilitate discussions and collaborations among various stakeholders, fostering alignment and synergy in developing circular business models for the second life of EV batteries. By facilitating reflection on current business strategies, needs, and pain points, the handbook aims to aid in the definition of future second life business strategies. We anticipate that this handbook will serve as a valuable resource for actors within the EV battery ecosystem, supporting their journey towards climate-neutral transportation.
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| 2. |
- Dahlquist, Erik, 1951-
(författare)
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Microbiology of food quality : Challenges in food production and distribution during and after the pandemics
- 2021
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- With consumer awareness increasing, the importance of the environmental impact of everyday products such as food becomes a major factor for the customer. This awareness was increased with the COVID-19 pandemic. This book introduces green and sustainable food technology and its use during a pandemic. In addition, it covers current topics such as future food processing, methods of maintaining industrial hygiene and microbiological quality and safety. Circular economy approach to food technology. Focus on green and innovative methods for food production. Investigates the handling of food production, food chain, deliveries and quality during a pandemic.
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| 3. |
- Foskolos, Georgios, 1976-
(författare)
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Current harmonic modeling of aggregated electric vehicle loads in the low voltage grid
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The proliferation of Electric Vehicles (EVs) poses new challenges for the Distribution System Operator (DSO). For example, the rectifiers that are used for charging EV batteries could significantly influence Power Quality (PQ), in terms of harmonic distortion. The emissions from individual EV, are well regulated by current harmonic emission standards. But what the aggregation of multiple EV loads will look like is still uncertain and the research being made in this area is still in its early stage. The DSO responsibilities include ensuring grid code compliance confirmed by PQ metering. In general, 10 minute RMS values are sufficient. However, the large scale integration of non-linear loads, like EVs, could lead to new dynamic phenomena, possibly lost in the process of time aggregation.In this thesis PQ and, in more detail, the concept of harmonics, and how this is related to EVs, is presented. A current-harmonic load model using power exponential functions and built from actual measurement data during the individual charging of four different fully electric vehicles was constructed. The model was based on individual emitted current harmonics as a function of state of charge (SOC), and was used to deterministically simulate the simultaneous charging of six vehicles fed from the same bus. The aggregation of current harmonics up to the 11th was simulated while randomizing battery SOC, the start of charging, and the kind of vehicle. Additionally, an investigation of the impact on aggregation in time was conducted.The analysis clearly shows the importance of phase angle information, its correlation to SOC, and how the aggregation of EV loads is influenced by these factors. The analysis also shows that 10 minute RMS aggregation could lead to significant deviations from the “actual” (200ms) data. This indicates that 10 minute value monitoring could lead to information losses.
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| 4. |
- Kyprianidis, Konstantinos, et al.
(författare)
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On-line Powerplant Control using Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy : OPtiC-NIRS, REPORT 2021:746
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) offers rapid on-line analysis of biomass feedstocks and can be utilized for process control of biomass- based combined heat and power plants. Within the OPtiC-NIRS project we have carried out a full-scale on-site testing of different NIRS for online powerplant control at the facilities of Mälarenergi and Eskilstuna Strängnäs Energi och Miljö. The project has been focused on developing and testing robust NIRS soft-sensors for fuel higher heating value and composition (incl. moisture, components such as recycle wood and glass, different type of plastics and ash) and combining them with dynamic models for on-line feed-forward process monitoring and control. Expected benefits include reduced risk of agglomeration and pollutant emissions formation as well as improved production control. A longer-term potential and ambition is to be able to identify the fossil content in municipal waste fuel, which can hopefully be addressed in a follow-up study.
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| 5. |
- Lundström, Lukas, 1980-
(författare)
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Probabilistic Calibration of Building Energy Models : For Scalable and Detailed Energy Performance Assessment of District-Heated Multifamily Buildings
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a global need to reduce energy consumption and integrate a larger share of renewable energy production while meeting expectations for human well-being and economic growth. Buildings have a key role to play in this transition to more sustainable cities and communities.Building energy modeling (BEM) and simulation are needed to gain detailed knowledge ofthe heat flows and parameters that determine the thermal energy performance of a building. Remote sensing techniques have enabled the generation of geometrical representations of existing buildings on the scale of entire cities. However, parameters describing the thermal properties ofthe building envelope and the technical systems are usually not readily accessible in a digitized form and need to be inferred. Further, buildings are complex systems with indoor environmental conditions that vary dynamically under the stochastic influence of weather and occupant behavior and the availability of metering data is often limited. Consequently, robust inference is needed to handle high and time-varying uncertainty and a varying degree of data availability.This thesis starts with investigation of meteorological reanalyses, remote sensing and onsite metering data sources. Next, the developed dynamic and physics-based BEM, consisting of a thermal network and modeling procedures for the technical systems, passive heat gains and boundary conditions, is presented. Finally, the calibration framework is presented, including a method to transform a deterministic BEM into a fully probabilistic BEM, an iterated extended Kalman filtering algorithm and a probabilistic calibration procedure to infer uncertain parameters and incorporate prior knowledge.The results suggest that the proposed BEM is sufficiently detailed to provide actionable insights, while remaining identifiable given a sufficiently informative prior model. Such a prior model can be obtained based solely on knowledge of the underlying physical properties of the parameters, but also enables incorporation of more specific information about the building. The probabilistic calibration approach has the capability to combine evidence from both data and knowledge-based sources; this is necessary for robust inference given the often highly uncertain reality in which buildings operate.The contributions of this thesis bring us a step closer to producing models of existing buildings, on the scale of whole cities, that can simulate reality sufficiently well to gain actionable insights on thermal energy performance, enable buildings to act as active components of the energy system and ultimately increase the operational resilience of the built environment.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Shabani, Masoume, et al.
(författare)
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Techno-economic evaluation of a battery system integrated into a residential grid-connected PV system considering battery degradation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Proceedings. - : Scanditale AB.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stationary battery storages become a promising solution for improving flexibility of renewable energy system to balance the fluctuating of power production and demand. However, each application has a specific operational strategy, consequently a specific dynamic operational profile which leads to a different estimated battery lifetime due to the degradation of battery capacity over its operation in the application. An accurate knowledge about battery lifetime, and battery state of health at different operational conditions is important to ensure a feasible techno-economic assessment. This paper deals with the techno-economic evaluation of a battery system integrated into a residential grid-connected PV system considering two battery models with and without battery degradation. The battery life cycle cost, the self-sufficiency ratio and battery lifetime are analyzed for techno-economic assessment of a residential grid-connected hybrid PV-battery system. The results show that the simulation without battery degradation gives 31.43% lower life cycle cost and 7.4% higher self-sufficiency ratio, compared to the modeling with battery degradation. This proves the importance of battery aging model for assessing a battery integrated into a renewable PV system.
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| 8. |
- Shabani, Masoume
(författare)
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Techno-economic viability of battery storage for residential applications
- 2024
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Battery storage has emerged as a promising solution in various energy systems. However, challenges exist regarding the viability of batteries in practical stationary applications. Factors such as the capital and operational costs, relatively short lifetime, and battery degradation are among crucial factors which have significant impact on battery profitability. To make batteries more viable technology, effective battery management is a necessity. However, there are multiple critical factors which need to be addressed for effective battery utilization and management in real-life applications under dynamic operational conditions.In this thesis, different battery modelling approaches within battery operational management are proposed. Each proposed scenario consists of a set of specific methods for the estimation of battery performance, capacity degradation, remaining useful life, state-of-charge, state-of-health, and state-of- power.Moreover, the study explores strategies for efficient battery utilization to maximize sustained profitability. Accordingly, the study deals with 32 different state-of-charge operating control strategies as well as different charge/discharge rates (low, moderate, high) to evaluate their impact on techno-economic profitability of a battery system in a grid-connected residential application. Moreover, two day-ahead and optimization-based operation scheduling strategies to maximize battery profitability are proposed. Each scenario employs unique approaches to make optimal decisions for optimal battery utilization. The first scenario aims to optimize short-term profitability by prioritizing revenue gains. Conversely, the second scenario proposes a smart strategy capable of making intelligent decisions on a wide range of decision-variables to simultaneously maximize daily revenue and minimize daily degradation costs.The key findings reveal that overlooking or simplifying assumptions about multiple critical aspects of battery behavior led to an improper battery management system in practical applications under dynamic operational conditions. Selecting a proper state-of-charge control strategy positively affects the profitability in which alteration of the allowable SOC window from (40%–90%) to (10%–60%) increase the battery lifetime from 10.2 years to 14 years leading to 31.6% improvement in net present value. The key findings showcase how a smart battery scheduling strategy that strike optimal balance between revenue and degradation achieves impressive profit (18-20 €/kWh/year), short payback (7.5 years), and extended lifespan (12.5 years), contrasting revenue-focused scenarios, ensuring sustained profitability for battery owners in residential applications. The findings offer valuable insights for decision-makers, enabling informed strategic choices and profitable solutions.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Trostén, Torbjörn, 1979-
(författare)
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Energy efficient control of motors and inverters
- 2024
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this licentiate thesis is to research a few key concepts which are important in the development of high efficiency electric drives. The selected research method is quantitative, the raw data have been collected from real world measurements, both from powerlab and from train. The data is analysed and the results are presented in the thesis and associated papers.The paper in this thesis describes and evaluates the impact of SiC MOSFET inverters on the traction drive. Furthermore, the papers go into depth about losses within the traction drive and how the electromagnetic noise depends on both the inverter switching frequency and pulse width modulation method. In the papers, results from low fidelity models of both losses and noise are presented, these models offer greater insight into the mechanism behind both losses and electromagnetic noise. Understanding how the motor harmonic losses depends on the current distribution in conductors, can contribute to improved designs of both motors and inverters. An understanding of how electromagnetic noise increases when voltage harmonics coincide with the mechanical modes of resonance of the electric motor, can further contribute to improved designs of both inverters and motors.The thesis concludes that when SiC based MOSFETs inverters makes its debut into everyday trains, we can expect significant increases in energy efficiency as well as significantly reductions in electromagnetic noise.
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