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- Grandin, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Allozyme variation at a PGI locus in differently aged populations of Moehringia trinervia (Caryophyllaceae) in a successional area
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051. ; 22:3, s. 303-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We studied genetic effects of the colonisation process during primary succession by analysing allozyme variation at a PGI locus in differently aged populations of Moehringia trinervia, which is a selfing annual with low dispersal ability. The populations studied come from islands and shores created in the 1880s by a drop in the water table of a Swedish lake and from old parts of a large island and of the mainland. The population age is known from five vegetation analyses over a century. We have also analysed the genetic composition of M. trinervia derived from seeds in the soil. Mainland populations had a higher genetic diversity than island populations that were little differentiated and differed genetically from the mainland populations. There was no temporal trend in the distribution of genetic variation on the new islands. The presence of alleles in the extant populations was associated with the proportion of that allele in the seed bank, indicating a main recruitment from the seed bank and not by repeated immigrations. We suggest that some of the new islands were colonised by a few early founders from the mainland. Later colonisation has occurred between adjacent islands, which preserves the founder effect and could explain the uniform, low genetic variation in the island populations
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| 2. |
- Gustafsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic differentiation and habitat preference of flowering-time variants within Gymnadenia conopsea
- 2003
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Ingår i: Heredity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-067X .- 1365-2540. ; 91, s. 284-292
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using fast-evolving microsatellites, more slowly evolving ITS markers and performing habitat analyses, we demonstrated a drastic genetic divergence and significant habitat differentiation between early- and late-flowering variants of plants morphologically belonging to Gymnadenia conopsea ssp conopsea. The two phenological variants can either be found in separate or in mixed populations. Information from microsatellite markers and ITS sequences indicated the occurrence of an early historical split between the two flowering-time variants, a split that has been maintained until the present time even within sympatric populations. Early-flowering variants were also far more genetically diverse, had more alleles per microsatellite locus and a wider habitat amplitude than late-flowering variants. As a comparison, we included G. odoratissima in the sequencing study. We found G. odoratissima to be most closely related to the early-flowering type. This indicates a more ancient divergence event between the two flowering-time variants within G. conopsea ssp conopsea than between the two different species G. odoratissima and the early-flowering variant of G. conopsea. Possible explanations to the results arrived at and possible mechanisms maintaining the genetic separation are discussed.
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| 3. |
- Lönn, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Gene diversity and demographic turnover in central and peripheral populations of the perennial herb, Gypsophila fastigiata
- 2002
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Ingår i: Oikos. - : Wiley. - 0030-1299 .- 1600-0706. ; 99:3, s. 489-498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within-population gene diversity (HS) was estimated (using allozyme markers) for 16 populations of the perennial, outcrossing plant, Gypsophila fastigiata, on the Baltic island of Öland. The populations were characterized by data on extent, density, life-stages, and habitat diversity. Populations were classed as central or peripheral in relation to the distribution of “alvar” (habitats with shallow, calcareous soils on limestone bedrock) on southern Öland. Three minimal adequate models were used to explain HS and the proportions of juveniles and dead adults. In the first model, HS was significantly lower in peripheral populations and there were no significant additional effects of other explanatory variables. The lower diversity in peripheral populations can be explained by a combination of genetic drift (in populations that vary in size in response to habitat fragmentation) and lower levels of interpopulation gene flow than in central populations. In the two life-stage models, peripheral populations had significantly larger proportions of both juveniles and dead adults – indicating a greater demographic turnover than in the central populations. There were also significant effects of HS and species diversity on the proportion of juveniles. The central or peripheral position of populations is the strongest predictor of both within-population gene diversity and life-stage dynamics in Öland G. fastigiata.
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| 4. |
- Prentice, Honor C, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in allozyme frequencies in Festuca ovina populations after a 9-year nutrient/water experiment
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0022-0477 .- 1365-2745. ; 88:2, s. 331-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1 The grass Festuca ovina is an important constituent of the species-rich 'alvar' grasslands on the Baltic island of Oland. Levels of allozyme polymorphism are high and variation is known to be correlated with habitat variation (soil moisture, pH and depth). 2 A 9-year field experiment on species diversity provided replicate plots (in three sites) that had been subjected to six different experimental treatments (control; N + P + K; P + K; N + K; K; water). 3 Samples of F. ovina were collected and analyses of deviance were used to investigate associations between allele frequencies, at each of four polymorphic loci, and the nutrient/water treatments. We also used the models to estimate predicted values for the alleles in different nutrient/water treatments and in interactions involving the nutrient/water treatments and additional explanatory variables (vegetation height and clipping). 4 There were significant allozyme frequency differences between samples of F. ovina from the six different nutrient/water treatments in the grassland experiment. Frequencies in the fertilized or watered plots had diverged from those in the control plots. There were also significant allele-habitat associations (after the removal of site effects), especially at the Pgi-2 locus. 5 Soil moisture was the only variable that was common to this study and an earlier study of variation in F. ovina in natural habitats. In natural populations, the Pgi-2-2 allele was significantly associated with soil moisture and was more common in dry habitats. Our findings that the frequency of the Pgi-2-2 allele was significantly affected by the nutrient/water treatments, and that it was rarest in the treatment that involved the addition of extra water, were therefore as predicted. 6 The study supports the conclusion, from an earlier study of populations in unmanipulated grassland habitats, that selection is contributing to the fine-scale patterning of genetic variation in the alvar populations of F. ovina.
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