| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Hansen, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Svenska flygplatser och marginalkostnadsprissättning
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report is commissioned by the Swedish Civil Aviation Authority. The aim is to update the knowledge regarding the price relevant costs of aviation. We distinguish between marginal costs caused by airport activities and those caused by the external effects of pollution and noise. The review shows that vital data is missing regarding the activities and effects of aviation in order to perform solid marginal cost calculations. In the report we have calculated approximative values for two types of airplanes. Marginal costs related to airport services are divided into those related to passenger services and those related to congestion services. We conclude that the Swedish charges are at least twice as high as marginal costs. We do, however, lack any estimation of the congestion-related marginal costs. Regarding the external effects, today's charges concerning the landing and take-off cycle are sufficient although partly mischarged since they only reflect NOx-emissions. Moreover it should be examined if emissions during flying should be charged or not. The conclusion of this report is that more research is needed in this area. This concerns studies dealing with Swedish airports as well as making cost data publicly available.
|
|
| 4. |
- Jegermalm, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Caregiving and volunteering among older people in Sweden - prevalences and profiles
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Aging & Social Policy. - : Haworth Press. - 0895-9420 .- 1545-0821. ; 21:4, s. 352-373
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the role of older people in Swedish society by exploring the prevalence of their informal caregiving and volunteering and by analyzing the profiles of these contributors of unpaid work. Data were collected by means of telephone interviews in a Swedish representative survey conducted in 2005. Our analysis reveals three distinct profiles of people involved in unpaid activities. One of these consists of those involved both in informal helpgiving and volunteering, a group that has been labeled “super helpers” or “doers” in earlier research. It is important for social policy planners to recognize these groups of older people and better understand the dynamics of their unpaid work in order to ascertain whether they might need support as providers and to enhance their well-being. There does not seem to be any simple contradiction between the parallel existence of a universal welfare model of the Swedish kind and an extensive civil society in which older people play important roles as active citizens.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Jegermalm, Magnus
(författare)
-
Informal Care in Sweden : a Typology of Care and Caregivers
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Social Welfare. - : Wiley. - 1369-6866 .- 1468-2397. ; 15:4, s. 332-343
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study describes and analyses the types of informal care provided in Sweden and whether it is possible to distinguish different types of carers. Data were collected in a Swedish county in 2000, by means of telephone interviews. The net sample consisted of 2,697 individuals 18–84 years old, and the response rate was 61 per cent. The results showed that there were large differences in the numbers of male and female carers when the data were divided into a typology of care categories based on different caring tasks. Women were much more likely than men to be involved at the ‘heavy end’ of caring, i.e. providing personal care in combination with a variety of other caring tasks. Men were more likely to provide some kind of practical help for a mother or a neighbour/friend. Even though the Swedish welfare state has been described as universal and characterised by an extensive system of benefits and services intended to cover the entire population, the results here indicate that informal care plays an important role and that the gender role patterns are similar to those observed in other types of welfare state. When discussing support systems it is important for social policy to develop programmes that take into account the support needs of both caregivers and care recipients, and not to see their needs in isolation from the social care system as a whole
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
- Jegermalm, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
-
Patterns of informal help- and caregiving in Sweden: A Thirteen-year perspective
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Social Policy and Administration. - : Wiley. - 0144-5596 .- 1467-9515. ; 43:7, s. 681-701
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses informal help and caregiving in Sweden with a focus on the scope and trends of change over time. The discussion is based on the results of three national surveys and of one survey conducted in the county of Stockholm. The results indicated that informal help and caregiving was common throughout the period under study. In the 1990s, the figures were fairly stable, while from the late 1990s to 2005 there seems to have been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of such support. Two interpretative perspectives are used to discuss this pattern. One locates its point of departure in recent welfare state changes and in the substitution argument, according to which cuts in welfare services put more pressure on people to provide informal help and care. The second perspective relates to the present debate on civil society and to its possible role in contemporary society. According to the civil society perspective, an increase in the prevalence of informal help and caregiving might be interpreted as an expression of growing civic involvement 'in its own right', without a straightforward and simple relationship to changes in the welfare state. It is argued in the article that the two frames of interpretation should not be viewed as mutually exclusive, but rather that they represent two partly complementary approaches to the understanding of the complex dynamics of unpaid work in contemporary Swedish society.
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson, Sverker
(författare)
-
Constraining the time when language evolved
- 2006
-
Ingår i: The Evolution of Language: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on the Evolution of Language.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The precise timing of the emergence of language in human prehistory cannot be resolved. But the available evidence is sufficient to constrain it to some degree. This is a review and synthesis of the available evidence, leading to the conclusion that the time when speech became important for our ancestors can be constrained to be not less than 500,000 years ago, thus excluding several popular theories involving a late transition to speech.
|
|
