| 1. |
- A. Alkhamisi, Mahdi, et al.
(författare)
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A Monte Carlo Study of Recent Ridge Parameters
- 2007
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Ingår i: Communications in statistics. Simulation and computation. - 0361-0918 .- 1532-4141. ; 36:3, s. 535-547
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Abbaneo, Chiara, et al.
(författare)
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UML based reverse engineering for the verification of railway control logics
- 2007
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International Conference on Dependability of Computer Systems, DepCoS-RELCOMEX 2006. - : IEEE. - 0769525652 - 9780769525655 ; , s. 3-10
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is widely used as a high level object oriented specification language. In this paper we present a novel approach in which reverse engineering is performed using UML as the modelling language used to achieve a representation of the implemented system. The target is the core logic of a complex critical railway control system, which was written in an application specific legacy language. UML perfectly suited to represent the nature of the core logic, made up by concurrent and interacting processes, using a bottom-up approach and proper modeling rules. Each process, in fact, was strictly related to the management of a physically (resp. logically) well distinguished railway device (resp. functionality). The obtained model deeply facilitated the static analysis of the logic code, allowing for at a glance verification of correctness and compliance with higher-level specifications, and opened the way to refactoring and other formal analyses. © 2006 IEEE.
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| 3. |
- Achterberg, A., et al.
(författare)
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Detection of atmospheric muon neutrinos with the IceCube 9-string detector
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-7998. ; 76:2, s. 027101-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The IceCube neutrino detector is a cubic kilometer TeV to PeV neutrino detector under construction at the geographic South Pole. The dominant population of neutrinos detected in IceCube is due to meson decay in cosmic-ray air showers. These atmospheric neutrinos are relatively well understood and serve as a calibration and verification tool for the new detector. In 2006, the detector was approximately 10% completed, and we report on data acquired from the detector in this configuration. We observe an atmospheric neutrino signal consistent with expectations, demonstrating that the IceCube detector is capable of identifying neutrino events. In the first 137.4 days of live time, 234 neutrino candidates were selected with an expectation of 211 +/- 76.1(syst)+/- 14.5(stat) events from atmospheric neutrinos.
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| 4. |
- Achterberg, A., et al.
(författare)
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Five years of searches for point sources of astrophysical neutrinos with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology. - 1550-7998. ; 75:10, s. 102001-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the results of a five-year survey of the northern sky to search for point sources of high energy neutrinos. The search was performed on the data collected with the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope in the years 2000 to 2004, with a live time of 1001 days. The sample of selected events consists of 4282 upward going muon tracks with high reconstruction quality and an energy larger than about 100 GeV. We found no indication of point sources of neutrinos and set 90% confidence level flux upper limits for an all-sky search and also for a catalog of 32 selected sources. For the all-sky search, our average (over declination and right ascension) experimentally observed upper limit Phi0=((E/(1 TeV)))gamma·((d Phi)/dE) to a point source flux of muon and tau neutrino (detected as muons arising from taus) is Phinu[sub mu] + [overline nu ][sub mu]0+Phinu[sub tau] + [overline nu ][sub tau]0=11.1× 10-11 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1, in the energy range between 1.6 TeV and 2.5 PeV for a flavor ratio Phinu[sub mu] + [overline nu ][sub mu]0/Phinu[sub tau] + [overline nu ][sub tau]0=1 and assuming a spectral index gamma=2. It should be noticed that this is the first time we set upper limits to the flux of muon and tau neutrinos. In previous papers we provided muon neutrino upper limits only neglecting the sensitivity to a signal from tau neutrinos, which improves the limits by 10% to 16%. The value of the average upper limit presented in this work corresponds to twice the limit on the muon neutrino flux Phinu[sub mu] + [overline nu ][sub mu]0=5.5×10-11 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1. A stacking analysis for preselected active galactic nuclei and a search based on the angular separation of the events were also performed. We report the most stringent flux upper limits to date, including the results of a detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties.
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| 5. |
- Achterberg, A., et al.
(författare)
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Multiyear search for a diffuse flux of muon neutrinos with AMANDA-II
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology. - 1550-7998. ; 76:4, s. 042008-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for TeV-PeV muon neutrinos from unresolved sources was performed on AMANDA-II data collected between 2000 and 2003 with an equivalent live time of 807 days. This diffuse analysis sought to find an extraterrestrial neutrino flux from sources with nonthermal components. The signal is expected to have a harder spectrum than the atmospheric muon and neutrino backgrounds. Since no excess of events was seen in the data over the expected background, an upper limit of E-2 Phi(90%C.L.)< 7.4x10(-8) GeV cm(-2) s(-1) sr(-1) is placed on the diffuse flux of muon neutrinos with a Phi proportional to E-2 spectrum in the energy range 16 TeV to 2.5 PeV. This is currently the most sensitive Phi proportional to E-2 diffuse astrophysical neutrino limit. We also set upper limits for astrophysical and prompt neutrino models, all of which have spectra different from Phi proportional to E-2.
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| 6. |
- Achterberg, A., et al.
(författare)
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Search for neutrino-induced cascades from gamma-ray bursts with AMANDA
- 2007
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - : American Astronomical Society. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 664:1, s. 397-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the neutrino telescope AMANDA-II, we have conducted two analyses searching for neutrino-induced cascades from gamma-ray bursts. No evidence of astrophysical neutrinos was found, and limits are presented for several models. We also present neutrino effective areas which allow the calculation of limits for any neutrino production model. The first analysis looked for a statistical excess of events within a sliding window of 1 or 100 s (for short and long burst classes, respectively) during the years 2001-2003. The resulting upper limit on the diffuse flux normalization times E2 for the Waxman-Bahcall model at 1 PeV is 1.6×10-6 GeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1 (a factor of 120 above the theoretical prediction). For this search 90% of the neutrinos would fall in the energy range 50 TeV to 7 PeV. The second analysis looked for neutrino-induced cascades in coincidence with 73 bursts detected by BATSE in the year 2000. The resulting upper limit on the diffuse flux normalization times E2, also at 1 PeV, is 1.5×10-6 GeV cm-2 s-1 sr-1 (a factor of 110 above the theoretical prediction) for the same energy range. The neutrino-induced cascade channel is complementary to the up-going muon channel. We comment on its advantages for searches of neutrinos from GRBs and its future use with IceCube.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Adamopoulos, Stergios, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of packaging grade papers from recycled raw materials through the study of fibre morphology and composition
- 2007
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Ingår i: Global NEST. International Journal. - : Global NEST Journal. - 1108-4006. ; 9:1, s. 20-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The restrictions in availability of forest-based raw materials along with favourable environmental policies towards alternative sources of raw materials have forced corrugated packaging industry to shift towards recycled paper and other fibre sources such as non-wood and agro-residues. The variability in raw pulp materials with increasing percentages of recycled fibres is a very common technical problem for the corrugated packaging industry worldwide. Corrugating packaging production is facing the challenge to ensure a satisfactory strength of packages despite the increase of recycled paper as the main fibrous component. Sustainable manufacturing of papers of consistent and acceptable quality requests comprehensive characterization of the fibrous components, which are becoming more heterogeneous. Understanding the influence that heterogeneous recycled raw materials have on packaging grade paper properties offers great potential value to the corrugated board and packaging industry.57 linerboards and corrugating medium were selected to represent all the variety of paper grades available on the market at the moment for the production of corrugated board in Spain. The papers were analyzed for their fibre morphology (fibre length, fibre width, lumen diameter, cell wall width and flexibility) and fibre composition (softwood to hardwood and nonwood fibre count and weight) and their strength (compression, bursting and crushing resistance) was evaluated. All the determinations were in accordance with the relevant TAPPI Test Methods. The significant differences found in most of the anatomical characteristics, fibre composition and strength properties among the paper grades reflected the diverse raw materials used for their production as well as their qualitative differences. By means of simple correlation the influence of fibre characteristics and composition on the strength of the papers was determined under two different conditions, at 23 o C and 50% RH and at 20 o C and 90% RH.The results demonstrate that besides the physical-mechanical characterization of packaging grade papers, fibre anatomy and composition can be used successfully as a complementary practical test to predict the performance of papers. The application of the predicting correlations is proposed for the evaluation of the fibre supplies for the packaging industry. An enormous potential for cost reduction can be created by the selection of the most appropriate and inexpensive combination of grade papers for a specific packaging use
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| 9. |
- Adamopoulos, Stergios, et al.
(författare)
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Strength properties of juvenile and mature wood in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)
- 2007
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Ingår i: Wood and Fiber Science. - : Society of Wood Science and Technology. - 0735-6161. ; 39:2, s. 241-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was undertaken to investigate the strength properties of juvenile and mature wood in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.). Wood specimens were prepared from various stem heights, up to 9 m, of five naturally-grown black locust trees, 21-37 years old. Mechanical properties tested included moduli of rupture (MOR) and elasticity (MOE), and pure modulus of elasticity (PMOE) in static bending, stress wave modulus of elasticity (SWMOE) in dynamic strength, axial compression, and toughness. Comparisons between juvenile and mature wood specimens of similar densities (0.667-0.894 g/cm3 and 0.682-0.892 g/cm3, respectively) showed that juvenile wood had a statistically significant lower mean MOR (138.78 N/mm2), MOE (13,936 N/mm2), PMOE (18,125 N/mm2), SWMOE (16,813 N/mm2) and toughness strength (155.25 KJ/m2) than the mature wood (148.29 N/mm2, 14,747 N/mm2, 19,498 N/mm2, 17,635 N/mm2 and 181.27 KJ/m2, respectively). On the contrary, no statistically significant differences were found for the mean strength in axial compression among juvenile (63.75 N/mm2) and mature wood (66.65 N/mm2). Fractured surfaces of juvenile and mature wood specimens in static bending and toughness were classified into the "splintering tension" type of failure, while compression failures were of the "shearing type" according to ASTM D 143-83 standards. Lower strength of juvenile wood in most of the properties examined may be attributed to anatomical and chemical properties rather than density of wood specimens. The adverse influence of juvenile wood on strength properties should be considered for effective management (e.g. longer rotation age and other genetic and forest or plantation management measures that reduce juvenile wood content) and utilization of the species.
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| 10. |
- Adenier, Guillaume, et al.
(författare)
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Fair sampling and rotational invariance in EPR experiments
- 2007
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Ingår i: The Nature of Light: What Are Photons?. - : SPIE. - 9780819468123
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We have previously shown that the use of the fair sampling assumption in EPR experiments could be questioned on the basis of experimental data. We continue our analysis of the data from the optical EPR experimental performed by Weihs et al. in Innsbruck 1997-1998, and we discuss whether a non-rotationally invariant source can account for the experimental results.
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