| 1. |
- Bidgoli, Hassan Haghparast, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-hospital trauma care resources for road traffic injuries in a middle-income country-A province based study on need and access in Iran.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Injury. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 42:9, s. 879-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Access to pre-hospital trauma care can help minimize many of traffic related mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries with high rate of traffic deaths such as Iran. The aim of this study was to assess if the distribution of pre-hospital trauma care facilities reflect the burden of road traffic injury and mortality in different provinces in Iran. METHODS: This national cross-sectional study is based on ecological data on road traffic mortality (RTM), road traffic injuries (RTIs) and pre-hospital trauma facilities for all 30 provinces in Iran in 2006. Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients were used to describe the distributions of RTM/RTIs and pre-hospital trauma care facilities across provinces. Spearman rank-order correlation was performed to assess the relationship between RTM/RTI and pre-hospital trauma care facilities. RESULTS: RTM and RTIs as well as pre-hospital trauma care facilities were distributed unequally between different provinces. There was no significant association between the rate of RTM and RTIs and the number of pre-hospital trauma care facilities across the country. CONCLUSIONS: The distribution of pre-hospital trauma care facilities does not reflect the needs in terms of RTM and RTIs for different provinces. These results suggest that traffic related mortality and morbidity could be reduced if the needs in terms of RTM and RTIs were taken into consideration when distributing pre-hospital trauma care facilities between the provinces.
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| 2. |
- Bonn, Stephanie E., et al.
(författare)
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Body mass index and weight change in men with prostate cancer : progression and mortality
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Netherlands. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 25:8, s. 933-943
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Body mass index (BMI) is a modifiable lifestyle factor that has been associated with an increased risk of fatal prostate cancer and biochemical recurrence. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between the exposure BMI at the time of a prostate cancer diagnosis and weight change after diagnosis, and the outcomes of prostate cancer progression and mortality in a large cohort study. Data from 4,376 men diagnosed with clinically localized prostate cancer between 1997 and 2002 were analyzed. BMI and weight change were self-reported in 2007. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated in complete-case analysis (n = 3,214) using Cox proportional hazards models. Progression was experienced among 639 (14.6 %) of the study participants, and in total, 450 (10.3 %) deaths of any cause and 134 (3.1 %) prostate cancer-specific deaths were recorded during follow-up. Obese men had a 47 % increased rate of overall mortality compared to normal weight men (HR 1.47, 95 % CI 1.03-2.10). No statistically significant associations were found for BMI and prostate cancer progression or prostate cancer-specific mortality. A weight loss > 5 % after diagnosis almost doubled the rate of overall mortality compared to maintaining a stable weight (HR 1.94, 95 % CI 1.41-2.66), while a weight gain > 5 % was associated with an almost doubled increased rate of prostate cancer-specific mortality (HR 1.93, 95 % CI 1.18-3.16). Being obese was associated with an increased rate of overall mortality, and gaining weight after a prostate cancer diagnosis was associated with an increased rate of prostate cancer-specific mortality.
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| 3. |
- Brännström, Åke, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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On the convergence of the Escalator Boxcar Train
- 2013
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Ingår i: SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis. - : Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics (SIAM). - 0036-1429 .- 1095-7170. ; 51:6, s. 3213-3231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Escalator Boxcar Train (EBT) is a numerical method that is widely used in theoretical biology to investigate the dynamics of physiologically structured population models, i.e., models in which individuals differ by size or other physiological characteristics. The method was developed more than two decades ago, but has so far resisted attempts to give a formal proof of convergence. Using a modern framework of measure-valued solutions, we investigate the EBT method and show that the sequence of approximating solution measures generated by the EBT method converges weakly to the true solution measure under weak conditions on the growth rate, birth rate, and mortality rate. In rigorously establishing the convergence of the EBT method, our results pave the way for wider acceptance of the EBT method beyond theoretical biology and constitutes an important step towards integration with established numerical schemes.Read More: http://epubs.siam.org/doi/abs/10.1137/120893215
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| 4. |
- Brännström, Åke, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Rigorous conditions for food-web intervality in high-dimensional trophic niche spaces
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Biology. - : Springerlink. - 0303-6812 .- 1432-1416. ; 63:3, s. 575-592
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Food webs represent trophic (feeding) interactions in ecosystems. Since the late 1970s, it has been recognized that food-webs have a surprisingly close relationship to interval graphs. One interpretation of food-web intervality is that trophic niche space is low-dimensional, meaning that the trophic character of a species can be expressed by a single or at most a few quantitative traits. In a companion paper we demonstrated, by simulating a minimal food-web model, that food webs are also expected to be interval when niche-space is high-dimensional. Here we characterize the fundamental mechanisms underlying this phenomenon by proving a set of rigorous conditions for food-web intervality in high-dimensional niche spaces. Our results apply to a large class of food-web models, including the special case previously studied numerically.
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| 5. |
- Carlsson, Linus, 1972-
(författare)
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An equivalence to the Gleason problem
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-247X .- 1096-0813. ; 370:2, s. 373-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article we study the Gleason problem locally. A new method for solving the Gleason A problem is presented. This is done by showing an equivalent statement to the Gleason A problem. In order to prove this statement, necessary and a sufficient conditions for a bounded domain to have the Gleason A property are found. Also an example of a bounded but not smoothly-bounded domain in C(n) is given, which satisfies the sufficient condition at the origin, and hence has the Gleason A property there.
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| 6. |
- Carlsson, Linus, 1972-
(författare)
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Nebenhülle and the Gleason problem
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society. - : American Mathematical Society (AMS). - 0002-9939 .- 1088-6826. ; 138:1, s. 267-273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Dehghanpour Farashah, Ali, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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The interplay of external punishment and internal rewards : an exploratory study of insurance fraud
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Financial Services Marketing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1363-0539 .- 1479-1846. ; 19:4, s. 253-264
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic theories related to ethical consumer behaviour have for the most part examined the role of external incentives and deterrents, and relatively less focus has been given to the role of internal incentives. This study explores the independent and joint effects of internal rewards and external punishment mechanisms on the likelihood of consumers exhibiting unethical behaviour in insurance fraud (IF) contexts. By utilizing a data set consisting of survey data on over 43 000 consumers across 26 European countries, this study examines the interaction of internal moral values and external deterrents, affecting unethical consumer behaviour. Ordinal regression analysis and binary logistic regression were used to assess the role of internal rewards and external punishment mechanisms in the occurrence of IF. Attitudinal differences towards IF and perceptions of the probability of being caught were used to classify customers and to predict the incidence of IF. Demographic variables were also found to be correlated with IF. Perceptions of ineffectiveness of fraud investigation and detection systems by fraudulent customers significantly influences their likelihood to commit IF.
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| 9. |
- Ekström, Kenneth, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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How to organise transitions between units in preschool : does it matter
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Transitions in Childhood. - Melbourne : The University of Melbourne, Australia. - 1833-2390. ; 4:1, s. 4-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study is, to deepen our understanding of what transitions within a preschool institution mean from the perspective of those involved. The issue is important to focus on, since an overview of research shows, that there are hardly any studies made on transitions within preschools. In the study presented nine preschool teachers were interviewed, representing two preschools differing in approach regarding how the transitions between different units were organised. One of the preschools had “marked” transitions between four units for groups of children strictly based on age. The transitions were perceived as a matter of course, as something natural. The other preschool with only two groups, one for younger children and one for older children, had “smoother” transitions based on individual considerations. Here, the maturity of the individual child was taken into account. In the interpretation of the results, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of the transitions for the people involved, using the concept of rites of passage, two approaches were revealed. The first regarded transitions to be a part of the pedagogy, supporting the natural development of the child, as a rite of passage, leaving one social stage in their life and move over to another. The second saw transitions as necessary due to external factors, trying to attain a pedagogical environment, where transitions were as smooth as possible, with no marked rites of passage, not for the individual, not for the collective.
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| 10. |
- Erlandsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Mothers' experiences of the time after the diagnosis of an intrauterine death until the induction of the delivery : a qualitative Internet-based study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research. - : Wiley. - 1341-8076 .- 1447-0756 .- 0144-3615 .- 1364-6893. ; 37:11, s. 1677-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIM: This study aims to describe how mothers spend the period of time between being diagnosed with a dead baby in utero and the induction of the delivery.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected using a web questionnaire. Five hundred and fifteen women who had experienced a stillbirth after the 22nd week of gestation answered the open question: 'What did you do between the diagnosis of the child's death and the beginning of the delivery?' A qualitative content analysis method was used.RESULTS: The results show that some mothers received help to adapt to the situation, while for others, waiting for the induction meant further stress and additional psychological trauma in an already strained situation.CONCLUSION: There is no reason to wait with the induction unless the parents themselves express a wish to the contrary. Health care professionals, together with the parents, should try to determine the best time for the induction of the birth after the baby's death in utero. That time may vary, depending on the parents' preferences.
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