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- Moore, Alastair J., et al.
(author)
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Unilateral Extrapulmonary Airway Bypass in Advanced Emphysema
- 2010
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In: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0003-4975 .- 1552-6259. ; 89:3, s. 899-906E2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background. Gas trapping in emphysema results in resting and dynamic hyperinflation. We tested the hypothesis that a direct connection between the lung parenchyma and the atmosphere could increase expiratory flow and thereby potentially improve dyspnea through the relief of gas trapping. Methods. Ex vivo we studied 7 emphysematous lungs and 3 fibrotic lungs (as controls) and measured expiratory flow before and after airway bypass insertion during a forced maneuver in an artificial thorax. Pilot studies were conducted in vivo in 6 patients with advanced emphysema using a size 9 endotracheal tube as a bypass surgically placed through the chest wall into the upper lobe. Results. In the ex vivo emphysematous lungs the volume expelled during a forced expiratory maneuver increased from 169 to 235 mL (p < 0.05). In the in vivo group 4 patients retained the bypass tube for 3 months or more; total lung capacity was reduced, and the forced expiratory volume in 1 second increased by 23% (mean percent predicted at baseline versus 3 months, 24.4% versus 29.5%). Conclusions. An extrapulmonary airway bypass increases expiratory flow in emphysema. This may be a useful approach in hyperinflated patients with homogeneous emphysema. (Ann Thorac Surg 2010;89:899-906)
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| 2. |
- Nahlén, Catarina, et al.
(author)
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Coping, sense of coherence and the dimensions of affect in patients with chronic heart failure
- 2010
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In: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing : Journal of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Nursing of the European Society of Cardiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1873-1953 .- 1474-5151. ; 9:2, s. 118-25
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Living with chronic heart failure has an impact on several important dimensions of an individual's life. A patient's use of coping strategies may influence his or her health condition and emotional well-being. AIM: To investigate factors that may relate to the coping strategies used by individuals with chronic heart failure and how the coping strategies are associated with positive and negative affect. METHODS: A cross-sectional research design was used. The participants provided demographic data and filled out three questionnaires: Sense of Coherence scale, Brief COPE and Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule. RESULTS: No differences in relation to coping strategies were found with regard to New York Heart Association class. Substance use was associated with gender and age. Sense of coherence was negatively associated with denial, behavioural disengagement, venting and self-blame, and positively associated with acceptance. It was found that avoidant coping positively and sense of coherence negatively, predicted negative affect. Problem focused coping positively predicted positive affect. Socially supported coping predicted both negative and positive affect. CONCLUSION: The present study found that the employment of different coping strategies and sense of coherence had an impact on affect and therefore also the emotional well-being among patients with chronic heart failure.
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| 3. |
- Georgsson Öhman, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Effect of first-trimester ultrasound screening for Down syndrome on maternal-fetal attachment : a randomized controlled trial
- 2010
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In: Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 1:3, s. 85-90
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: The objective was to investigate how ultrasound screening for Down syndrome (DS) in the first trimester, compared with a routine ultrasound examination in the second trimester, affected Maternal–Fetal Attachment (MFA) in mid-pregnancy. Method: This study of 2026 pregnant women was a sub-study of a larger RCT aiming at evaluating the effect of fetal screening for Down syndrome (DS) by means of an ultrasound scan, including measuring fetal nuchal translucency in gestational weeks 12–14. Women were randomly allocated either to the intervention or to a control group where routine care with an ultrasound scan in gestational week 17–20 was offered. Data were collected by questionnaires before randomization and in gestational week 24. MFA was measured by a modified version of the Cranley Maternal–Fetal Attachment Scale (CMFAS). Results: The mean score of MFA was 3.50 in the intervention group and 3.44 in the control group (p = 0.04). The mean scores on all subscales were slightly higher in the intervention group, but only statistically significant regarding “Differentiation of self from fetus” (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Ultrasound screening for DS in the first trimester may have a modest positive effect on MFA in mid-pregnancy, compared with a ultrasound scan in the second trimester.
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| 4. |
- Rådestad, Ingela
(author)
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Fetal movements in the third trimester : important information about wellbeing of the fetus
- 2010
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In: Sexual & Reproductive HealthCare: Official Journal of the Swedish Association of Midwives. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-5756 .- 1877-5764. ; 1:4, s. 119-121
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- It can be quite natural for pregnant women to believe that a decrease in the frequency of fetal movements at the end of pregnancy is normal if they have been so informed. There is also probably scope for interpretation concerning what is to be regarded as a decrease in the number of movements. Non-evidence-based information that a decrease in fetal movements is normal during the third trimester poses a threat to the unborn baby's life. If the mother does not react to a decrease in frequency and if she waits too long before contacting healthcare professionals, the window of opportunity to save the baby's life may be closed.
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