| 1. |
- Antonson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Turistvägar och näringsutveckling : trafikantupplevelser och planeringskriterier
- 2007
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- VTI and the Norwegian Institute of Transport Economics (TØI) have at the request of the Swedish Road Administration carried out a research and development project concerning tourist routes in Sweden. The project was done in two parts, one literature study with examples of how other countries work with tourist routes and one field study about the opinions of visitors and business operators along two Swedish tourist routes (the present publication). The two tourist routes which have been studied are Tourist Route Gränna-Ödeshög-Rök in the Counties of Jönköping and Östergötland, and Tourist Route Kullaberg in the County of Skåne. The study of the experiences of the business operators, the visitors' willingness to pay and a deepened analysis of the landscape was only done along the Gränna route. As for the experiences of the visitors the data for the two Swedish tourist routes have been compared with similar data from a Norwegian tourist route, Tourist Route Sognefjell.
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| 2. |
- Anund, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of driving situation on sleepiness indicators after sleep loss : A driving simulator study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Industrial Health. - : National Institute of Industrial Health. - 0019-8366 .- 1880-8026. ; 47:4, s. 393-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Almost all studies of sleepy driving are carried out in driving simulators and with monotonous road conditions (no interaction with other cars). The present study investigated indicators of sleepy driving in a more challenging scenario after a night awake. 17 participants drove a high fidelity moving base driving simulator experiment while sleepiness was monitored physiologically and behaviourally. Short periods of situations of free driving (no other vehicles) alternated with short periods of following another vehicle (car following) with and without the possibility to overtake. The result showed that a night of prior sleep loss increased sleepiness levels at the wheel (eye closure duration and lateral variability) compared to after a night of normal sleep. Blink duration while overtaking was significantly lower compared to the other situations, it was at the same level as after night sleep. Speed when passing a stopped school bus was not significantly affected by sleepiness. However the warning caused a more rapid reduction of speed. In conclusion, a moderately challenging driving contest did not affect sleepiness indicators, but a very challenging one did so (overtaking). This suggests that it is important to monitor the driving situation in field operational tests of sleepy driving.
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| 3. |
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson, Anita, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Good sound environment in green areas modify road-traffic noise annoyance at home
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Noise Control 2009 (EURONOISE 2009). - uo : Curran Associates, Inc.. ; , s. 1579-1587
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Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- There has been a growing recognition among noise researchers that natural elements and natural areas of the built environment have potentials to reduce annoyance due to traffic noise. It has been suggested that presence of vegetation (e.g., trees, bushes, grass, flowers) contributes to an aesthetically pleasing environment, which influence overall residential satisfaction and people?s perception of the noise. Other expected benefits of natural elements/areas are prevention or modification of adverse effects of work-, personal-, or environmental stress (e.g., noise) through restoration processes. Within the large TVANE-project, the present study examined the effect of green areas (park or similar at walking distance) on noise responses in residential settings (n=468) exposed to road traffic noise (LAeq,24h 45 to 65 dB). A binary multiple logistic regression analysis, with sound exposure as the prime variable assumed to predict general noise annoyance at home, indicated that presence of green areas, a closer distance to it from the subject?s home, and perceived green-area characteristics (good sound environment, high attractiveness and potentials for recreational activities) significantly lowered noise annoyance. The results suggest that the exposure-response relationship between noise and annoyance is influenced by access to nearby green areas provided that they have good environmental quality, particularly regarding the perceived sound environment
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| 4. |
- Lützhöft, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Fatigue at sea : a field study in Swedish shipping
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to collect data about the fatigue level of bridge watch keepers to use for revising earlier sleep models, and devise innovative solutions for the shipping industry. Data collection included interviews with shipping companies and a field study onboard 13 cargo vessels. 32 participants took part in representing two watch systems; 2-watch and 3-watch. Subjective sleepiness and stress estimations were performed once every hour. Electrooculography was used to record eye movement behaviour. Reaction time test was made to examine performance. 3-watch participants are more satisfied with their working hours and working situation. Tendencies indicate that 2-watch participants are a bit more tired, whereas the stress is the same. All are less sleepy and less stressed at home. Time on shift had effect on sleepiness. The highest Karolinska Sleepiness Scale scores were recorded in the late night and early morning. After night shift the reaction times have higher variance and more long reaction times are present. The mean value after night shift was significantly higher than after day shift. All thirteen shipping agreed that officers on the bridge always have tasks sensitive to fatigue but no company experienced fatigue as a problem during normal conditions. All were positive to monitoring devices, mentioning safety matters.
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| 5. |
- Robertson, Kerstin
(författare)
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Data collection mechanism (DCM)
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this Data Collection mechanism (DCM) is to support the data collection activity in the DELTA project. All data and information will be stored into a structured Knowledge base which will then be used for the classification of cities and mobility schemes, as well as the definition of a Decision Support Instrument (DSI). The DCM includes information about the type and structure of the selected variables (the data and information to be collected), the data templates, the validation of the variables, the data sources, and the data collection process.
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| 6. |
- Robertson, Kerstin
(författare)
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Knowledge base of regions with seasonal varying demand profiles
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This document describes the work carried out for developing the Knowledge Base in WP 2, Task 2.5 Development of a Knowledge Base of cities with seasonal demand. Data was delivered from Task 2.3 (IR2.1 Data collection report from participating regions) and Task 2.4 (IR2.2 Data collection report from additional regions). The knowledge database is delivered in an MS Access (2003 or 2007) file, which is provided as an Annex to this report and can be downloaded from the website of the project (www.delta-project.eu). The development of the Knowledge Base was carried out by VTI.
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| 7. |
- Schandersson, Rein
(författare)
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Färdtjänstresor i samband med dagvård och daglig verksamhet i Lidköpings kommun
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2003, the municipality of Lidköping commisioned VTI to carry out an investigation of trips in connection with daily care and daily activities for disabled persons and propose improvements that can contribute to better fulfilment of decided goals. The investigation focused on conditions related to how trips are carried out, the governing rules and the practical consequences of the rules. Data and statistics on trips were supplied by Västtrafik, the provider of the mobility services. Most of the investigation was devoted to on-site interviews with staff involved in daily activities, daily care or accommodation. The supervisors for the seven home care areas were also interviewed - in most cases by phone.
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| 8. |
- Stave, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Risk and safety communication in small enterprises : how to support a lasting change towards work safety priority
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 11:1, s. 195-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The frequency of occupational accidents in Swedish farming is high. An intervention methodology aimed at influencing safety attitudes and behaviour was previously tested. The aims of the present study were to evaluate long‐term effects of the intervention and to assess these results in relation to a randomly selected comparison group.The intervention was based on regular group discussions, focusing on dialogue and reflection in networks for social support. Eighty‐eight farmers and farm workers, divided into nine groups, participated. Each group gathered on seven occasions during one year, assisted by a process consultant, supporting safety communication and the change process. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the effects. The long‐term results of the intervention showed that safety activity increased significantly and risk acceptance (fearlessness) and work stress decreased. Measurements were made at T1, T2 and T3, i.e., pre‐, post‐ and long‐term, in the intervention group and at T1 and T3 in the comparison group.The results of the present study showed a long‐term effect of the intervention on safety activity and risk acceptance (fearlessness) in relation to the comparison group. However, the comparison group also showed a decline in work stress, which indicates that the stress reduction may have had other causes than the intervention.
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| 9. |
- Stave, Christina
(författare)
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Safety as a process : From risk perception to safety activity
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The frequency of occupational accidents in the Swedish food industry and agriculture is high. This thesis has therefore explored the 'process of safety' in order to detect and analyse factors that either hinder or facilitate safety activity and to further develop intervention methods towards increased safety activity. The first study was based on in-depth interviews with 54 injured food-industry operators and their supervisors, exploring preconditions of accidents, using the qualitative method of grounded theory. Results showed that the accidents were embedded in the "normal" in which the accidents occurred without any warning. Preconditions of accidents were technical and organisational deficiencies such as insufficient communication and learning, high responsibility in combination with low control, conflicting goals, and a gap between procedures and practice. These factors influenced the safety culture toward risk acceptance and a normalisation of accidents. The second study tested a hypothetical model of the casual relationship between risk perception and safety activity as well as risk acceptance. Results were based on a cross-sectional questionnaire exploring the attitudes towards risk and safety of 315 farmers and farm workers. The results mainly confirmed two paths, one mediated by risk manageability and one by work stress, which counteracted each other The third study was an evaluation of a safety intervention methodology based on group discussions with three levels of structure. Eighty-eight farmers and farm workers divided into 9 groups gathered on seven occasions during one year. A pre-post questionnaire was used to evaluate the effects. The results showed a significant increase in safety activity. Stress as well as risk acceptance were reduced, but risk perception and perceived risk manageability did not change. The fourth study evaluated the process of the intervention. Results indicated good feasibility of the method. The social network was stated to be most beneficial and a time span was needed. The conclusions of the thesis were that the process of safety might benefit from reflecting and discussing incident experiences, detecting hindrances/facilitators to safety. Risk acceptance and normalisation of accidents may be influenced by focusing on work stress and the priority of safety, supporting a participative process of change with an honest climate.
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