| 1. |
- Agrell, Erik, 1965
(författare)
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Kryptovalutor – energiförbrukning och miljöeffekter
- 2023
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Ingår i: En samhällsvetenskaplig introduktion till bitcoin och kryptovalutor.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta kapitel fokuserar på bitcoins elförbrukning och även, i ett bredare perspektiv, annan miljöpåverkan. Efter en kort inledning i avsnitt 4.1 redovisas i avsnitt 4.2 några försök att uppskatta hur stor elförbrukningen egentligen är, och vilka källor till osäkerhet som finns i sådana uppskattningar. Motsvarande uppskattning av klimatskadliga utsläpp redovisas i avsnitt 4.3. Siffrorna sätts i perspektiv med några jämförelser i avsnitt 4.4. Utvecklingen över tid illustreras i avsnitt 4.5 och därmed kopplingen till bitcoinpriset. Miljöfrågan breddas till ett livscykelperspektiv i avsnitt 4.6, där produktion och skrotning av den specialtillverkade elektronik som används i bitcoinfabrikerna diskuteras. I avsnitt 4.7 ställs sedan den naturliga frågan: Vad finns det för alternativ? Kapitlet avslutas med några övergripande reflektioner i avsnitt 4.8.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Economic interests cloud hazard reductions in the European regulation of substances of very high concern
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we investigate how the conflicts between hazard reduction and economic interests have shaped the regulation of substances of very high concern (SVHCs) under the Authorization program of the European chemical regulation Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH). Since regulation starts with listing SVHCs on the Candidate List, we analyze the relative importance of toxicological properties, economic motivations, and available scientific knowledge on the probability of inclusion on the Candidate List. We find that the most important factor in whether a substance is listed is whether it is being produced in, or imported into, the European Economic Area (EEA), with the regulators less likely to place a substance on the list if it is currently being produced or imported in the EEA. This evidence suggests that regulators have listed chemicals of secondary importance leading to lesser than anticipated hazard reductions, either because production and imports had already ceased before the listing, or because the compound has never been produced or imported in the EEA at all.
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| 4. |
- Goop, Joel, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of electricity market feedback on investments in solar photovoltaic and battery systems in Swedish single-family dwellings
- 2021
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Ingår i: Renewable Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-1481 .- 1879-0682. ; 163, s. 1078-1091
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The profitability of investments in photovoltaics (PVs) and batteries in private households depends on the market price of electricity, which in turn is affected by the investments made in and the usage of PVs and batteries. This creates a feedback mechanism between the centralised electricity generation system, and household investments in PVs and batteries. To investigate this feedback effect, we connect a local optimisation model for household investments with a European power generation dispatch model. The local optimisation is based on the consumption profiles measured for 2104 Swedish households. The modelling compares three different scenarios for the centralised electricity supply system in Year 2032, as well as several sensitivity cases. Our results show total investment levels of 5–20 GWp of PV and 0.01–10 GWh of battery storage capacity in Swedish households in the investigated cases. These levels are up to 33% lower than before market feedback is taken into account. The profitability of PV investments is affected most by the price of electricity and the assumptions made regarding grid tariffs and taxes. The value of investments in batteries depends on both the benefits of increased self-consumption of PV electricity and market arbitrage.
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| 5. |
- Onufrey, Ksenia, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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Transformation in a mature industry: The role of business and innovation strategies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Technovation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0166-4972 .- 1879-2383. ; 105:July 2021
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates how business and innovation strategies explain companies' responses to transformational pressures in a mature industry. The analytical framework combines two perspectives on business and innovation strategies: competitive position and resource position. Based on an embedded case study of eight companies in the Swedish pulp and paper industry, the paper contributes to previous innovation literature by connecting companies' innovation responses to their business and innovation strategies. Most notably, it reveals a new type of ambidextrous innovation strategy, i.e. “market-driven exploitation”, and shows that the responses by incumbent companies in the pulp and paper industry are the result of deliberate and justifiable strategic choices rather than path dependency and inertia. The study also confirms the value of integrating the two perspectives on strategy. On the one hand, the explanations provided by each perspective overlap with the other, so that they together provide a more nuanced understanding of the companies’ choices and activities. On the other hand, the perspectives complement each other, so that one perspective explains observations that cannot be explained by the other. The results of the paper inform both managers and policy makers about the trade-offs involved in changing a strategic direction while retaining core capabilities.
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| 6. |
- Söderholm, Patrik, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The political economy of industrial pollution control : environmental regulation in Swedish industry for five decades
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0964-0568 .- 1360-0559. ; 65:6, s. 1056-1087
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper analyzes the prerequisites for a regulatory-driven transition toward radically lower air and water pollution in industry. This is achieved in the empirical context of the Swedish mining and metals industry, and by investigating the environmental licensing processes during two regulatory systems. The paper derives an analytical framework that explores under what circumstances such licensing processes can result in radical emissions reductions without seriously jeopardizing the competitiveness of the industry. Archived material covering six environmental licensing processes, three during each system, is used to illustrate the various design and implementation issues. The results suggest that regulatory-driven green transitions benefit from trust-based bargaining procedures in which companies are involved in repeated interactions with regulatory authorities, and which extended probation periods permit tests of novel abatement technologies (including innovation). The findings also illustrate the importance of abstaining from simplified normative notions about policy instrument choice (e.g. taxes versus standards).
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| 7. |
- Wassie, Yibeltal Tebikew, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of electricity consumption from decentralized solar PV mini-grids in rural East Africa: An econometric analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Energy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-5442. ; 274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of decentralized solar photovoltaic (PV) mini-grids for rural electrification is increasing in developing countries, but little is known about the determinants of electricity consumption of communities electrified through these technologies. This paper examines the factors influencing the electricity consumption of rural households and small businesses electrified by off-grid PV mini-grids based on actual metered load data and a survey of 218 customers in two isolated small towns (Omorate and Tum) in Ethiopia. Empirical analyses were performed using Censored Tobit models. Results showed that the load curves of the two towns have different characteristics and patterns. While the load curve at Omorate is regularly interrupted for 13 h a day due to load-shedding, the mini-grid at Tum generates enough electricity to meet demand. Empirical results showed that electricity consumption of households is significantly associated with household size, income, dwelling type, number of rooms, cooling fans, cooking with electricity and load-shedding. In contrast, the electricity consumption of businesses is strongly linked with income, electricity price, number of rooms, number of cooling fans, refrigerators, number of other (productive use) appliances, and load-shedding/location. The findings suggest three key points. First, electricity demand of rural households and businesses is influenced by separate but interconnected sets of factors. Second, supply-side factors, appliance factors, type of end-use of electricity and location -specific factors influence demand more than income and price factors. Third, mini-grid policy making and dimensioning in rural East Africa must take into account the differing electricity demands and determinants across customer groups and locations.
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| 8. |
- Stoddard, Isak, et al.
(författare)
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Three Decades of Climate Mitigation: Why Haven't We Bent the Global Emissions Curve?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Annual Review of Environment and Resources. - : Annual Reviews. - 1543-5938 .- 1545-2050. - 9780824323462 ; 46, s. 653-689
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite three decades of political efforts and a wealth of research on the causes and catastrophic impacts of climate change, global carbon dioxide emissions have continued to rise and are 60% higher today than they were in 1990. Exploring this rise through nine thematic lenses-covering issues of climate governance, the fossil fuel industry, geopolitics, economics, mitigation modeling, energy systems, inequity, lifestyles, and social imaginaries-draws out multifaceted reasons for our collective failure to bend the global emissions curve. However, a common thread that emerges across the reviewed literature is the central role of power, manifest in many forms, from a dogmatic political-economic hegemony and influential vested interests to narrow techno-economic mindsets and ideologies of control. Synthesizing the various impediments to mitigation reveals how delivering on the commitments enshrined in the Paris Agreement now requires an urgent and unprecedented transformation away from today's carbon- and energy-intensive development paradigm.
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| 9. |
- Jacobsson, Staffan, 1951, et al.
(författare)
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Technological discontinuities and the climate transition in Europe: The role of policy in two traditions of economic thinking
- 2021
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Ingår i: The European Union and the Technology Shift. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. 57-83
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter discusses how different analytical perspectives affect what policy interventions are deemed warranted and effective in supporting the industrial transformation required to reach climate neutrality. The development of wind and solar power over the last 40 years gives hope and provides useful examples of successful policies. However, the European Commission has for long opposed many of these policies, due to a narrow focus on market failures and static cost efficiency derived from a neoclassical economics perspective. Recent documents in the EU indicate a new focus on innovation and industrial change, which may enhance the EU's ability to lead the climate transition. For this, a broader analytical perspective is required, such as the technological innovation systems approach, which stresses dynamic long-term efficiency, acknowledges the need for technology-specific policies, including market formation, and uses system weaknesses as guide to policy intervention.
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| 10. |
- Holm, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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The Relationship Between the SPS-Conferences and the Six Industrial Challenge Areas Within Produktion2030
- 2024
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Ingår i: Sustainable Production through Advanced Manufacturing, Intelligent Automation and Work Integrated Learning. - : IOS Press. - 9781643685106 - 9781643685113 ; , s. 490-501
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, the 206 papers published at the Swedish Production Symposium (SPS) conferences in 2018, 2020, and 2022 have been analyzed, primarily focusing their relationship to the six industrial challenges identified by Produktion2030. Based on the analysis, ten in-depth interviews with representatives from the Swedish Production Academy (SPA) and industry have been done. These interviews have reflected on the analysis of the papers from the SPS conferences as well as progress during the years of the SPS conferences. The emergence and implementation of the SPS conferences have a similar time span as the Vinnova program Produktion2030. The analysed papers indicate that the focus and development directions of the two have been similar, but not completely overlapping. The close collaboration between academia and industry in Swedish production research is clearly shown by the papers and indicated through an alignment with the industrial challenges indicated by Produktion2030. Of all the papers, 2/3 clearly state such collaboration, and the interviews indicate that the extent of the collaboration is even more extensive than that. The findings from the analysis also include the distribution of research funders involved, gender distribution among authors, and where they are from. Two findings that stand out are the need to more clearly state funding bodies for the published research and to also state more clearly in the papers how, in what way, and with whom the researchers collaborated.
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