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- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing
- 2022
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This open access book provides insight on how to interpret capability in ageing – one’s individual ability to perform actions in order to reach goals one has reason to value – from a multidisciplinary approach. With for the first time in history there being more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there are children below the age of 5, the book describes this demographic trends as well as the large global challenges and important societal implications this will have such as a worldwide increase in the number of persons affected with dementia, and in the ratio of retired persons to those still in the labor market. Through contributions from many different research areas, it discussed how capability depends on interactions between the individual (e.g. health, genetics, personality, intellectual capacity), environment (e.g. family, friends, home, work place), and society (e.g. political decisions, ageism, historical period). The final chapter by the editors summarizes the differences and similarities in these contributions. As such this book provides an interesting read for students, teachers and researchers at different levels and from different fields interested in capability and multidisciplinary research.
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| 2. |
- Robinson, Yohan, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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AI och framtidens försvarsmedicin
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Medicinskt legitimerad personal är, och kommer med stor sannolikhet fortsattatt vara, en knapp resurs inom Försvarsmaktens sjukvårdsorganisation. I denna rapport ges en översikt över pågående och planerade ansatser baserade påartificiell intelligens (AI) inom akutsjukvård med särskild tonvikt på omhändertagandet av traumapatienter, där lösningarna skulle kunna bidra till att Försvarsmakten kan bibehålla sin sjukvårdskapacitet i kritiska lägen. Rapporten är ett resultat av samarbetet mellan FM, FOI, FMV, FHS och KI, och vänder sig i första hand till Försvarsmaktens strategiska ledning.Användningen av AI-teknik i framtida beslutsstöd kan skapa nya möjligheter till avlastning av personal och resurseffektivisering. Tekniken ger möjligheter att i realtid samla in, bearbeta och analysera stora mängder blandadinformation om förbands hälsoläge och fysiska stridsvärde. Bedömning av skadade kan t.ex. göras av triagedrönare och den efterföljande evakueringen kanunderlättas av intelligenta autonoma plattformar. Införandet av AI-system ställer dock vårdgivaren inför svåra etiska och medikolegala överväganden.Försvarsmedicin har en central roll i Försvarsmaktens krigföringsförmåga och för samhällets uthållighet. För att nyttja hela AI-teknikens framfart till Försvarsmaktens nytta måste dess innebörd och konsekvens för försvarsmedicinen förstås. Därför rekommenderar denna studie att Försvarsmaktens framtida satsningar inom AI och autonomi inkluderar den försvarsmedicinska teknikutveckling som är beskriven i denna rapport.
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| 3. |
- Falk Erhag, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2022
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Ingår i: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Capability in Age and Ageing. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030780654
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In 2020, for the first time in history, there were more people in the world aged 60 years and over than there were children below the age of 5 years. The population aged over 65 years is projected to increase from one billion in 2019 to more than two billion in 2050, and those aged over 80 years are projected to increase from 143 to 426 million, with the largest increase occurring in the developing world (UN World Population Prospects, 2019). This demographic trend constitutes the largest global health challenge, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). The European Union has set it as one of the major challenges in Horizon 2020 and it has important societal implications (European Commission, 2020). The proportion of retired individuals will increase, leading to an increased ratio between those who have exited the workforce and those still active in the labour market. Thus, ageing represents a global societal and scientific challenge requiring integrated efforts, multidisciplinary translational research approaches and social innovations that build on ideas of potentials and capabilities, emphasising the value of old age.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Binde, Per, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Criminogenic problem gambling: A study of verdicts by Swedish courts
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Gambling Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1445-9795 .- 1479-4276. ; 22:3, s. 344-364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study explored the characteristics and consequences of criminogenic problem gambling in Sweden. All verdicts (N = 283,884) delivered by Swedish general courts between 2014 and 2018 were subjected to a key word search for the term ‘problem gambling’ and its synonyms. Verdicts that met the search criterion (n = 1,232) were inspected manually and cases in which problem gambling clearly was the main cause for committing crime (n = 282) were analyzed quantitatively. The most common types of crimes were fraud and embezzlement (67%). Each year around 400 individuals, companies, and organizations became victims of gambling-driven crimes, with nonprofit organizations being the most severely affected. Those convicted for such crimes were older, and to a greater extent female and first-time offenders, compared to national statistics on crimes in general. This suggests that in Sweden, middle-aged women are a high-risk group for severe gambling problems that should be monitored particularly closely by gambling companies for indications of problematic gambling. We conclude that although crimes driven by problem gambling are relatively rare in the justice system, they bring considerable harm to victims and the perpetrators themselves.
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| 6. |
- Munthe, Christian, 1962
(författare)
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Fem kärnfrågor som Coronakommissionen måste ta upp : Five core questions for the Corona Commission
- 2020
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Ingår i: Göteborgsposten. - 1103-9345. ; :20201005
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Även om den första fasen nu är förbi i Sverige fortsätter pandemin och framtiden förblir osäker. Valda och föreslagna åtgärder väcker debatt. Men uppskruvat tonläge, fokus på avsändaren och ensidig analys står ofta i vägen för konstruktiva slutsatser. Därför vill jag lyfta fem kärnfrågor som den utlovade ”Coronakommissionen” behöver behandla, skriver Christian Munthe, professor i praktisk filosofi vid Göteborgs universitet.
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| 7. |
- Wild, Verina, et al.
(författare)
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Covid-19: Eine Ad hoc Public-Health-Ethikberatung : Covid-19: An ad hoc public health ethics consultation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Das Gesundheitswesen. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0941-3790 .- 1439-4421. ; 82:6, s. 507-513
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In diesem Dokument beschreiben wir den Prozess und den Inhalt einer ad hoc Public-Health-Ethikberatung vom 22. März 2020 für eine regionale Gesundheitsbehörde (Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit) zu Entscheidungen im Zusammenhang mit Covid-19. In this paper we describe the process and content of our ad hoc public health ethics consultation for a Bavarian health authority in relation to Covid-19.
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| 8. |
- Tanqueray, Laetitia, et al.
(författare)
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Gender Fairness in Social Robotics : Exploring a Future Care of Peripartum Depression
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction : Alt.HRI - Our Robotics Futures: A Time Capsule - Alt.HRI - Our Robotics Futures: A Time Capsule. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781538685549 ; , s. 598-607, s. 598-607
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the possibility of socially assistive robots (SARs) supporting diagnostic screening for peripartum depression (PPD) within the next five years. Through a HRI/socio-legal collaboration, we explore the gender norms within PPD in Sweden, to inform a gender-sensitive approach to designing SARs in such a setting, as well as governance implications. This is achieved through conducting expert interviews and qualitatively analysing the data. Based on the results, we conclude that a gender-sensitive approach is a necessity in relation to the design and governance of SARs for PPD screening.
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| 10. |
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GDPR and Biobanking : Individual Rights, Public Interest and Research Regulation across Europe
- 2021
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This open access book focuses on the discrepancies in biobank research regulations that are among the most significant hurdles to effective research collaboration. The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has established stringent requirements for the processing of health and genetic data, while simultaneously allowing considerable multi-level exceptions for the purposes of scientific research. In addition to directly applicable exceptions, the GDPR places the regulatory responsibility for further defining how the Member States strike a balance between the individuals' rights and the public interest in research within their national legal orders. Since Member States' approaches to the trade-off between data subjects' rights on the one hand, and appropriate safeguards on the other, differ according to their ethical and legal traditions, their data protection requirements for research also differ considerably.This study takes a comprehensive approach to determine how the GDPR affects regulatory regimes on the use of personal data in biobanking research, with a particular focus on the balance between individuals' rights, public interest and scientific research. In this regard, it has two main goals: first, to scrutinize the GDPR research regime, its objective and constitutive elements, the impact it has on biobanking, and its role in a changing EU landscape post-Brexit; and second, to examine how various exceptions have been operationalized nationally, and what challenges and opportunities this diversification entails. The book not only captures the complexity GDPR creates for biobanking, but also sheds light on various approaches to tackling the corresponding challenges. It offers the first comprehensive analysis of GDPR for biobanking, and the most up-to-date overview of the national biobank regulatory frameworks in Europe.
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