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- Eriksson, Johan, Professor, 1967-
(författare)
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Partition and redemption : a Machiavellian analysis of Sami and Basque patriotism
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the end of the Second World War, the location of most interstate borders has been fixed.This suggests that the common phenomenon of ethnic groups partitioned by internationallyrecognized state borders is permanent. Nevertheless, a recurrent dream of 'redemption' (i.e. thebuilding of a self-ruling polity which unifies the separate segments) is capable of inciting patrioticmobilization even in the face of a very long period of unbroken partition. Little is knownabout this clash between dream and reality. How can an ethnoterritorial group which is apparentlypermanently partitioned between separate, sovereign states be redeemed? In seeking asolution to this puzzle, I attempt a Machiavellian type of analysis, defined as an approach whichcombines a patriotic perspective with a strategic view of the choice of specific means and endsin a way which is free of state-centrism. I also employ Machiavelli's theory-building method,which is a form of abduction.This study focuses on six aspects of the problem of partition and redemption: the territorialsetting, the historical process, partitioning state contexts, perceptions of partition and homelandmythology, strategies, and outcomes. Two instances are selected for case study and comparison:the Sami in northernmost Europe, and the Basques in Spain and France. Both groups arepartitioned between separate states, are a minority in each one, and lack control over all existingstate governments.The analysis reveals the unexpected result that the less numerous, greater dispersed, morepartitioned, and generally weaker Sami have been more successful in redemption than have theBasques. While the Sami have built common bodies which officially represent Sami in all fourpartitioning states, the Basques have only a limited transborder cooperation between the BasqueAutonomous Community (BAC) in Spain and non-Basque regional authorities in France. It ismore important to have compatible building blocks in each state (like the three Nordic SamiParliaments), than to have a single powerful one (like the BAC). Without fairly similar andharmonized partitioning states, like the Nordic countries, it is extremely difficult for transborderpolity-building to succeed. Another main conclusion, which disputes the findings of other research,is that redemption is possible even when a group remains partitioned, given that thegoal of statehood is abandoned in favour of a less ambitious transborder homerule. In order torealize this goal, the most generally applicable method is a stepwise strategy aimed at creatingcompatible building blocks in each state. A variant of this is the blueprint strategy, that is, usingan achievement in one state as a model for the struggle in other states. In contrast to nonparti -tioned groups, partitioned groups can refer to their own achievement in other states.The subject of interest here transcends the domestic-international divide. Similarly, theanalysis transcends academic boundaries, mainly those of political theory, international politicsand comparative politics. This combination provides a starting-point for further inquiry into thepattern of overlapping polities which is emerging, and of partition and redemption in particular.
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- Svedberg, Erika, 1963-
(författare)
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The meeting in east-west negotiations in post-Soviet Russia
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Negotiation. - 1382-340X .- 1571-8069. ; 1:3, s. 391-408
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intercultural communication poses challenges to East-West negotiations in the post Cold War era. The meeting in East-West negotiations is a metaphor for the processes that were set in motion when parties representing Western and Eastern organizations respectively negotiated on cooperation projects. The projects in question were of two types: the profit driven type (joint ventures), and the NGO, non-profit driven type. In applying a relational approach to analyzing negotiations, this paper presents four different typologies of the East-West meeting. The material that forms the basis for these analytical typologies consists of the two parties' perceptions of meeting, negotiating, and cooperating with the Other. The material was gathered via the author's own experience as a negotiator of a Russian-Swedish NGO project between 1991-1994, and also by studying a number of East-West joint ventures and NGO projects in post-Soviet Russia between 1991-96. The four meeting typologies developed in the article are (1) Concurring Perceptions; (2) Mirror Perceptions; (3) Inverted Perceptions; and a type of meeting characterized by a process that has been named (4) Recreating the Other.
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- Svensson, Bo
(författare)
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Politics and business in the Barents Region
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Since the end of the Cold War, co-operation across the former Iron Curtain has been considered a key issue for future prosperity both in the East and West of Europe. Public and private actors of all kinds have developed relations in this complicated cross-border setting and certain qualitatively new aspects of this development inspired this research effort. Within the political sphere, the participation of sub-national government bodies in different co-operation schemes signified a component of regionalisation in the processes at hand. Within business, not only large transnational corporations (TNCs) but also small andmedium-sized enterprises (SMEs) engaged in foreign direct investment (FDI) activities indicated a new dynamic at play. I decided to inquire into the harm or benefit of certain types of linkages between politics and business in this context and made it my over-riding research problem to investigate when, how, and under what circumstances transnational region-building may contribute to the development of transnational business activity.Inter-regional co-operation and other political co-operation initiatives in the Barents Region were analysed and related to the problem reality transnational firms faced in the Russian part of the region. The transnational relations perspective was modified as a power-dependence framework, according to which the dynamics of transnational regionbuilding rests with the actors entering the stage, the resources they possess and the interactions set in motion by their needs.The analysis suggested a role for transnational region-building in the development of transnational business. Inter-regional co-operation arrangements may reduce risk and uncertainty for transnational firms if their problems are placed on the agenda for cooperation. In particular small and medium-sized firms with limited political influence atother levels of government might draw advantages from the existence of inter-regionalco-operation. To release the full potential of transnational region-building, however ,requires the identification and conscious management of resource-interdependencies between different tiers of government and business actors. It further seems the conditions for making investments in Russia require top priority treatment in co-operation at all levels of government if east-west economic relations are to deepen.
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- Tallberg, Jonas
(författare)
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Making States Comply : The European Commission, the European Court of Justice, and the Enforcement of the Internal Market
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the central bones of contention in the study of the European Union (EU) is the capacity of its supranational institutions to be a driving force in the process toward deeper integration. Whereas existing research predominantly addresses the institutions’ ability to shape European integration through pre-decisional agenda-setting, this study examines the scope for supranational influence in the post-decisional phase of EU enforcement. Do the Commission and the Court have the capacity to enforce member state compliance in other ways than EU governments desire and originally intended? If so, what are the determinants of such supranational influence in EU enforcement? The study explores these questions by tracing the supranational institutions’ efforts to secure compliance with the European Internal Market in the period 1985-1998. Departing from the fixed and competing conceptions of supranational influence in neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism, which portray the institutions as either “engines of integration” or “obedient servants,” the study employs a mode of analysis—principal-agent theory—which is specifically designed to explain variations in control and autonomy. The inquiry indicates that the Commission and the Court indeed may succeed in moving EU enforcement beyond member states’ wishes and intentions, but that this capacity is conditioned by the latter’s means for controlling the institutions. Three parallel attempts to strengthen the enforcement of Internal Market rules are traced: efforts to enhance the potential of the Article 169 infringement procedure, attempts to induce the delegation of new and more far-reaching powers at the 1991 and 1996-97 intergovernmental conferences, and concerted moves to independently boost decentralized enforcement through national courts. The examination suggests that the scope for supranational influence is most extensive in the promotion of decentralized enforcement, where governments enjoy fewer means for monitoring and sanctioning the institutions. Another highly significant finding, which confirms untested presumptions in earlier research, is the greater ease with which the Court, as compared to the Commission, can exploit its position to introduce measures which go beyond governments’ preferences.
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- Szücs, Stefan, 1964
(författare)
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Modeling Democracy: SEM Analysis of Local Elites
- 1994
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Ingår i: III Nordiska kommunforskarkonferensen (Third Nordic Conferense on Local and Regional Government), 5-6 December, Odense.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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