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- Engström, Tomas, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Extended Work Cycle Assembly - A crucial learning experience
- 1994
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In: The International journal of human factors in manufacturing. - : Wiley. - 1045-2699 .- 1522-7111. ; 4:3, s. 293-303
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper reports on a crucial learning experience relating to design principles applied in the Volvo Car Corporation final assembly plant in Uddevalla, Sweden. These principles include the concept of holistic learning, specifically through the creation and transformation of complementary, interrelated physical, semantical, and cognitive structures. We report on the learning environment and learning aids, as well as the learning method applied to the assembly of one-quarter of an automobile performed by one single person. Through the application of this learning concept, it proved possible to dramatically reduce the learning time required for long cycle time assembly work, making cycle times of 2 hours or more a practical proposition for full-scale automotive manufacturing today.
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| 4. |
- Baumann, Henrikke, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Life cycle assessment: A comparison of three methods for impact analysis and evaluation
- 1994
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In: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 2:1, s. 13-20
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- For the evaluation of data resulting from the inventory stage of a life cycle assessment, two sets of environmental indices based on Swedish data have been calculated according to the ‘ecological scarcity method’ and the ‘environmental theme method’. These are compared with indices from the method for ‘environmental priority strategies in product design’. The relative importance of CO2, SO2 and NOx in the three evaluation methods, expressed as index ratios CO2:SO2:NOx′ was calculated to be 1:200:250, 1:220:350 and 1:150:6100, respectively. Additional index comparisons are presented. Differences in the results from the three methods depend on effects considered, how the algorithms are constructed, and background data. The discussion focuses on similarities and differences in mathematical expressions and on the evaluation of certain substances.
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| 5. |
- Bogdanov, A. L., et al.
(author)
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Fabrication of arrays of nanometer size test structures for scanning probe microscope tips characterization
- 1994
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In: Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena. - : American Vacuum Society. - 0734-211X. ; 12:6, s. 3681-3684
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A problem in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) is the unknown shape of the probing tip. Generally, the image is a convolution between the shape of the tip and the surface. Information of the shape of the probe may be gained by imaging very sharp tips. Here we present a method for making two-dimensional arrays of very sharp tips. The tip arrays were made of silicon using electron beam lithography with subsequent ion-beam etching. To achieve the best possible resolution, ultrasonic excitation was used during development of the bilayered PMMA resist. Thus, openings in the resist with size nearly equal to the spot size of the writing e-beam have been obtained. A further decrease of the radius of the tips was obtained by the choice of appropriate thickness for the masking NiCr layer. The tips were conical with a height up to 100 nm with a radius of the tip down to 10 nm. The tips were suitable for study of the shape of AFM probe tips, under condition that the tip array samples were rinsed in water prior to the measurement. Without the rinsing procedure, strong sticking forces between the probe and the sample would have eroded both of them. The regularity of the array provided an easy way to calibrate the lateral motion of the scanner
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| 6. |
- Borgström, Karin Margaretha, 1956-
(author)
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Determination of the thermal conductivity of the insulation in district heating mains : Field measurements
- 1994
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis concerns the development of a measurement method for determination in the field of the thermal conductivity of the insulation in buried district heating mains. The thermal conductivity of the insulation is calculated from the measured value of the radial heat flow through the heating main, the measured temperature difference across the insulation, and the dimensions of the heating main. The heat flow has been measured with a heat flux sensor which was fitted to the surface of the casing. The temperature has been measured with copper/constantan thermocouples. It is a necessary condition for the method used in the project for determination of the thermal conductivity of the heating main insulation that the heating main is uncovered and is not in contact with the surrounding soil over a distance of about 1.5 m and that the measurements are made directly on the heating main. In this way, no account need be taken of the material surrounding the heating main, nor of the effect of this material on the measurements. No interference is needed with the heating main which would affect the distribution of the district heating water, and the heating main can remain in operation during measurements. Shielding insulation consisting of preformed insulation sections which were placed over the casing of the heating main and covered the heat flux sensor and some of the casing. The function of this insulation was to shield the heat flux sensor from external thermal disturbances. In the field measurements, a copper guard plate of 0.5 mm thickness, the temperature of which could be adjusted, was also placed over the shielding insulation in order to maintain the temperature on the heat flux sensor as constant as possible. When temperature and heat flow are measured, the instruments used will be affected by conditions which prevail at the time of measurement. It is therefore very important to analyse the sources of error which may arise in the measuring situation at hand. The effect of these factors on the measured values has been studied by ' laboratory measurements ' theoretical calculations ' field measurements On the basis of the resulting values of heat flows and temperatures obtained in field measurements on plastic heating mains which were operating under normal conditions, the thermal conductivity of the insulation of the main has been estimated. The method has been tested on plastic heating mains with directly foamed insulation, since this is the most common type of heating main both in the existing district heating network and in new construction. The measuring method can also be used on other circular heating mains.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Anna K, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Shifts and widths of metal-overlayer quantum-well states near EF observed by photoemission
- 1994
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In: Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 50:12, s. 8926 - 8929
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Photoelectron energy spectra reveal discrete valence-electron states in the range 0–220 meV above EF for 1–3 atomic layers of Na on Cu(111). Apart from a stepwise dependence on the number of atomic Na layers the energy of the quantum-well states depends in a gradual manner on how full the layer is. The states are as well defined in energy as comparable surface states producing peak widths (50–90 meV), which depend on temperature and coverage.
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| 8. |
- Ellegård, Kajsa, 1951, et al.
(author)
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La reforme du Travail Industriel Principes et Realites de la Planification d´Usine de Montage d´Automobiles Volvo a Uddevalla
- 1994
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In: Permanent Group for the Study of Automobile Industry and its Employees, Universite d´Évry-Val d´Éssonne – Centre de Rechearches Historiques, the International Network Gerpisa, Paris.
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A translation of our work into the French language. A comment: This publication is authored together with senior research competencies (1) within vocational learning and training as well as (2) within time-geography with whom Engström have had long time cooperation procedures.
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| 9. |
- Engström, Tomas, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Datainsamling och analys av serieproduktionssystem genom att kombinera video- och persondatorteknik
- 1994
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This was the first attempt to publish the result of our research and development work regarding a self-developed method to synchronise a video recorder and personal computer. Which in turn gave birth to an extensive register of video-registration that still are saved at Chalmers University of Technology (this register’s existence has not been resolved after Engström’s retirement, the registrations have among other things included personal agreements with the people video-recorded) (we got the opportunity to video-record the assembly work at the Volvo Uddevalla plant, which resulted in a bewildering amount of VHS-tapes that rather obviously needed our attention in order to be evaluated) (this was the reason for this particular research and development work). The method in question has thereafter (more or less been) nicked by other scientists, which who we have cooperated at Lindholmen Utveckling in Gothenburg. Who has constructed a digitalised version of this method, our own self-developed equipment comprised usage of VHS-tapes (see some of the other publications registered in Chalmers Public Library CPL).
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| 10. |
- Engström, Tomas, 1950, et al.
(author)
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Development of Assembly Competence in Parallelized Flow Assembly Systems
- 1994
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This publication explains the competence development (in form of the length of work cycle times, which were not fixed) within the Volvo Uddevalla plant. Note the minimum work cycle time was 1/4 of an automobile (an inventible result due to the sociotechnically advanced of assembly system design) (in fact, quite ingeniously carried out). The advance material feeding technique was the reason for this competence level (a result of the research and development work within some of the authors' experimental workshops).
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