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Florin, Christina
(författare)
Kampen om katedern : feminiserings- och professionaliseringsprocessen inom den svenska folkskolans lärarkår 1860-1906
1987
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The thesis deals with the development of the secondary school teaching professionduring the second half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. The emphasisof the study is on the concurrence of three structural processes in this profession:feminization, professionalization and governmental bureaucratization.The "teachers of the people" found themselves deeply affected by radical economicand social structural changes during the transition from classical industrialcapitalism to organized capitalism at the end of the 19th century. These strucuralchanges aggravated the conflicts between the classes and the sexes in society, andthe elementary school became an important institution for social and ideologicalcontrol. But the teachers were not content to be the mindless instruments of thepredominant ideology. At an early stage the elementary school and the teachersthemselves began to live "a life of their own". Both male and female teachers beganto develop strategies in the struggle for power and control over their profession. Inother words, a process of professionalization began.At the same time as the teachers were organized collectively the women's share ofthe profession increased. The teaching of the lower classes was considered verysuitable for unmarried middle-class women, and the cheap female labour wasattractive to the politicians. There were risks of clashes between male and femaleinterests, since the profession also attracted young men from the farming andworking classes, who saw possibilities of social advancement in this sector of theschool system.The men developed different strategies against their female colleagues. Duringthe whole of the 19th century women were integrated into the professional project.At the turn of the century the men developed a strategy of social closure againstwomen, which meant that these were relegated to a lower level. At the same timethe government introduced regulations which were intended to impede women'sfast access to the profession. This triggered off an open conflict between the sexes inthe profession, since the changes were initiated by male elementary school teacherswho were leaders of the professional program as well as leading politicians in thegovernment and the Riksdag.
3.
Gisselberg, Margareta, 1938-
(författare)
Att stå vid spisen och föda barn : om hushållsarbete som kvinnoarbete
1985
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
This thesis examines the complex problems concerning woman's "hidden labor" in the home and woman's role as "crypto-servant". These expressions illustrate housework as a production alloted no economic value. They also illustrate woman's acceptance of the responsibility of that labor and - more or less unconsciously - a subordinate role,a social position without societal influence.The theoretical points of departure take economical as well as social factors into consideration. The principles of Scientific (Home) Management, Home Economic theories and theories of gender division of labor are presented, and various combinations of principles of rationality - economical/technical,social - and concepts of gender are discussed.Housework - the daily labor with food,cleaning and wash - has changed drastically during the last hundred years. The bourgeois culture has influenced its values and modern industrial society has formed its conditions. The phases in this change are outlined and describe woman's work, from the demanding household production of the late 19:th century, to the elaborate home-making and the professional housewife of the early 20:th century, and the rational and scientific housework of the modern industrial society . The description ends with an empirical study of the conditions of housework and housewifes of today.Women as relatively economically independent individuals are a recent phenomenon. As yet we can see no tangible changes in the gender division of labor. Women still remains with one foot in the household work and this prevents their participation on equal terms in the labor market. This is creating a conflict between the demands of production and the demands of reproduction, a conflict previously shouldered by women alone but now spreading outward, in the home and in the society, as a result of ongoing economic changes.The analysis of values and conditions is based upon a study of relevant literature, parliament protocols,public investigations and official statistics. The conditions of housewifes of today have been studied through surveys and interviews in northern Swedish households from 1976 to 1981.
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Svallfors, Stefan, 1961-
(författare)
Vem älskar välfärdsstaten? : attityder, organiserade intressen och svensk välfärdspolitik
1989
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
This thesis is a contribution to the debate about the political support for the welfare state. Attitudes to Swedish welfare policies are studied, using data from a national survey on a representative sample made in 1986. Political support is also analyzed from the perspective of 'organized interests', that is, how political parties and interest organizations have articulated their views on welfare policies. The time period begins 1970 and extends tothe present.A theoretical framework for the analysis of interest formation is presented. Various theories of interest formation are discussed and criticized. Attitudes are viewed as the joint products of personal experiences on 'the arena of everyday life' and political articulations on 'the public arena'. The role of organized interests in the formation of popular attitudes is focussed.Empirical data on popular attitudes to Swedish welfare policy show that there is a strong support for major welfare programmes, such as health services, support for the elderly and families with children, education, and employment policies. This strong support is, however, mixed with critique of administrative aspects, such asbure aucracy and state intervention in peoples’ lives. There is also a widespread suspicion of abuse of the welfare system. Comparisons of attitudes in different social groups reveal that class, and 'class-related' determinants, such as income and education, are more important than other determinants, such as gender, public or private employment and consumption groups. Workers, people on low income and people with low education are supporting Swedish welfare policies.The organized interests' articulation of different aspects of welfare policies are studied through ananalysis of their political programmes in the period 1970-85, and in a comparison between the debate about the'seven-crowns reform’ in health services in 1969-70, and the debate about waiting days in the health insurance in the early eighties. These examples show that the right-wing parties and the employers’ federation perceive welfare policy primarily as an administrative issue, where relations between individuals and authorities are in the focus. The Social Democrats and the trade unions present welfare policy as a distributive issue, where questions of distribution between different groups become central.In conclusion, it is argued that the structure of Swedish welfare policy both restricts and facilitates different political strategies. The general and inclusive character makes critique of distributional aspects less successful, while critique of administrative aspects is more appealing to the public. On the whole, Swedish welfare policy has so far had strong support and attempts to outright cutbacks or changes have had little success. However, recent changes in the distribution of resources between private and public sector may undermine the political support for the Swedish welfare state in the long run.
7.
Wetter, Ilse, 1933-
(författare)
Barnet och rätten : en undersökning om barns processrättsliga ställning i omhändertagandemål, vårdnadsmål och verkställandemål. D. 1, Myndigheternas och domstolarnas handläggning m.m.
1986
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The investigation concerns the legal position of the child in the determination of custody, i.e. the right of parents to decide the child's life-situation; in applications for enforcement, i.e. the manner in which a decision of court concerning custody and access is enforced; and in cases of intervention, i.e. when society intervenes for the protection of the child against parents who fail in their task to such an extent that there is a danger to the health or social development of the child.These three areas of the law have as their centre the fact that a parent has the right of custody of the child, i.e. to have the child with him or her.The investigation is based on a survey of about 3000 cases. This includes matters dealt with by JO, which mainly concern actions taken by non-judicial authorities. These matters throw light on the way the social welfare boards operate, and defects in their mode of operation. The direction of oresent investigation has to a large extent been determined by the cases.It becomes evident from our investigation that there is hardly any possibility for the child to influence hos own life-situation. Children above the age of 15 are guaranteed a hearing and - within the social welfare system - have also a right to bring complaints, but for younger children there is no provision that they be heard in cases concerning them, nor that their wishes should be taken into account. The children are entirely dependent on the assessment done by adults in their environment.
8.
Claezon, Ingrid, 1940-
(författare)
Bättre beslut : en studie av socialsekreterarnas handläggning av omhändertagande av barn
1987
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
This study treats the problems that the social worker (the child welfare worker) is faced with, when deciding to take a child into compulsory care. Empirical data (with particulars of the children and parents involved) covering the public child care at a local authority, was collected from its records and by means of interviews. Data concerning the social workers was obtained through observation, interviews and questionnaires. Out of 166 new child care clients during one year, 77%were teenagers, and nine out of ten children taken into care were adolescents.Taking up a position in child care cases and making decisions about courses of action were mostly difficult or even painful for the social worker. The decision to take a child into care was considered the hardest task in social work.The social worker's dilemma is created by the requirements of the law that any decision to take a child into care should be based on satisfactory predictions of the consequences for the child.The social worker's agony arises out of her attempts to motivate such predictions when in fact she is convinced, through experience,that very few, if any, of the consequences can be safely established.Empirical data showed that motivations of the decisions given in the investigation for the court were often vague and implicit. This may be explained by referring to the emotionally experienced conflict between prediction and subsumption.In other empirical data social workers described their anxiety when handling cases where children are taken into care. This may be analysed as 'the agony of decision-making', caused by their choice between alternative courses of action, and 'the agony of separation' brought about by the social worker's identification either with the child or with its parents.The proposed model for decision-making aims to reduce the social worker's agony, by shifting some of her burden of responsibility over to the society. This is achieved by letting the grounds for a decision to take a child into care rest explicitly on the principia of subsumption. The social worker's task is thereby limited to assessments of the child's present situation. Three criteria of assessment, child abuse, sexual abuse and 'Good-Enough Parenting' are suggested. The study points out the importance of specifying what is counted as 'Good-Enough Parenting'.
9.
Drugge, Gunnel, 1938-
(författare)
Som en vit ros och så där... : 52 patienters upplevelser av sin cancersjukdom och vården omkring den
1988
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The study describes 52 patients' experiences and feelings towards theirillness and the care received in connection with it. The main purpose ofthe study is to gather knowledge on cancer patients' need of psychosocialcare and from this insight draw up a proposition for a clinically usefulmethod for psychosocial care. I have met and spoken with the patients,each suffering from a different form of cancer, on one occasion. They areall patients o'f the Department of General Surgery, Östersund Hospital.The taped conversations constitute the most important source for thisthesis, which has its crucial point in the empirical part. My theoreticalframe of reference has a psychodynamic and existential perspective.To distinguish and give as clear a picture as possible on "what it'slike to get a cancer and live with it", different phases have been drawnup showing the process of a cancer. Living with a cancer means adjustingto constant uncertainty and a fear of recurrence. That which is typicalfor the process of a cancer is that a crisis here is so different fromthe "classical" pattern of reaction and comes and goes in waves.The different phases show unsatisfactory psychosocial care and the mostobvious déficiences are to be found in connection with the first consultationwith a doctor, when receiving the diagnosis and also at the routinecheck-ups.That which, like the symbolic main thread, runs through the whole dissertationis the lack of dialogue and criticism of the inferior continuityamong the doctors.In the last chapter I have made a suggestion for the future psychosocialcare of cancer patients.
10.
Larsson, Håkan, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
Organisationens mänskliga insida : om det sociala arbetets utvecklingsmöjligheter
1988
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The aim of this study is to develop such theoretical perspectives as will increase our understanding of social work organizations, and help us improve them. Consequently, the research approach is longterm and primarily theoretical in character: What demand must be made of an organization where people deal with people?One important assumption is that the relationships between the actors in an enterprise constitute the organization. These relations are maintained i.a. by speech-acts, and language therefore becomes one of the forms in which the organization manifests itself; the organization is to be found within the language and reveals important aspects of its own nature via the language it employs. - What, then, does the specific language of the organization reveal?In the empirical parts of the study communication between social workers and their supervisors in a welfare agency is closely examined. This flow of communication, we assume, contains important aspects of the possibilities for the enterprise to carry out its tasks in a succesful way. A question of particular interest is that of "hierarchization principles" - concerning, for instance the conditions and principles that regulate the position of the individual in the social system, how experience and knowledge are accumulated, disseminated and legitimized within the organization, how the system of responsibility is construed.According to the results, the organization studied did not manage to sufficiently transfer knowledge, experience and competence within the system. Furthermore, a set of norms established by the actors and maintained by them created a barrier between the organization and its users/clients. This set of norms, however, was invisible to the actors themselves.The final chapter of the study discusses the possibility of regarding the organization as a symbol space - as an arena for legitimized acting. In such a perspective, the organization would appear as a linguistic system; an approach which could reveal hidden aspects and introduce new and different possibilities for interpretation.
