| 1. |
- Vaysse, Amaury, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of genomic regions associated with phenotypic variation between dog breeds using selection mapping
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 7:10, s. e1002316-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extraordinary phenotypic diversity of dog breeds has been sculpted by a unique population history accompanied by selection for novel and desirable traits. Here we perform a comprehensive analysis using multiple test statistics to identify regions under selection in 509 dogs from 46 diverse breeds using a newly developed high-density genotyping array consisting of >170,000 evenly spaced SNPs. We first identify 44 genomic regions exhibiting extreme differentiation across multiple breeds. Genetic variation in these regions correlates with variation in several phenotypic traits that vary between breeds, and we identify novel associations with both morphological and behavioral traits. We next scan the genome for signatures of selective sweeps in single breeds, characterized by long regions of reduced heterozygosity and fixation of extended haplotypes. These scans identify hundreds of regions, including 22 blocks of homozygosity longer than one megabase in certain breeds. Candidate selection loci are strongly enriched for developmental genes. We chose one highly differentiated region, associated with body size and ear morphology, and characterized it using high-throughput sequencing to provide a list of variants that may directly affect these traits. This study provides a catalogue of genomic regions showing extreme reduction in genetic variation or population differentiation in dogs, including many linked to phenotypic variation. The many blocks of reduced haplotype diversity observed across the genome in dog breeds are the result of both selection and genetic drift, but extended blocks of homozygosity on a megabase scale appear to be best explained by selection. Further elucidation of the variants under selection will help to uncover the genetic basis of complex traits and disease.
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| 2. |
- Lord, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Rate of change of heart size before congestive heart failure in dogs with mitral regurgitation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Small Animal Practice. - : Wiley. - 0022-4510 .- 1748-5827. ; 51, s. 210-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods: Records and radiographs from 24 cavalier King Charles spaniels with mitral regurgitation were used. Vertebral heart scale (24 dogs), and left atrial dimension and left ventricular end diastolic and end systolic diameters (18 dogs) and their rate of increase were measured at intervals over years to the onset of congestive heart failure. They were plotted against time to onset of congestive heart failure.Results: Dimensions and rates of change of all parameters were highest at onset of congestive heart failure, the difference between observed and chance outcome being highly significant using a two-tailed chi-square test (P < 0 center dot 001).Clinical significance: The left heart chambers increase in size rapidly only in the last year before the onset of congestive heart failure. Increasing left ventricular end systolic dimension is suggestive of myocardial failure before the onset of congestive heart failure. Rate of increase of heart dimensions may be a useful indicator of impending congestive heart failure.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Ljungvall, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Cardiac Troponin I Is Associated with Severity of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease, Age, and C-Reactive Protein in Dogs
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 24:1, s. 153-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) might be associated with cardiac remodeling in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Age- and sex-dependent variations in cTnI concentration have been described. Objective To investigate whether plasma concentrations of cTnI and CRP are associated with severity of MMVD, and investigate potential associations of dog characteristics on cTnI and CRP concentrations. Animals Eighty-one client-owned dogs with MMVD of varying severity. Methods Dogs were prospectively recruited for the study. Dogs were classified according to severity of MMVD. Plasma cTnI was analyzed by a high sensitivity cTnI assay with a lower limit of detection of 0.001 ng/mL, and plasma CRP was analyzed by a canine-specific CRP ELISA. Results Higher cTnI concentrations were detected in dogs with moderate (0.014 [interquartile range 0.008-0.029] ng/mL, P = .0011) and severe (0.043 [0.031-0.087] ng/mL, P < .0001) MMVD, compared with healthy dogs (0.001 [0.001-0.004] ng/mL). Dogs with severe MMVD also had higher cTnI concentrations than dogs with mild (0.003 [0.001-0.024] ng/mL, P < .0001) and moderate (P = .0019) MMVD. There were significant associations of age, CRP, heart rate, and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, on cTnI concentration C-reactive protein did not differ among severity groups, but was significantly associated with cTnI, breed, and systolic blood pressure on CRP concentration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Analysis of cTnI concentration has potential to increase knowledge of overall cardiac remodeling in dogs with MMVD. However, effect of age on cTnI needs consideration when assessing cTnI.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary Blood Volume in Mitral Regurgitation in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0891-6640 .- 1939-1676. ; 24, s. 1393-1399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pulmonary edema and venous congestion are well-recognized signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) in advanced canine chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). However, little is known about pulmonary blood volume (PBV), blood pulmonary transit time (PTT), and the regulation of these.Objectives: To measure and evaluate the relationships of PBV, forward stroke volume (FSV), and heart rate normalized blood pulmonary transit time (nPTT) in healthy dogs and dogs with MR.Animals: Thirty-three Cavalier King Charles Spaniels; 11 healthy, 4 in modified New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I, 11 in class II, and 7 in CHF.Methods: Heart rate normalized PTTs were measured by radionuclide angiocardiography. Left ventricular end diastolic and systolic diameter, left atrial/aortic root ratio, and FSV were measured by echocardiography. PBV and pulmonary blood volume index (PBVI) were calculated by established formulas.Results: PBVI was 308 +/- 56 (mean +/- SD) mL/m(2) for healthy dogs, 287 +/- 51mL/m(2) in NYHA class I, 360 +/- 66 mL/m(2) in Class II, and 623 +/- 232 mL/m(2) in CHF (P - .0008). Heart rate normalized PTT, not FSV, was a predictor of PBV (r - 0.92 and 0.02, respectively).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Increased PBV, not decreased FSV, is the main cause of increased nPTT in MR. Increased nPTT can be used as an indicator of abnormal cardiopulmonary function in dogs with MR.
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| 7. |
- Häggström, Jens
(författare)
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Acquired Valvular Heart Disease
- 2010
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Ingår i: Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Diseases of Dogs and Cats. 7th ed. - 9781416065937 ; , s. 1209-1319
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Häggström, Jens
(författare)
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Canine Degenerative Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease: Natural History, Clinical Presentation and Therapy
- 2010
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Ingår i: Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-5616 .- 1878-1306. ; 40, s. 651-663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Myxomatous mitral valve disease is a common condition in geriatric dogs Most dogs affected are clinically asymptomatic for a long time However, about 30% of these animals present a progression to heart failure and eventually die as a consequence of the disease Left atrial enlargement, and particularly a change in left atrial size, seems to be the most reliable predictor of progression in some studies, however further studies are needed to clarify how to recognize asymptomatic patients at higher risk of developing heart failure. According to the published data on the natural history of the disease and the results of published studies evaluating the effect of early therapy on delaying the progression of the disease, it seems that no currently available treatment delays the onset of clinical signs of congestive heart failure (CHF) Although the ideal treatment of more severely affected dogs is probably surgical mitral valve repair or mitral valve replacement, this is not a currently available option. The results of several clinical trials together with clinical experience suggest that dogs with overt CHF can be managed with acceptable quality of life for a relatively long time period with medical treatment including furosemide, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, pimobendan, and spironolactone
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| 10. |
- Häggström, Jens
(författare)
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Circulating cytokine concentrations in dogs with different degrees of myxomatous mitral valve disease
- 2012
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Ingår i: Veterinary Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1090-0233 .- 1532-2971. ; 192, s. 106-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- CHF dogs had significantly higher MCP-1 concentrations than dogs with no or minimal MR. Among the CKCS, IL-2 and IL-7 decreased with increasing left atrial size and IL-7 also decreased with increasing MR. IL-8 decreased with increasing left ventricular end-systolic internal dimensions. MCP-1 was increased in CHF dogs compared to healthy control dogs and IL-2. IL-7 and IL-8 decreased with increasing indices of disease severity. The results suggest a role for these cytokines in canine MMVD and CHF. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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