| 1. |
- Henningsson, Susanne, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Sex steroid-related genes and male-to-female transsexualism
- 2005
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - Oxford : Pergamon Press. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 59:5, s. 412-412
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transsexualism is characterised by Lifelong discomfort with the assigned sex and a strong identification with the opposite sex. The cause of transsexualism is unknown, but it has been suggested that an aberration in the early sexual differentiation of various brain structures may be involved. Animal experiments have revealed that the sexual differentiation of the brain is mainly due to an influence of testosterone, acting both via androgen receptors (ARs) and-after aromatase-catalyzed conversion to estradiol-via estrogen receptors (ERs). The present study examined the possible importance of three polymorphisms and their pairwise interactions for the development of male-to-female transsexualism: a CAG repeat sequence in the first exon of the AR gene, a tetra nucleotide repeat polymorphism in intron 4 of the aromatase gene, and a CA repeat polymorphism in intron 5 of the ER beta gene. Subjects were 29 Caucasian male-to-female transsexuals and 229 healthy mate controls. Transsexuals differed from controls with respect to the mean Length of the ER repeat polymorphism, but not with respect to the length of the other two studied polymorphisms. However, binary logistic regression analysis revealed significant partial effects for all three polymorphisms, as well as for the interaction between the AR and aromatase gene polymorphisms, on the risk of developing transsexualism. Given the small number of transsexuals in the study, the results should be interpreted with the utmost caution. Further study of the putative role of these and other sex steroid-related genes for the development of transsexualism may, however, be worthwhile.
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| 2. |
- Wijk, Helle, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Verksamhetsförlagd utbildning på avancerad nivå : ny utmaning för specialistutbildningar för sjuksköterskor
- 2009
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Ingår i: Vård i Norden. - København : Sjuksköterskornas samarbete i Norden. - 0107-4083 .- 1890-4238. ; 29:94, s. 41-43
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this article is to discuss challenges in the development of Specialist Nursing Educations as a result of the 2007 Swedish Higher EducationReform: the implementation of the so-called Bologna process. Certain challenges follow this reform, particularly since the specialist nursingprogrammes will be part of the second cycle of the higher education system, and it will be possible to combine the professional degree witha masters degree (one year). Possible strategies in four areas related to the Specialist Nursing Education are discussed: integration of researchbasedknowledge, experienced-based knowledge, improvement knowledge, and strategies for collaboration between university institutions andclinics. Specific didactical issues are raised.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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A proposed time-resolved X-ray scattering approach to track local and global conformational changes in membrane transport proteins
- 2008
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Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-2126 .- 1878-4186. ; 16:1, s. 21-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-resolved X-ray scattering has emerged as a powerful technique for studying the rapid structural dynamics of small molecules in solution. Membrane-protein-catalyzed transport processes frequently couple large-scale conformational changes of the transporter with local structural changes perturbing the uptake and release of the transported substrate. Using light-driven halide ion transport catalyzed by halorhodopsin as a model system, we combine molecular dynamics simulations with X-ray scattering calculations to demonstrate how small-molecule time-resolved X-ray scattering can be extended to the study of membrane transport processes. In particular, by introducing strongly scattering atoms to label specific positions within the protein and substrate, the technique of time-resolved wide-angle X-ray scattering can reveal both local and global conformational changes. This approach simultaneously enables the direct visualization of global rearrangements and substrate movement, crucial concepts that underpin the alternating access paradigm for membrane transport proteins.
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| 4. |
- Gotfredsen, Klaus, et al.
(författare)
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Implants and/or teeth: consensus statements and recommendations.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of oral rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 35:Suppl 1, s. 2-8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In August 23-25, 2007, the Scandinavian Society for Prosthetic Dentistry in collaboration with the Danish Society of Oral Implantology arranged a consensus conference on the topic 'Implants and/or teeth'. It was preceded by a workshop in which eight focused questions were raised and answered in eight review articles using a systematic approach. Twenty-eight academicians and clinicians discussed the eight review papers with the purpose to reach consensus on questions relevant for the topic. At the conference the consensus statements were presented as well as lectures based on the review articles. In this article the methods used at the consensus workshop are briefly described followed by the statements with comments.
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| 5. |
- Simonyte, Kotryna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Obesity is accompanied by disturbances in peripheral glucocorticoid metabolism and changes in FA recycling.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.). - : Wiley. - 1930-7381 .- 1930-739X. ; 17:11, s. 1982-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The glucocorticoid activating enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11betaHSD1) is of major interest in obesity-related morbidity. Alterations in tissue-specific cortisol levels may influence lipogenetic and gluco/glyceroneogenetic pathways in fat and liver. We analyzed the expression and activity of 11betaHSD1 as well as the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in adipose and liver and investigated putative associations between 11betaHSD1 and energy metabolism genes. A total of 33 obese women (mean BMI 44.6) undergoing gastric bypass surgery were enrolled. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), omental fat (omental adipose tissue (OmAT)), and liver biopsies were collected during the surgery. 11betaHSD1 gene expression was higher in SAT vs. OmAT (P = 0.013), whereas the activity was higher in OmAT (P = 0.009). The SAT 11betaHSD1 correlated with waist circumference (P = 0.045) and was an independent predictor for the OmAT area in a linear regression model. Energy metabolism genes had AT depot-specific expression; higher leptin and SREBP in SAT than OmAT, but higher PEPCK in OmAT than SAT. The expression of 11betaHSD1 correlated with PEPCK in both AT depots (P = 0.05 for SAT and P = 0.0001 for OmAT). Hepatic 11betaHSD1 activity correlated negatively with abdominal adipose area (P = 0.002) and expression positively with PEPCK (P = 0.003). In human obesity, glucocorticoid regeneration in the SAT is associated with central fat accumulation indicating that the importance of this specific fat depot is underestimated. Central fat accumulation is negatively associated with hepatic 11betaHSD1 activity. A disturbance in peripheral glucocorticoid metabolism is associated with changes in genes involved in fatty acid (FA) recycling in adipose tissue (AT).
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| 6. |
- Wiklund, Urban, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptive spatio-temporal filtering of disturbed ECGs: a multi-channel approach to heartbeat detection in smart clothing
- 2007
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Ingår i: Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1741-0444 .- 0140-0118. ; 45:6, s. 515-523
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intermittent disturbances are common in ECG signals recorded with smart clothing: this is mainly because of displacement of the electrodes over the skin. We evaluated a novel adaptive method for spatio-temporal filtering for heartbeat detection in noisy multi-channel ECGs including short signal interruptions in single channels. Using multi-channel database recordings (12-channel ECGs from 10 healthy subjects), the results showed that multi-channel spatio-temporal filtering outperformed regular independent component analysis. We also recorded seven channels of ECG using a T-shirt with textile electrodes. Ten healthy subjects performed different sequences during a 10-min recording: resting, standing, flexing breast muscles, walking and pushups. Using adaptive multi-channel filtering, the sensitivity and precision was above 97% in nine subjects. Adaptive multi-channel spatio-temporal filtering can be used to detect heartbeats in ECGs with high noise levels. One application is heartbeat detection in noisy ECG recordings obtained by integrated textile electrodes in smart clothing.
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| 7. |
- Bychkov, Vitaly, et al.
(författare)
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Physical Mechanism of Ultrafast Flame Acceleration
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 101:16, s. 164501-1-164501-4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explain the physical mechanism of ultrafast flame acceleration in obstructed channels used in modern experiments on detonation triggering. It is demonstrated that delayed burning between the obstacles creates a powerful jetflow, driving the acceleration. This mechanism is much stronger than the classical Shelkin scenario of flame acceleration due to nonslip at the channel walls. The mechanism under study is independent of the Reynolds number, with turbulence playing only a supplementary role. The flame front accelerates exponentially; the analytical formula for the growth rate is obtained. The theory is validated by extensive direct numerical simulations and comparison to previous experiments.
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Bertil, et al.
(författare)
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BioRID II manikin and human seating position in relation to car head restraint
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Crashworthiness. - Abingdon : Informa UK Limited. - 1358-8265 .- 1754-2111. ; 13:5, s. 479-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the study was to compare stature, weight and backset (the horizontal distance (x) between the back of the occupant’s head and the front of the seam on top of the head restraint) of the Biofidelic Rear Impact Dummy (BioRID II) to the same variables on seated volunteers in a car. The following methods were used. Data were collected from 154 randomly selected Swedish individuals (78 males and 76 females). The volunteers and the BioRID II were examined in a Volvo V70 car, year model 2003, in three positions: driver (hands on steering wheel), front passenger (hands in lap) and rear passenger. The study results were as follows: the BioRID II was found to correspond approximately to a 35th-45th percentile male in stature (-2 cm), a 35th percentile male in weight (-7 kg), a 96th percentile female in stature (+11 cm) and a 69th percentile female in weight (+8 kg). The BioRID II was designed to represent a male driver. The BioRID II backset corresponded well with the average of the male drivers of its stature. Larger deviations in backset were found for other volunteer sizes and other seating positions. The average backsets were 26 mm for females and 63 mm for males in the front seat positions. The volunteers had larger backset in the driver position (60 mm) than in the front passenger position (29 mm). Smaller differences in backset were seen between the BioRID II and the volunteers in the rear passenger position. This study provides data regarding the occupant size coverage of BioRID II, and unique data regarding backset, of different occupant positions in the car; driver with hands on steering wheel, and front and rear passengers with hands in lap, for female and male in relation to the BioRID II dummy. © 2008 Taylor & Francis.
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| 9. |
- Kiselev, A., et al.
(författare)
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Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of diisopropyl fluorophosphate and dimethyl methylphosphonate over dry and wet rutile TiO2
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A. - : Elsevier BV. - 1010-6030 .- 1873-2666. ; 184:1-2, s. 125-134
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanosized, crystalline rutile TiO2 was synthesized at room temperature using a microemulsion-mediated system followed by hydrothermal treatment. The formed rutile had a specific surface area of about 40 m(2) g(-1) and the rutile crystals had dimensions of about 10 nm x 150 nm, which aggregated into 200-1000nm sized bundles. The adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) over these rutile TiO2 nanoparticles in dry and wet synthetic air was investigated by in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy during simulated solar light illumination. The methyl and isopropyl groups do not dissociate upon adsorption on either dry or humidified rutile nanoparticles. The F atom in DFP is, however, easily hydrolyzed and is readily dissociated upon interaction with hydroxyls on the TiO2 surfaces and leads to a destabilization of the DFP molecule. The initial solar light induced photodegradation rate for DFP and DMMP is 5.9 x 10(-4) and 1.0 x 10(-4) s(-1) in dry conditions and 8.1 x 10(-4) and 0.7 x 10(-4) s(-1) in wet conditions (corresponding to 2-3 monolayers (ML) water coverage), respectively. The main intermediate partial oxidation surface products are found to be surface bound formate-carboxylate-carbonate (R-COO-) and phosphate (R-POO-) species. Among them eta(1)-coordinated acetone and mu-formate, bicarbonate, and bidentate R-POO- moieties are detected. These surface species accumulate on the surface during the entire illumination period (60 min), and lead to a decreased total oxidation rate. Controlled humidification of the rutile surface leads to a reduction of the concentration of R-COO- intermediates, while at the same time maintaining approximately the same rate of DFP and DMMP photooxidation. The latter is due to blocking of Ti surface cation sites, which prevents the formation of strongly bonded surface compounds, in particular mu-coordinated R-COO- and R-POO- species. The findings show that, it is possible to optimize the sustained photocatalytic degradation of organic phosphorous compounds by controlled humidification of the reaction gas. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Valiev, Damir, et al.
(författare)
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Heating of the fuel mixture due to viscous stress ahead of accelerating flames in deflagration-to-detonation transition
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physics Letters A. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0375-9601 .- 1873-2429. ; 372:27-28, s. 4850-4857
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of viscous stress in heating of the fuel mixture in deflagration-to-detonation transition in tubes is studied both analytically and numerically. The analytical theory is developed in the limit of low Mach number; it determines temperature distribution ahead of an accelerating flame with maximum achieved at the walls. The heating effects of viscous stress and the compression wave become comparable at sufficiently high values of the Mach number. In the case of relatively large Mach number, viscous heating is investigated by direct numerical simulations. The simulations were performed on the basis of compressible Navier–Stokes gas-dynamic equations taking into account chemical kinetics. In agreement with the theory, viscous stress makes heating and explosion of the fuel mixture preferential at the walls. The explosion develops in an essentially multi-dimensional way, with fast spontaneous reaction spreading along the walls and pushing inclined shocks. Eventually, the combination of explosive reaction and shocks evolves into detonation.
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