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- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Do unequal societies cause death and disease? : A study of the health effects on elderly of inequality in Swedish municipalities, 2006
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A lively public and academic debate has highlighted the potential health risk of living in regions and nations characterized by inequality (Wilkinson and Pickett 2007; 2009). It is argued that inequality may add to increasing health differentials over the life course. However, previous research provides so far an ambiguous picture. One explanation could be that the effect of living in more heterogeneous social settings may differ between levels of aggregation. A hypothesis is that homogeneity is positive on the national or regional level, while on a lower level of aggregation living in homogeneous settings could be detrimental for health, at least in poor neighborhoods. In this paper we present the preliminary results of our examination on how residence in unequal versus homogeneous areas is associated with health outcome of elderly people in Sweden. These first results are based on municipality level data on individuals born between 1932 and 1941 and the outcome is measured for the year 2006. Furthermore, we analyze the effect on health of income inequality (measured by Gini-coefficient) as compared to the effect of individual income and the average income level in the area. We analysed the associations both with individual-level and multi-level analysis. Our main finding is that inequality has an independent effect on mortality in the way that unequal municipalities have excessive deaths even after controlling for mean income level and personal income. This result was found not only in the individual-level analysis but also in the multilevel analysis.
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- Edvinsson, Sören, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Neighbourhood inequality as a health risk : Empirical evidence from Swedish registers
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, we explore the impact on mortality of income inequality in residential neighbourhoods and municipalities among elderly 65-84 years in the year 2004, using Swedish longitudinal micro-data covering the entire Swedish population for the period 1970 – 2006. Preliminary cross-sectional multi-level analyses are now complemented by longitudinal analyses of long-term residential histories with exposure to equal/unequal municipalities and neighbourhoods and the long-term impact on mortality. We investigate the association between mortality and income inequality at place of residence at different time lags and the effect of a summary measure of previous exposures to environments characterised by different inequality levels. We also compare groups that have different experiences of residential characteristics, i.e. those that have resided in unequal or equal places and those that have changed from equal to unequal residences or vice versa. Preliminary results from a cross-sectional analysis on 2006, show that income inequality in the municipality of residence had an independent effect on mortality in the age group 65-74 years
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- Häggström Lundevaller, Erling, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of the Rh negative disease on perinatal mortality : Evidence from Skellefteå 1840-1900
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The Rh-negative gene is a well known cause of perinatalmortality especially before there were any effective treatment. The Rh disease, that is caused by a Rh positive foetus carried by a Rh negativemother, leads to typical patterns of perinatal mortality with an increaseof mortality with parity and mortality clustered in families. This effecthas been largely neglected in earlier papers trying to explain mortalitypatterns in historic data. Objectives: This paper highlights the role of this gene in causing these patterns and tries to quantify the effect in a society with a large group of Rh-negative persons and no access to treatment. Methods: The risks of the Rh disease is approximately known from the medical literature. Knowing family sizes and the approximate share of Rh negative genes the ”theoretical” patterns of perinatal mortality can becalculated and simulated. Comparing these figures with observed patterns of perinatal deaths the relative importance of Rh factor can be estimated.We have used data from 1840-1900 in the Swedish parish of Skellefteå where we have data on all births and their outcomes as well as good estimates of the Rh negative gene frequency. Results: The results show that the Rh gene is likely to have had an important role in perinatal mortality and the patterns with more dead at high parities and clustering explaining a relatively large part of these phenomenon in high Rh negative gene societies. Conclusions: The paper shows that the Rh-disease is an important fac-tor in understanding mortality patterns. Its great effect on the patterns makes it necessary to take it into account when analysing other factors that can affect perinatal mortality patterns.
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