| 1. |
- Kebede, D, et al.
(författare)
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Onset and clinical course of schizophrenia in Butajira-Ethiopia--a community-based study.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 38:11, s. 625-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There are reports on favourable course and outcome of schizophrenia in lowincome countries. The aim of the present study was to examine onset and clinical course of the illness in a community-based sample in rural Ethiopia based on crosssectional information. Method: A two-stage survey was carried out in Butajira-Ethiopia, a predominantly rural district. Altogether 68,378 individuals aged 15–49 years were CIDI-interviewed, of whom 2,159 were identified as cases according to the CIDI interview with regard to psychotic or affective disorders. Key informants identified another group of 719 individuals as being probable cases and a total of 2,285 individuals were SCAN-interviewed. The present paper reports on cases with schizophrenia. Results: There were 321 cases of schizophrenia giving an estimated lifetime prevalence of 4.7/1,000). Of the cases,83.2% (N = 267) were males. Mean age of first onset of psychotic symptoms for males was 23.8 (sd 8.6) compared to 21.0 (sd 7.8) for females (P = 0.037; 95 %CI 0.16–5.47). Over 80% had negative symptoms and over 67% reported continuous course of the illness. Less than 10% had a history of previous treatment with neuroleptic medication. About 7% were vagrants, 9 % had a history of assaultive behaviour,and 3.8% had attempted suicide. The male to female ratio was nearly 5:1. Conclusion: This large community-based study differs from most previous studies in terms of higher male to female ratio, earlier age of onset in females and the predominance of negative symptoms.
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| 2. |
- Nordström, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Do violent offenders with schizophrenia who attack family members differ from those with other victims?
- 2003
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Ingår i: International Journal of Forensic Mental Health. - 1499-9013 .- 1932-9903. ; 2:2, s. 195-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do violent offenders with schizophrenia who attack family members differ from those with other victims?Data on individual background factors were collected on all male offenders of violent crimes who for theirfirst time were subject to forensic psychiatric evaluation in Sweden between 1992 and 2000 and were diagnosedwith schizophrenia. In addition to descriptive data for the whole sample, analyses were made in order toidentify possible characteristic factors for offenders who targeted family members. In comparison to offenderswith other victims, the findings indicate an earlier onset of mental illness, in terms of that they were morelikely to have interrupted their schooling at an earlier stage, were more likely to have had psychiatriccontacts in childhood, to be younger when first compulsorily admitted to psychiatric inpatient treatment,and they were also younger when they committed the index crime. The findings suggest the need to addressthe possibility of violent behavior within the family when managing patients with major mental disorders.
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| 3. |
- Nordström, Annika, et al.
(författare)
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Victim relations and victim gender in violent crimes committed by offenders with schizophrenia
- 2003
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 38:6, s. 326-330
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Family members and friends appear to be most at risk of becoming victims of violence committed by offenders with major mental disorders. The aim of the present study is to examine, in a national sample, victim relation in violent crimes committed by male offenders with schizophrenia, with special reference to victim gender and the severity of violence. METHOD: We identified all violent offenders who were diagnosed with schizophrenia in forensic psychiatric evaluations during the years 1992-2000 and examined their court convictions. In total 588 victims were included, 327 men and 261 women, and distributed into three groups based on their relation to the offender: Family of origin (n = 77), Network (n = 183) and Unacquainted (n = 328). RESULTS: The majority of the victims were unacquainted with the offender, but the violence was less severe in this group. Among family members, e. g. parents, siblings and grandparents, there were more female than male victims (60 % vs 40 %), and victims in families, as well as males within the offender's network, were those most likely to be seriously or fatally injured. Female family victims, in particular mothers, were those most likely to die as victims of severe violence. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the risk for family members and the immediate network of becoming a target of violence. Mental health services together with community-based services have an important task in identifying risk situations and taking preventive measures.
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| 4. |
- Shibre, Teshome, et al.
(författare)
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Schizophrenia : illness impact on family members in a traditional society--rural Ethiopia.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. - : Springer. - 0933-7954 .- 1433-9285. ; 38:1, s. 27-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Studies have consistently shown that both the subjective and objective dimensions of burden among family members of schizophrenia patients and other psychiatric disorders are prevalent. However, as most of these reports were from western societies, we lack information on the subject in developing countries. Method: The study was conducted within the framework of the ongoing epidemiological study of course and outcome of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders in a rural population of 15–49 years of age. Three hundred and one cases of schizophrenia and their close relatives participated in the study. Results: Family burden is a common problem of relatives of cases with schizophrenia. Financial difficulty is the most frequently endorsed problem among the family burden domains (74.4 %). Relatives of female cases suffered significantly higher social burden (Z = 2.103; p = 0.036). Work (Z = 2.180; p = 0.029) and financial (Z = 2.088; p = 0.037) burdens affected female relatives more often than males. Disorganised symptoms were the most important factors affecting the family members in all family burden domains. Prayer was found to be the most frequently used coping strategy in work burden (adj. OR = 1.99; 95 % CI = 1.08–3.67; p = 0.026). Conclusion: Negative impact of schizophrenia on family members is substantial even in traditional societies such as those in Ethiopia where family network is strong and important. The scarce existing services in the developing countries should include family interventions and support at least in the form of educating the family members about the nature of schizophrenia illness and dealing with its stigma and family burden.
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