| 1. |
- Gustavsson, Johan, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
High speed 850nm VCSELs for >40Gb/s transmission
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OFC/NFOEC 2013. - 9781479904570 ; , s. OTh4H.4-
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- VCSELs capable of direct modulation exceeding 40Gb/s are needed in next generation optical interconnect standards. Using a refined high-speed design we demonstrate GaAs-based VCSELs having record-high 28GHz modulation bandwidth, and that operate error-free at 47Gb/s.
|
|
| 2. |
- Gustavsson, Johan, 1974, et al.
(författare)
-
High-speed, high-temperature VCSELs for optical interconnects
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 2013 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series, PSSTMS 2013. - 9781467350600 ; , s. 7-8
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Directly modulated VCSELs operating at 40Gb/s are required for next generation optical interconnect standards. Using a refined high-speed design we demonstrate GaAs-based VCSELs that operate error-free at 47Gb/s at 25°C, and 40Gb/s at 85°C.
|
|
| 3. |
- Haglund, Erik, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
850 nm datacom VCSELs for higher-speed and longer-reach transmission
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European VCSEL Day 2013.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 850 nm GaAs-based VCSEL is already the dominating technology for transmitters in optical interconnects up to 100 m in datacenters, thanks to low-cost fabrication, excellent high-speed properties at low currents and the existence of high-speed OM4 multimode fiber optimized for this particular wavelength. Future datacenters will require faster and more energy-efficient VCSELs to increase the overall bandwidth and reduce the power consumption of the datacenter network. In addition, longer-reach interconnects exceeding 1 km will also be required as datacenters grow into large multi-building complexes.By optimizing the doping profiles of the DBRs to reduce resistance, using a short (½-λ) cavity to improve longitudinal optical confinement and optimizing the photon lifetime for optimal damping, we obtained a record-high small-signal modulation bandwidth of 28 GHz for a ~4 µm oxide aperture VCSEL. A 7 µm oxide aperture VCSEL (~27 GHz bandwidth) enabled error-free transmission (bit-error-rate 300 m), the large spectral width of VCSELs leads to severe signal degradation by fiber dispersion. We have investigated two methods of fabricating low-spectral width quasi-single mode VCSELs to mitigate this problem. By using a small oxide aperture of ~3 µm, error-free transmission was achieved at 22 Gbit/s over 1.1 km of OM4 fiber. An alternative approach is to use an integrated mode filter in the form of a shallow surface relief to reduce the spectral width of the VCSEL. The mode filter allows for the use of a larger oxide aperture and thereby enables a lower resistance and operation at a lower current density. A 5 µm oxide aperture VCSEL with a mode filter enabled error-free transmission at 25 Gbit/s over 500 m of OM4 fiber.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Safaisini, Rashid, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
22 Gb/s error-free data transmission beyond 1 km of multi-mode fiber using 850 nm VCSELs
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9780819494085 ; 8639
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first error-free data transmission beyond 1 km of multi-mode fiber at bit-rates exceeding 20 Gb/s is demonstrated using a high modulation bandwidth, quasi-single mode (SMSR similar to 20 dB) 850 nm VCSEL. A VCSEL with small similar to 3 mu m aperture shows quasi-single mode operation with a narrow spectral width. The top mirror reflectivity of the VCSEL is optimized for high speed and high output power by shallow etching. A combination of narrow spectral width and high optical power reduces the effects of fiber dispersion and fiber and connector losses and enables such a long transmission distance at high bit-rates.
|
|
| 6. |
- Safaisini, Rashid, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
High-Speed 850 nm Quasi-Single Mode VCSELs for Extended Reach Optical Interconnects
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. - 1943-0620 .- 1943-0639. ; 5:7, s. 686-695
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents recent results on high-speed, quasi-single-mode, 850 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with a narrow spectral width for extended-reach optical interconnects. The top mirror reflectivity is adjusted for high output power, slope efficiency, and small signal modulation bandwidth. An oxide confined VCSEL with an ∼3 μm aperture diameter delivers 2 mW of output power and reaches a resonance frequency as high as 25 GHz and a modulation bandwidth exceeding 20 GHz. A small K-factor of 0.17 ns and a large D-factor of 17.3 GHz/mA1/2, extracted from the VCSEL modulation response, along with the improved DC and modal properties enable energy-efficient data transmission at high bit rates over long-distance multimode fiber. Error-free transmission at bit rates exceeding 20 Gbits/s over 1.1 km of OM4 fiber is demonstrated and shown to be limited mainly by the photoreceiver bandwidth. A theoretical investigation of the dependence of link performance on photoreceiver bandwidth is also presented.
|
|
| 7. |
- Szczerba, Krzysztof, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
60 Gbits error-free 4-PAM operation with 850 nm VCSEL
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 49:15, s. 953-955
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 60 Gbits over 2 m, 50 Gbits over 50 m and 40 Gbits was transmitted over 100 m of OM4 multimode fibre using four-level pulse amplitude modulation and a directly modulated 850 nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL).
|
|
| 8. |
- Szczerba, Krzysztof, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of Intersymbol Interference Power Penalties for OOK and 4-PAM in Short-Range Optical Links
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 31:22, s. 3525-3534
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results of experimental and theoretical investigations of intersymbol interference in 4-PAM transmission in short-range optical communications links based on the power penalty. A test link comprised of a directly modulated 850 nm VCSEL with up to 200 m of multimode fiber and direct detection was used. The link bandwidth was below 10 GHz and the maximum achieved data rate with 4-PAM was 44 Gbps over 100 m of fiber. In the same case and at similar sensitivity, only 32 Gbps could be achieved with OOK. If typical forward error correction could be applied, the sensitivity of the 4-PAM system was improved by up to 4 dB, reaching -10 dBm at 25 Gbps.
|
|
| 9. |
- Westbergh, Petter, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
High-speed 850 nm VCSELs operating error free up to 57 Gbit/s
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Electronics Letters. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1350-911X .- 0013-5194. ; 49:16, s. 1021-1023
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Error-free transmission is demonstrated at bit rates up to 57 Gbit/s back-to-back, up to 55 Gbit/s over 50 m fibre and up to 43 Gbit/s over 100 m fibre using an oxide-confined 850 nm high-speed vertical cavity surface-emitting laser with a photon lifetime optimised for high-speed data transmission.
|
|
| 10. |
- Westbergh, Petter, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
High-speed 850 nm VCSELs with 28 GHz modulation bandwidth for short reach communication
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE. - 0277-786X .- 1996-756X. - 9780819494085 ; 8639
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present results from our new generation of high performance 850 nm oxide confined vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). With devices optimized for high-speed operation under direct modulation, we achieve record high 3dB modulation bandwidths of 28 GHz for similar to 4 mu m oxide aperture diameter VCSELs, and 27 GHz for devices with a similar to 7 mu m oxide aperture diameter. Combined with a high-speed photoreceiver, the similar to 7 mu m VCSEL enables error-free transmission at data rates up to 47 Gbit/s at room temperature, and up to 40 Gbit/s at 85 degrees C.
|
|
