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| 2. |
- Ahrne, Göran
(författare)
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Delvis människa, delvis organisation
- 1993
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 30:1, s. 59-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Partly human, partly organizationIn this article the phenomenon of organization is discussed and its consequences for the understanding of human actions and human choices are examined. Affiliation to organizations are found to be both restrictions on and preconditions for most human action. In this connection families are regarded as organizations as well as enterprises, voluntary associations and states. Human action is primarily action on behalf of organizations where individuals are partly human, partly organization. To understand the meaning of action on behalf of organization it is important to realize that people rarely choose their organizational affiliation. People are selected. This means that actions on behalf of organizations cannot be regarded as expressions of individual choices. Actions on behalf of organizations are generally characterized by a dual involvement.
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| 3. |
- Darvishpour, Mehrdad, 1960-
(författare)
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En bild av kvinnornas försämrade situation i Iran
- 1993
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 30:3, s. 47-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A picture of the deteriorating situation for women in IranAfter the Islamic Revolution in Iran 1978-79, the situation has become much worse for women, in terms of rights and resources. The aim of this article is to describe this change with the help of demographic data and to argue that it is the result of the repressive policy of the Islamic regime and, ultimately, of islamic ideology. In particular, Iranian women suffer from the return to more traditional laws of marriage and from reduced opportunities to get an education, or a job.
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| 5. |
- Berggren, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Pyramider eller horisontella nät? Kreativitet, kompetensutveckling och prestationskrav i olika slags industriella produktionssystem
- 1993
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 30:3, s. 30-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pyramids or horisontal nets? Creativity, competence and performance in different types of production systemsIn recent years, we have witnessed a marked increase in the international interest in industrial networks and in relations between manufacturers and suppliers. An important reason for this is the expansion of the Japanese automobile industry. This industry is organized into a huge structure of subcontractors, vertically related and dominated by demanding large-scale enterprises. An entirely different pattern can be found, especially in northern Italy, but also in southern Germany and in Denmark, where enterprises form horisontal networks. In these geographically dense areas, small and medium-sized firms both cooperate and compete intensely. The respective roles of suppliers and manufacturer are diffuse, social mobility is high and the development of new products rapid. Swedish research on working life has tended to focus on processes within firms and public administration. Industrial structure has largely been accepted as given, while its effects on competence and performance has been neglected areas of research. In this article a research project is presented, which aims at investigating the effects of industrial structure on the developmental potential of, and work conditions in, firms. Our intention is to study vertical pyramids, especially in the automobile industry, and horisontal networks in, for instance, the sailing-boat industry. A central problem concern the effects of different types of industry on creativity and scope for action in small and medium-sized companies.
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| 6. |
- Björnberg, Ulla
(författare)
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Familjepolitik i EG-länderna ur ett kvinnoperspektiv
- 1993
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 30:3, s. 3-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Family policies in the EC-countries from a female perspectiveThe purpose of this article is to problematize the family policies in the EC-countries from a female perspective. The article emphasizes the family policies as motherhood policies in the twelve EC-countries. In my examples, I have focussed particularly on the phase of childbirth and the care for small children in the family cycle. My interest is to analyze the implication of the family policies for women’s life chances, integrity and autonomy. In the article, an overview of the rules that afflict mothers’ possibilities to be employed and attain autonomy is presented. A majority of the EC-countries have introduced separate taxation between spouses with the motivation to stimulate women’s employment. Many rights concerning possibilites to conciliate employment and family have been introduced in the EC-countries during the late 1980’s and the early 1990’s. The rule systems are difficult to grasp and appear to work in the opposite direction in their consequences, which renders comparisons between the countries more difficult. Many questions can be asked concerning the joint effects of the taxation system, allowance regulations and rights concerning possibilities to conciliate employment and family for women in different social strata respectively, and detailed studies of how the rule systems work for these women in different social strata are required. A general conclusion is that mothers are nowadays granted the right to employment and the right to keep it when they have children. Men have almost in all EC-countries received extended possibilities to take leave in connection to their becoming fathers. Simultaneously, married/cohabitant women’s economic dependence on men is asserted/reinforced by tax-systems, allowance regulations and shortages of child care. I also stress the need to study rules within the different social security systems in detail. This becomes particularly relevant when one studies women, since social security systems are based on paid work. Since women have salaried work on odder premises, they run the risk of not qualifying for support or not being insured at all. In the article, I argue the family policies shall be directed more particularly towards theproblems of the women and the children in the families. The gender-neutral perspective that in most cases is pre-dominant is in fact a male perspective. It is chiefly mothers who put the most effort and time into families. It is mothers that de facto have the main responsibility for the children in the family. Therefore it is also essential that the family policies more consciously proceed to strengthen the women’s (and the children’s) position and direct measures towards the problems that mothers have in families.
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| 7. |
- Dryler, Helen
(författare)
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Flyttningar, socialt stöd och psykisk ohälsa
- 1993
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 30:1, s. 46-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Internal migration, social support and mental illnessThis paper analyses whether internal migration has any negative effects on the mental health of mobile individuals. The study is based on 2042 persons who were interviewed in both the 1974 and 1981 Swedish level of living survey. Mental health is measured by several questions to the respondents about his/her psychological well-being and analyzed by means of logistic regression. For mobile men it is found that their mental health is poorer compared with non-mobile men; for women no such effect is found. Furthermore, the higher risk for mental ill health among mobile men can to a small degree be explained by health selection and social support. Before their migration the male migrants were in worse mental condition than the male non-migrants and the social support they received at their new place of residence was lower. The most striking result however, is that, among men, an interaction effect is found between geographical mobility and social support. Mobile men with low social support experience much more mental strain than both mobile men with high social support and non-mobile m en (with or without social support).
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| 8. |
- Ekström, Mats
(författare)
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Sociologiska förklaringar och variabelanalysens gränser. En kritisk analys med exempel från medicinsk sociologi
- 1993
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 30:2, s. 26-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sociological explanation and the limits of variable analysis. A critical analysis with examples from medical sociologyIn this article there is presented a critical analysis of variable-oriented methodology and its possibilities of generating sociological explanations, this with concrete examples from medical sociology. Three types of causal explanations are identified: (1) causality as quantitative distributions, (2) causality as substantial and contextual relations and processes, and (3) causality as abstract properties and mechanisms. These types of causality correspond to different dimensions of the object of sociology. The article brings into focus the limited possibilities of variable analysis when it comes to: (1) bridging the often large gap between abstract structures and contextual observable actions and conditions, (2) paying regard to the contextual constitution of social properties, (3) providing new knowledge concerning the substantive content of causal relations and processes, (4) creating quasiexperimental closures anchored in the open and complex social reality, and (5) providing knowledge of internal relations and of dynamic and creative processes.
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| 10. |
- Forsberg, Pia
(författare)
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Valfrihet och välfärd. En diskussion och analys av det liberala valfrihetsbegreppet
- 1993
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 30:2, s. 59-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Freedom of choice and welfare. A discussion and analysis of the neo-liberal concept of freedom of choiceSweden is today witnessing large changes within its welfare sector which has been driven through by the present government. In this paper the ideological basis for the present politics is regarded as constituting two apparent contradictory demands. On the one hand there is the demand for “more family” and on the other, the demand for “more market". This paradox by the government can be solved by the use of the vague concept “freedom of choice”. This paper is an attempt to formulate and understand the concept, that is, to analyse its meaning and social consequences. The government’s key strategy is to make the “welfare-consumer” vote with his/her feet and to leave one service for another, so in this way they can express preferences on a market. By doing so they will not only become more satisfied themselves, but they can also exercise influence over the whole institution. Subsequently the “invisible hand” will automatically create efficency and quality. This paper argues that to properly understand the possibilities of and obstacles to a more substantial freedom of choice within social welfare, it is necessary to proceed from the characterstic distinguishing qualities of different services. This is illustrated by a comparison between the dental service and child care. It is less complicated to replace one dentist for another, than to break down the interwoven ties between a child, a parent and an institution because the choice in the second case is more socially embedded and restricted. It is the governments intention to reduce political influence over welfare production and increase the power of markets and economic steering, i.e . to encourage influence and steering by “exit” instead of “voice” (Hirschman 1972) which they believe will increase the individuals freedom of choice. This is a much more complicated matter than is generally agreed by the government, and implies social consequences which it has not taken into account.
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