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Träfflista för sökning "AMNE:(ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Environmental Engineering Energy Systems) srt2:(1990-1994)"

Sökning: AMNE:(ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Environmental Engineering Energy Systems) > (1990-1994)

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  • Månsson, Bengt, 1953-, et al. (författare)
  • Ecology, Thermodynamics and H.T. Odum's Conjectures
  • 1993
  • Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 93:4, s. 582-596
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The central rôle of energy in all life processes has led to the development of numerous hypotheses, conjectures and theories on the relationships between thermodynamics and ecological processes. In this paper we examine the theoretical and empirical support for these developments, and in particular for the widely published set of thermodynamic conjectures developed by H.T. Odum, in which the maximum power principle is put forward as a generic feature of evolution in ecosystems. Although widely used, we argue that many of the ecological studies that have adopted the ideas encapsulated in Odums work, have done so without being aware of some of the fundamental problems underlying this approach. We discuss alternative ways in which a general available-work concept could be constructed for use as a numeraire in an energy-centered ecological theory or paradigm. In so doing, we examine what is meant by material accessibility and energy stocks and flows with respect to traditional food web and food chain theories, and relate these to results from the evolutionary dynamics of ecosystems. We conclude that the various forms and uses of energy bound up in essential ecosystem processes present a formidable obstacle to obtaining an operational definition of a general, aggregated available-work concept, a prerequisite for the systems approach of Odum and others. We also show that the prototypical derivations of the maximum power principle, and its interpretation, are contradicted on many scales both by empirical data and models, thereby invalidating the maximum power principle as a general principle of ecological evolution. The conclusions point to the fundamental problem of trying to describe ecosystems in a framework which has a one-dimensional currency.
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  • Andersson, Maria, 1965- (författare)
  • Cost-effective incentives for local electric utilities and industries in co-operation : modelling of technical measures
  • 1993
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • In the Swedish electricity system there is a great potential for increasing the cost efficiency of the electricity use. However, today the economic incentives, offered for instance by existing electricity rates, are too weak to improve the use of the system. On the Swedish electricity market there are, at least, three different actors, the power producer, the distributor and the customer. Today these actors act separately due to low awareness of the costs for electricity generation, over the year and the day. If the actors are aware of the real electricity costs, cost-effective incentives will arise to introduce energy system measures that will reduce the energy system cost considerably. The thesis presents two energy system analyses of an existing Swedish municipality. The first analysis deals with the introduction of industrial end-use measures, with the local utility’s existing electricity rates as boundary conditions. The analysis is carried out with a simulation model for electricity use in industries. The second analysis deals with the introduction of energy system measures, on the municipal supply-side and demand-side, when the local electric utility and the customers are regarded as one system. The analysis is carried out with an optimization model, that is based on linear programming. The results show that if 17 industries introduce end-use measures, with the existing electricity rates as boundary conditions, their energy system costs will be reduced by 12 MSEK for a time period of 10 years, whereas the local utility will increase its energy system cost by 6 MSEK. However, if there is a co-operation between the local electric utility and the customers, their joint energy system cost will be reduced by 330 MSEK for a time period of 10 years.
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  • Eriksson, K.-E., et al. (författare)
  • Exergi (Exergy)
  • 1991
  • Ingår i: Nationalencyklopedien, Vol. 6. - Höganäs : Bra Böckers Förlag.
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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