| 1. |
- Baresel, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Uncertainty-Accounting Environmental Policy and Management of Water Systems
- 2007
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Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 41:10, s. 3653–3659-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental policies for water quality and ecosystemmanagement do not commonly require explicit stochasticaccounts of uncertainty and risk associated with thequantification and prediction of waterborne pollutant loadsand abatement effects. In this study, we formulate andinvestigate a possible environmental policy that does requirean explicit stochastic uncertainty account. We compareboth the environmental and economic resource allocationperformance of such an uncertainty-accounting environmentalpolicy with that of deterministic, risk-prone and riskaverseenvironmental policies under a range of differenthypothetical, yet still possible, scenarios. The comparisonindicates that a stochastic uncertainty-accountingpolicy may perform better than deterministic policies overa range of different scenarios. Even in the absence ofreliable site-specific data, reported literature values appearto be useful for such a stochastic account of uncertainty.
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| 2. |
- Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design
- 2009
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Ingår i: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
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| 3. |
- Guziana, Bozena, 1963-
(författare)
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Product and production related dimensions of environmental work in the Swedish environmental technology industry.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference. Track 4B Clean products and production: implementing zero. Utrecht University, Netherlands July 5-8, 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Production and product related environmental impacts are treated differently, and are not always clearly differentiated in different environmental tools and guidelines. The companies within environmental technology are not always aware of these dimensions in information about their environmental engagement. Companies within this sector should increase their use of both product and production related environmental profile information in their presentation at their own websites and at platforms such as Swentec. The paper reveals confusion in the use of the term ‘process’ for both the companies’ own production processes and for companies’ products. Companies which deliver ’processes’ as their products should in order to avoid obscurity describe companies’ own operations with terms such as ‘production process’, ‘production’ ‘manufacturing process’, ‘operation’ or ‘activity’.
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| 4. |
- Bertling, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Model studies of corrosion induced copper runoff fate in soil
- 2006
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Ingår i: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. - 0730-7268 .- 1552-8618. ; 25:3, s. 683-691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Laboratory experiments have been performed with 3-cm soil columns simulating the fate of corrosion-induced copper runoff in contact with soil. The investigation simulates approximately 30 years (assuming an infiltration surplus of 25 cm/year) of continuous percolation of copper containing runoff water of a concentration realistic at the immediate release situation (4.8 mg/L) into four soils representative of urban conditions. Two of the three investigated topsoils reached their breakthrough of copper within the simulated time, while the third topsoil did not show a breakthrough. The subsoil reached a breakthrough after approximately 10 years of simulated exposure. To simulate more realistic outdoor scenarios, the laboratory-obtained breakthrough curves were modeled with Hydrus-1D (R) using a Langmuir-Freundlich model to describe copper sorption, the parameters of which were estimated from soil properties (pH, organic carbon content). The model predicts longer breakthrough times with increasing pH and organic content of the soil and with decreasing concentrations of copper and dissolved organic carbon in the runoff water. The time span for copper in runoff water (at concentrations of 0.01-10 mg/L) to reach a soil depth of 50 cm varied between 170 and more than 8,000 years for the predicted field scenarios.
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| 5. |
- Höjer, Mattias, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Scenarios in selected tools for environmental systems analysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 16:18, s. 1958-1970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of different tools for analysing environmental impacts of different systems have been developed. These include procedural tools such as strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and environmental management systems (EMS) as well as analytical ones such as life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and the system of economic and environmental accounts (SEEA) including input-output analysis (IOA). Descriptions or scenarios of the future are typically relevant elements in these tools, since they are often used to describe impacts in the future. For futures studies a number of different approaches and techniques have been developed. In an earlier paper we have presented a typology of different types of scenarios that respond to different types of questions. These include predictive scenarios, explorative scenarios and normative scenarios. The aim of this paper is to explore connections between selected tools for environmental systems analysis and different scenario types. Although there is a clear need for futures studies in several tools for environmental systems analysis, it is interesting to note that the literature on methodologies for and case studies of combinations of futures studies and environmental systems analysis tools is rather limited. This suggests that there is a need for further research in this area including both methodoloy and practical case studies.
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| 6. |
- Mutavchi, Viacheslav (published under the name Moutavtchi, Viatheslav), et al.
(författare)
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Application of the WAMED Model to Landfilling
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1438-4957 .- 1611-8227. ; 10:1, s. 62-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A cost methodology is proposed for evaluating the ecological-economic efficiency of a municipal solid waste management scheme based on the recommendations of cost-benefit analysis and the full-cost accounting methodology for municipal solid waste management. The methodology employs the previously introduced waste managements' efficient decision (WAMED) model and the company statistical business tool for environmental recovery (COSTBUSTER) indicator. A case study presents the practical application of the proposed cost-benefit analysis-based theory to the landfilling concept currently applied in Kalmar, Sweden. It is concluded that the presented provisions for evaluation of the ecological-economic efficiency of a municipal solid waste management scheme reflect a novel integrated approach to solving the problem of simultaneously decreasing the negative impacts of municipal solid waste on the environment and the health of the population while providing an information support tool for decision making in municipal solid waste management at regional and municipal levels to improve small-and medium-sized company competitiveness in particular.
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| 7. |
- Guziana, Bozena, 1963-
(författare)
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Is the Swedish environmental goods and services industry ‘green’?
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 15th Annual International Sustainable Development Research Conference. Track 4B Clean products and production: implementing zero. Utrecht University, Netherlands July 5-8, 2009.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental technology sector (ETS) delivers environmentally preferably products. Little is known about whether these companies set environmental objectives relating to their own production processes. This paper presents results from an online survey on environmental work in enterprises listed by the Swedish Environmental Technology Council (Swentec). The survey found that only 21 % to 45 % of companies provide information about environmental work on their website. This paper proposes environmental aspects in production and product as bases for corporate greening, as well as defining ‘green’ and ‘green-green’ business and concludes that companies within environmental industry should be expected to be green-green business. Key words: Environmental technology sector, environmental goods and services, clean technology, ‘green’ business, ‘green-green’ business
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| 8. |
- Thorin, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Examination med hjälp av dagbok- erfarenheter från en kurs tillhörande civilingenjörsutbildningen i samhällsteknik vid Mälardalens högskola
- 2007
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett intressant sätt att kombinera examination och inlärning är att examinera genom att studenterna under kursens gång får skriva dagbok och göra reflektioner över sin egen inlärning. Fördelen är också att det befrämjar kontinuerlig inlärning. Vi har provat denna examinationsform i en kurs tillhörande årskurs 4 inom vår civilingenjörsutbildning (civilingenjör i samhällsteknik). En stor del av kursen består av ett projektarbete och anledningen till att vi från början valde dagbok som examinationsform var att vi bedömde att vi därmed skulle få större möjligheter att göra en rättvis bedömning av studenternas individuella kunskaper. Kursen gick första gången under vårterminen 2006 och för andra gången vårtterminen 2007. Våra erfarenheter är övervägande positiva men det finns också nackdelar och svårigheter som t ex lärarinsats, studenters ovana vid formen och kriterier för betygssättning.
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| 9. |
- Waara, Sylvia, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of a constructed wetland system for treatment of landfill leachate.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Waste 2008. Waste and Resource management-A shared responsibility. - Stanton-on-the-Wolds : Waste Conference Ltd.. ; , s. 655-667, s. 655-667
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The performance of a constructed wetland for treatment of landfill leachate has been evaluated based upon data obtained during 4 years (2003-2006). It consists of a series of 10 ponds with a total capacity of 52.000 m3 covering 8 ha. Using univariate and multivariate statistics (PCA) the reduction pattern of a large number of chemical parameters including heavy metals has been investigated in 3 parts of the wetland with equal volume. Analyses show that many parameters are removed to the greatest extent in the first part of the system (e.g. many heavy metals, total suspended solids) or the second part of the system (N-NH4) while other parameters such as total nitrogen are more gradually reduced (10 ton/year removed). Toxicity testing with 5 bioassays showed that toxicity was sometimes observed at the inlet but no toxicity was observed at the outlet for 4 of the test species. The data presented will be used for optimizing the treatment process as well as to improve the monitoring program.
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| 10. |
- Enroth, Maria, 1960-
(författare)
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Developing tools for sustainability management in the graphic arts industry
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main aim of this thesis is to develop and test industry-specific, applied work procedures and tools for environmental and emerging sustainability work in the graphic arts industry. This includes methods to quantify, follow-up, evaluate, manage, improve and communicate the environmental performance of activities in the graphic arts supply chain and printed products.In order to achieve the aims of the thesis, a selection of work areas were chosen as the basis for developing the industry-specific work procedures and tools. The selected work areas are the following: environmental management (being a part of sustainability management), environmental and sustainability strategies, environmental indicators and design for environment (DfE).The research presented in this thesis was based on survey research methods, case studies and multi-company studies. Within the framework of these methods, quantitative and qualitative techniques for data gathering were used. The companies included in the studies were selected according to their willingness, interest and motivation to participate and develop their environmental or sustainability work.The most significant results of the research presented in this thesis regarding the selected work areas are the following:• An evaluation of early certified environmental management systems (EMSs) in Sweden identified four areas as priorities in making the EMSs more efficient. Two of them, viz. improvement in the follow-up of environmental work, and the linking of EMSs to product design, were developed for the graphic arts industry. The remaining two areas were clarifying the identification process and assessment of environmental aspects, and streamlining and co-ordinating different management systems.• An established and successfully tested working method for formulating and realising corporate sustainability strategies in the graphic arts industry.• Industry-specific environmental indicator models for the graphic arts industry with defined methods for standardised inventorying and calculations. These models have been tested, used and approved of by the industry itself.• Collected and compiled data for the developed environmental indicator models. Data have been collected from quite a large number of companies (10-20 companies for each of the printing techniques covered, i.e. coldset offset, heatset offset and gravure) over a period of several years.• The use of the industry-specific environmental indicator models was developed and illustrated.• A described and recommended work procedure for DfE in graphic arts companies including industry-specific tools for applying DfE to printed products, in the form of a manual and a checklist. The checklist was designed so that it can serve as a simple tool for the environmental assessment of printed products. The tools were tested by graphic arts companies.
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