| 1. |
- Müllersdorf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Occupation as described by novice occupational therapy students in Sweden : the first step in a theory generative process grounded in empirical data
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:1, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A core assumption in occupational therapy is that occupation enhances health. This study is one of a series of planned studies carried out in Sweden, with the overall aim to develop a theory, based on empirical grounds, concerning the dimensions of occupation that may be useful in occupational therapy. The specific aim for this study is to examine the dimensions of occupation as generally understood among novice occupational therapy students. Grounded Theory was the chosen method. Data were collected among occupational therapy students. The students wrote down spontaneously what they considered to be included in activity. A preliminary core category ‘‘The what, why, and how of occupation’’ and five other categories emerged from the analysis: (1) The doing and context of occupation; (2) Motive for occupation; (3) Time and place for occupation; (4) Type of participation; and (5) Outcome of occupation. Relationships between the categories were established between the Motive for occupation and Outcome of occupation, which constitute a kind of prerequisite for occupation. The three remaining categories: The doing and context of occupation, Time and place for occupation, and Type of participation established a form for occupation. In conclusion, the study results illuminated the richness of the concept of occupation and support the core assumption in occupational therapy that occupation enhances health.
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| 2. |
- Kjellin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Activity-based assessment (BIA)-inter-rater reliability and staff experiences
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:2, s. 75-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The BIA method, based on assessment of patients in activities, was developed to enable reliable assessment of clients' occupational functioning. The method evaluates the patient's ego functions and capacity for activity and participation. The aims of this study were to examine inter-rater reliability for the BIA method and to compare the experiences of staff working with the BIA with those of staff using standard assessment (SA). In SA, the patient's activity problems and capacities were assessed without using any structured protocol. Four staff members worked according to the BIA method and eight according to SA. The estimation of reliability was based on data from 14 patients who went trough the BIA and were assessed by five staff members. These assessments resulted in all in about 400 statements, which were classified and compared for agreement between raters. In order to address the aim concerning staff experiences, a questionnaire was filled out anonymously by the staff. The inter-rater reliability of the nine ego functions varied from 0.76 to 1.00. The scale was deemed appropriate by the BIA staff and they had significantly higher median ratings on work satisfaction and appropriateness than the SA staff. In conclusion, the inter-rater reliability of the BIA was found to be good. The BIA method also seems to have a high degree of appropriateness, constituting a promising assessment tool when occupational functioning is addressed.
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| 3. |
- Frisk, Margot, et al.
(författare)
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An investigation of the housing environment for persons with asthma and persons without asthma
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 13:1, s. 4-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is a chronic disease affected by environmental factors that may increase symptoms that impact on a persons' well-being. An important issue in occupational therapy is to improve the relationship between a person's functional capacity and the physical environment. The aim of the study was to compare the housing environment of persons with asthma (cases, n=49) and persons without asthma (controls, n=48), with regard to building construction and condition, physical, chemical and biological factors, and cleaning routines. A secondary aim was to compare different types of accommodation within cases and controls. A specialist team, including a construction engineer, a biological scientist, and an occupational therapist, conducted the study. Data were collected using protocols, as well as a number of established technical methods from the field of occupational and environmentsl medicine. The primary results showed no major differences in the housing environment between the two groups. However, in individual homes environmental factors at levels that could increase symptoms were identified. When single-familyhouses were compared with multi-family houses, significant differences were found indicating that preventive interventions may be needed in some single-family houses. Further studies are needed to clarify the person-environment relationship for persons with asthma, focusing on their ability to perform daily activities.
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| 4. |
- Claesson, Lisbeth, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive impairment after stroke - impact on activities of daily living and costs of care for elderly people. The Göteborg 70+ Stroke Study.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland). - : S. Karger AG. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 19:2, s. 102-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The economic burden of stroke is substantial and is likely to increase with an increasing number of elderly individuals in the population. There is thus a need for information on the use of health care resources and costs among these elderly stroke patients. We examined the impact of the cognitive impairments on the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) and utilization and costs of health care in a cohort of elderly stroke patients. METHODS: One hundred and forty-nine patients aged >/=70 years with acute stroke were included. The patients were assessed regarding their ability to carry out ADL and health resource utilization and cost during the first year after stroke. Cognitive impairments were assessed 18 months after the index stroke. RESULTS: Stroke severity in acute stroke and cognitive impairment at 18 months after stroke onset was associated with impairment in ADL and increased costs for utilisation of care during the first year. Patients with cognitive impairment were more dependent on personal assistance in ADL. Costs per patient during the study were three times higher for patients with cognitive impairment. Hospital care, institutional living and different kinds of support from society accounted for the highest costs. CONCLUSIONS: Costs of care utilisation during the first year after stroke were associated with cognitive impairments, stroke severity and dependence in ADL. The results should be interpreted cautiously as the assessment of cognitive function was made 18 months after stroke onset and costs were estimated for the first year after stroke.
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| 5. |
- Pettersson, Ingvor, et al.
(författare)
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Lifeworld perspectives on assistive devices : lived experiences of spouses of persons with stroke.
- 2005
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 12:4, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to explore how spouses of persons with a disability following stroke describe their lived experiences regarding assistive devices in everyday life. A phenomenological lifeworld approach was used and conversational interviews were conducted with 12 spouses. Their lived experiences of assistive devices were explored in relation to four lifeworld existentials intertwined in everyday life. The results showed that lived body concerns aspects of feelings, habits, and incorporation of the devices with one's own body. The devices are, from the spouses' perspective, a prerequisite for their partner with stroke living at home. Successively the devices are incorporated into the couples' homes, and they provide a new view of the environment, aspects related to lived space. The devices bring about a changed relation to lived time, related to past, present, and future. Further, lived human relation concerns changed relationships to husbands/wives with stroke, including a great responsibility due to the devices and their usage. The results also included stigmatizing aspects and a twofold relationship to health professionals regarding participation in decisions about prescribing assistive devices. Understanding the unique meaning of assistive devices from the spouses' perspective is vital for occupational therapists prescribing such devices.
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| 6. |
- Isaksson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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To regain participation in occupations through human encounters : narratives from women with spinal cord injury
- 2007
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 29:22, s. 1679-1688
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. To gain an understanding of how women with spinal cord injury (SCI) experienced human encounters in occupations and how these influenced their participation. Method. The data were collected through two or three in-depth interviews with 13 women (age 25 - 61 years) with SCI. Data analysis was carried out by using a paradigmatic analysis of narrative data, followed by an interpretation based on a narrative theory. Results. The results showed a complexity where the women's experiences and acting in human encounters changed over time. In these human encounters the women struggled with conflicts, supported other persons that were insecure and revaluated their apprehension about persons in their social network. These multidimensional human encounters thereby enabled them to regain participation in occupations. Conclusions. This shows that human encounters are important for persons with disabilities so they can restructure their occupational identity and their needs for participation in occupations. The study also showed that the use of narratives as a tool within rehabilitation could lead to an increased understanding of the subjective changes that occur over time for a person with a disability
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Ines, et al.
(författare)
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Continuing to work after the onset of rheumatoid arthritis
- 2007
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Ingår i: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 28:4, s. 335-342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this qualitative study was to explore and describe what have made it possible for a group of people with rheumatoid arthritis to remain in work. There were ten participants, six women and four men, aged from 32 to 59. They were working either full time or part-time, at the time the study was conducted. Data was gathered using focus group interviews. The transcribed interviews were analysed in accordance with the constant comparative method. The result showed that the assets the individuals possessed and the character of the environment in which they worked were important reasons why they were able to remain in employment. Four main categories were identified: the constructive value of work, the characteristics of work, physical health and well-being and the understanding and support of colleagues. The findings support a client-centred occupational therapy and rehabilitation, where the experiences of the person provide the reason for the intervention.
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| 8. |
- Frisk, Margot L. A., 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Can a housing environmental index establish associations between indoor risk indicators and clinical tests in persons with asthma?
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Health Research. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0960-3123 .- 1369-1619. ; 19:6, s. 389-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate the associations between indoor risk indicators, identified by a Housing Environmental index (HE-index), and clinical tests of lung function, allergy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). Forty-nine eligible subjects participated in the investigation. The HE-index was based on national and international guidelines and related to measurements of humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, allergens and occurrence of tobacco smoke and pets. Only 18% of the investigated homes did not have any of the risk indicators. Statistically significant associations were found between exposure to mites and lung function, and to a lesser degree in BHR for subjects living in homes with pets. The cut-off levels in the HE-index were not specifically related to health effects and may therefore have been too high for sensitive persons. Further studies are needed to establish relevant guidelines for the identification of risk indicators in the housing environment for persons with asthma.
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| 9. |
- Holmqvist, Kajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational therapists' descriptions of their work with persons suffering from cognitive impairment following acquired brain injury
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London, UK : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 16:1, s. 13-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present study was to investigate how Swedish occupational therapists’ describe their work with persons suffering from cognitive impairment following acquired brain injury. A qualitative descriptive approach was used and interviews were conducted with 12 occupational therapists working in community and county council care. Qualitative content analysis was used and revealed three main themes: 1) “To make the invisible visible”, 2) “To collaborate- a prerequisite for success” and 3) “Dilemmas to handle”. The findings showed a complex scenario where the occupational therapists worked to make the cognitive impairments visible to themselves, the clients, and persons close to the client. Collaboration was perceived as a key factor. The dilemmas concerned different aspects in the rehabilitation process, which affected the occupational therapists’ work with the clients. Identified areas in need of improvement are prioritisations and additional education regarding both intervention methods and theory. A reluctance to use standardised assessments was expressed and research that identifies and overcomes those hindrances in clinical practice is needed. Therapeutic use of self was described as important. To understand and illuminate the occupational therapists’ comprehension of the concept further research is required.
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| 10. |
- Pettersson, Ingvor, et al.
(författare)
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Lifeworld perspectives utilizing assistive devices : individuals, lived experience following a stroke
- 2007
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Revue Canadienne d`Ergotèrapie. - Toronto : Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists. - 0008-4174. ; 74:1, s. 15-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In lifeworld research, the individual's experience of meaning is of primary importance.PURPOSE: This paper explores how individuals post stroke who have a disability, described their personal meaning and lived experiences associated with the use of assistive devices.METHODS: A hermeneutic-phenomenological research approach was used. A conversational interview was conducted with 22 post-stroke individuals regarding their daily experiences utilizing assistive devices.RESULTS: The results showed a dual experience regarding the use of assistive devices, which is often complex and contradictory. The devices were viewed as a prerequisite for well-being and independence but at the same time, the devices gave rise to negative feelings because of the restrictions implied by their use. These dual experiences were explored in relation to the lived body, space, relations to others, and time.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study will facilitate occupational therapists understanding of an individual's experiences utilizing assistive devices and their need for support with this process.
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