| 1. |
- Johansson, Gunvi, et al.
(författare)
-
Measuring oral health from a public health perspective
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Swedish Dental Journal. - Stockholm : Swedish Dental Journal. - 0347-9994. ; 32:3, s. 125-137
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper aims to analyse measures of oral health-related quality of life (OHQOL) from a Public Health perspective. Twenty-two measures were analysed conceptually as to their mirroring of the Public Health principles: empowerment, participation, holism and equity. Elements of empowerment were found in connection with application of the measures. Participation was found in using lay opinions during development in 12 measures. All measures analysed had elements of a holistic approach so far that they were not wholly biological. Two measures captured positive health effects. Measures were available for all ages, various languages and populations, an element of equity. No measure was wholly compatible with Public Health. They were based on a utilitarian theory not in full accordance with modern health promotion. There is a need to develop measures that more obviously capture the positive aspects of health and health as a process, as well as the personal perspective of oral health.
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Pia, 1955-
(författare)
-
Munhälsans inverkan på ätandet
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Westergren, Albert (red.), Svårigheter att äta. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144042329 ; , s. 55-66
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 3. |
- Sjögren, P., et al.
(författare)
-
Medline search validity for randomised controlled trials in different areas of dental research
- 2002
-
Ingår i: British Dental Journal. - 0007-0610 .- 1476-5373. ; 192:2, s. 97-99
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of Medline searches for randomised controlled trials in dental research (RCT-Ds), using the medical subject headings (MeSH-terms). DESIGN: The Medline database was searched for randomised controlled trials in dental research (RCT-Ds) published in 1999 and with MeSH-terms corresponding to different areas of dental research. All RCT-Ds were manually examined for relevance to the different areas of dental research and cross-tabulated against the Medline search results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive (precision) and negative predictive values, as well as the accuracy of the search results were calculated. RESULTS: The highest validity in the Medline searches for RCT-Ds was seen for endodontics, followed by orthodontics, whereas the lowest validity was seen for pediatric dentistry and public health dentistry. For pediatric dentistry the MeSH-term searches had too low a sensitivity for adequate location of RCT-Ds. CONCLUSIONS: MeSH-term searches on Medline are a useful tool for rapid location of RCT-Ds in most areas of dental research. However, there is a vast variation in the search validity. More refined search strategies are required to locate RCT-Ds in areas of dental research with low search validity.
|
|
| 4. |
- Nordström, Anna, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism is associated with bone quality assessed by calcaneus ultrasound and previous fractures in a cohort of 75-year-old women.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Osteoporosis international. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 15:10, s. 820-6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine and a potent stimulator of bone resorption and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The aim of this study was to investigate if a functional IL-6 promoter polymorphism (-174) was related to bone mass and fractures in a cohort consisting of 964 postmenopausal Caucasian women aged 75 years. Bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) of the femoral neck, lumbar spine and total body was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) was also measured in the calcaneus and quantified as speed of sound (SOS; m/s), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; dB/MHz), and stiffness index (SI). IL-6 genotypes was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using the restriction enzyme NlaIII. The frequencies of the different IL-6 genotypes were 27.5% (GG), 47.9% (GC), 24.6% (CC). The IL-6 polymorphism (presence of G) was independently related to a lower stiffness (beta=-0.07; P=0.03) and BUA (beta=-0.08; P=0.02), but not to BMD at any site measured by DXA. In the cohort, 420 subjects (44%) reported at least one fracture during their lifetime, and 349 (36%) reported at least one fracture after the age of 50. Using binary logistic regression, the IL-6 polymorphism (presence of G) was significantly related to an increased risk of a previous fracture during life (odds ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.97) and to an increased risk of a fracture occurring after 50 years of age (odds ratio 1.37, 95% CI 1.004-1.88). The risk was further increased for fractures grouped as osteoporotic fractures (odds ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.14-2.45), including forearm fractures (odds ratio 1.59, 95% CI 1.05-2.40). In conclusion, presence of G allele in the IL-6 promoter polymorphism at position -174 is independently related to previous fractures in postmenopausal women. This association may be related primarily to an altered bone quality identified by QUS and not a lower bone mass. This is also the first demonstration of association of IL-6 gene polymorphism to calcaneal QUS.
|
|
| 5. |
- van Bakel, Marit M E, et al.
(författare)
-
Methodological challenges in the application of the Glycemic Index in epidemiological studies using data from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3166 .- 1541-6100. ; 139:3, s. 568-575
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between the glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) and diseases are heterogeneous in epidemiological studies. Differences in assigning GI values to food items may contribute to this inconsistency. Our objective was to address methodological issues related to the use of current GI and GL values in epidemiological studies. We performed ecological comparison and correlation studies by calculating dietary GI and GL from country-specific dietary questionnaires (DQ) from 422,837 participants from 9 countries participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study and single standardized 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) obtained from a representative sample (n = 33,404) using mainly Foster Powell's international table as a reference source. Further, 2 inter-rater and 1 inter-method comparison were conducted, comparing DQ GI values assigned by independent groups with values linked by us. The ecological correlation between DQ and 24-HDR was good for GL (overall r = 0.76; P < 0.005) and moderate for GI (r = 0.57; P < 0.05). Mean GI/GL differences between DQ and 24-HDR were significant for most centers. GL but not GI from DQ was highly correlated with total carbohydrate (r = 0.98 and 0.15, respectively; P < 0.0001) and this was higher for starch (r = 0.72; P < 0.0001) than for sugars (r = 0.36; P < 0.0001). The inter-rater and inter-method variations were considerable for GI (weighted kappa coefficients of 0.49 and 0.65 for inter-rater and 0.25 for inter-method variation, respectively) but only mild for GL (weighted kappa coefficients > 0.80). A more consistent methodology to attribute GI values to foods and validated DQ is needed to derive meaningful GI/GL estimates for nutritional epidemiology.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ballerini, Lucia, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison of histomorphometrical data obtained with two different image analysis methods
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine. - : Springer. - 0957-4530 .- 1573-4838. ; 18:8, s. 1471-1479
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common way to determine tissue acceptance of biomaterials is to perform histomorphometrical analysis on histologically stained sections from retrieved samples with surrounding tissue, using various methods. The “time and money consuming” methods and techniques used are often “in house standards”. We address light microscopic investigations of bone tissue reactions on un-decalcified cut and ground sections of threaded implants. In order to screen sections and generate results faster, the aim of this pilot project was to compare results generated with the in-house standard visual image analysis tool (i.e., quantifications and judgements done by the naked eye) with a custom made automatic image analysis program. The histomorphometrical bone area measurements revealed no significant differences between the methods but the results of the bony contacts varied significantly. The raw results were in relative agreement, i.e., the values from the two methods were proportional to each other: low bony contact values in the visual method corresponded to low values with the automatic method. With similar resolution images and further improvements of the automatic method this difference should become insignificant. A great advantage using the new automatic image analysis method is that it is time saving—analysis time can be significantly reduced.
|
|
| 7. |
- Åstrand, Per, et al.
(författare)
-
Implant treatment of patients with edentulous jaws : a 20-year follow-up
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1523-0899 .- 1708-8208. ; 10:4, s. 207-217
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Implant-supported prostheses are today often used in rehabilitation of partially or totally edentulous patients. Both patients and the dental profession often regard implant treatment as successful in a life perspective. Therefore, studies with a long-term follow-up are important.PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the outcome of implant treatment with fixed prostheses in edentulous jaws after 20 years, with special reference to survival rate of implants and prostheses and frequency of peri-implantitis.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient material was a group of patients treated in the early 1980s. The original patient group comprised the first 48 consecutive patients treated with implant-supported prostheses at Umeå University. All patients were edentulous in one or two jaws. The patients had a mean age at the implant insertion of 54.3 years (range 40-74). At the planning of this study 20 years after treatment, 19 of the 48 patients were found to be deceased. Of the 29 patients still alive, 21 patients with altogether 23 implant-supported prostheses could be examined clinically and radiographically. All patients were treated ad modum Brånemark (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) with a two-stage surgical procedure. The implants had a turned surface. Abutment connections were performed 3 to 4 months after fixture insertion in the mandible, and after a minimum of 6 months in the maxilla. The prostheses were fabricated with a framework of gold alloy and acrylic artificial teeth.RESULTS: The 21 patients (with 23 implant prostheses) examined had at the time of treatment got 123 implants (27 in the upper jaw and 96 in the lower jaw) inserted. Only one of these implants had been lost (about 2 years after loading) giving a survival rate of 99.2%. Very small changes occurred in the marginal bone level. Between the 1 and 20-year examinations, the mean bone loss was 0.53 mm and the mean bone level at the final examination was 2.33 mm below the reference point.CONCLUSIONS: This follow-up over two decades of implant-supported prostheses demonstrates a very good prognosis for the treatment performed. The frequencies of peri-implantitis, implant failures, or other complications were very small, and the original treatment concept with a two-stage surgery and a turned surface of the implants will obviously give very good results.
|
|
| 8. |
- Mårtensson, Carina, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors behind change in knowledge after a mass media campaign targeting periodontitis
- 2006
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Dental Hygiene. - 1601-5029 .- 1601-5037. ; 4:1, s. 8-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate changes in knowledge before and after a mass media campaign, in relation to social attributes, care system attributes and oral health aspects. The study was based on a questionnaire in a cohort design, sent out to 900 randomly sampled people aged 50–75 in Sweden. The response rate to the questionnaire before and after the campaign was 70% and 65% respectively. Sixty-four percent answered both questionnaires. Two questions addressed knowledge, while 10 questions aimed to measure social attributes, care system attributes and oral health aspects. Data were analysed for bivariate relations as to change in knowledge and social attributes, care system attributes and oral health aspects. Data were also analysed in multiple regression analysis with knowledge before, knowledge after and knowledge differences as dependent variables. The results showed that there were a number of independent variables with influence on the dependent variables. Of the social attributes, secondary education gave almost 10% (P < 0.001) better knowledge both before and after the campaign. Among care system attributes, high care utilization was related to knowledge both before and after the campaign. The most important factors for knowledge about periodontitis were education, care utilization and perceived importance of oral health. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that mass media might increase knowledge about periodontitis as a health promotion strategy.
|
|
| 9. |
- Öhlund, Inger, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
-
Diet intake and caries prevalence in four-year-old children living in a low-prevalence country.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Caries Research. - Basel : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 41:1, s. 26-33
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Preventive measures have dramatically decreased the prevalence of dental caries in children. However, risk factors for the disease in children living in low-prevalence areas remain elusive. In the present study we evaluated associations between dental caries, saliva levels of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli, and diet with special emphasis on the intake of fermentable carbohydrates and dairy products in 4-year-old children living in an area where the overall caries prevalence was low. Dietary intake was recorded in 234 infants as part of the Study of Infant Nutrition in Umea, Sweden (SINUS). Of these the parents of 124 children gave consent to participate in a follow-up at 4 years of age. Dietary intake, height and weight, dental caries, oral hygiene, including tooth brushing habits, presence of plaque and gingival inflammation, fluoride habits and numbers of mutans streptococci and lactobacilli in saliva were recorded. Using multivariate stepwise logistic regression, caries experience was negatively associated with intake frequency of cheese (OR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.44-0.98) and positively associated with the salivary level of mutans streptococci (OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.21-2.03). Caries experience was not correlated with intake frequency or amounts of carbohydrate-containing foods, with any other particular food, or with daily intake of energy, carbohydrate or any other macro- or micronutrient. We conclude that cheese intake may have a caries-protective effect in childhood populations where the overall caries prevalence and caries experience are low and the children are regularly exposed to fluoride from toothpaste.
|
|
| 10. |
- Andersson, Pia, et al.
(författare)
-
Oral health and nutritional status in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 16:3, s. 311-318
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral health status and nutritional status in a group of geriatric rehabilitation patients, and to analyse the relationship between these two parameters. Nurses at the ward performed structured assessments of oral and nutritional status using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide and the Subjective Global Assessment form in 223 newly admitted patients. Most oral health problems were found among patients who stayed longer at the hospital and were more dependent on help as compared with the healthier patients. Thirty-four per cent of the patients were either severely undernourished, at risk or suspected to be undernourished (UN). Oral health problems were more common among UN patients (p < 0.0005) compared with well-nourished patients. The most frequent oral health problem was found on teeth or dentures (48%). Problems related to the tongue and lips were also common among UN patients (56 and 44%, respectively). Oral health status was correlated (r = 0.32) to nutritional status. Problems with swallowing had the strongest association to the nutritional status (OR 6.05; 95% CI 2.41-15.18). This study demonstrated that poor oral health status was related to undernourishment.
|
|
