| 1. |
- Herbst, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Infections and antibiotic prophylaxis in reconstructive vascular surgery
- 1989
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Ingår i: European Journal of Vascular Surgery. - 0950-821X. ; 3:4, s. 303-307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 98 patients undergoing elective vascular surgery, specimens for bacterial cultures were obtained from urine, ischaemic ulcers, incisional wounds and the implanted grafts. Wound and graft infections were registered and compared with the results of these cultures and suspected risk factors in an attempt to find the source of infections. Antibiotic prophylaxis with cefuroxime was given for 24 h beginning at the start of surgery. Patients with ischaemic ulcers also received "spread prophylaxis", directed against isolated bacteria, for ten days. Three cases of graft infection and twelve cases of wound infection occurred. Positive postoperative cultures from wounds did not correlate with pre- or peroperative cultures. Peroperative cultures revealed small numbers of staphylococcus epidermidis in eleven patients, and none of them developed graft infection. Ischaemic ulcers, diabetes or re-do procedures were not accompanied by a significantly increased frequency of wound or graft infection, although each of three patients with graft infection had one of these risk factors. Bacteria, sensitive to cefuroxime, were found in one graft infection, six wound infections, and in two patients with urosepsis, whereas cefuroxime resistant organisms were isolated from one graft infection and three infected wounds. One of the three graft infections was probably caused by bacteria originating from the patient's ischaemic ulcer. In the other two patients the source of bacteria could not be determined. Cefuroxime seems to be an adequate alternative for prophylaxis of vascular graft infection, but in some patients with bacteriuria or indwelling catheters, a one day regimen may be too short.
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| 2. |
- Jörgensen, Connie, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound measurement of the fetal cerebral ventricles: a prospective, consecutive study
- 1986
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Ultrasound. - : Wiley. - 0091-2751 .- 1097-0096. ; 14:3, s. 185-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time ultrasound was used in 654 consecutive pregnancies to obtain standard growth parameters for the fetal brain. Measurement of the width of the lateral ventricle (LVW) and hemisphere and their relationships to menstrual age, biparietal diameter, and birth weight were determined. The growth of the LVW was to a great extent independent of birth weight but dependent on menstrual age. Thirteen fetuses with a single ventricular width measurements exceeding +2 SD from the mean were separately evaluated, and all but one case were found to be normal.
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| 3. |
- Bixo, Marie, 1957-
(författare)
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Ovarian steroids in rat and human brain : effects of different endocrine states
- 1987
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ovarian steroid hormones are known to produce several different effects in the brain. In addition to their role in gonadotropin release, ovulation and sexual behaviour they also seem to affect mood and emotions, as shown in women with the premenstrual tension syndrome. Some steroids have the ability to affect brain excitability. Estradiol decreases the electroshock threshold while progesterone acts as an anti-convulsant and anaesthetic in both animals and humans. Several earlier studies have shown a specific uptake of several steroids in the animal brain but only a few recent studies have established the presence of steroids in the human brain.In the present studies, the dissections of rat and human brains were carried out macroscopically and areas that are considered to be related to steroid effects were chosen. Steroid concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay after extraction and separation with celite chromatography. The accuracy and specificity of these methods were estimated.In the animal studies, immature female rats were treated with Pregnant Mare's Serum Gonadotropin (PMSG) to induce simultaneous ovulations. Concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were measured in seven brain areas pre- and postovulatory. The highest concentration of estradiol, pre- and postovulatory, was found in the hypothalamus and differences between the two cycle phases were detected in most brain areas. The preovulatory concentrations of progesterone were low and the highest postovulatory concentration was found in the cerebral cortex.In one study, the rats were injected with pharmacological doses of progesterone to induce "anaesthesia". High uptake of progesterone was found and a regional variation in the formation of 5<*-pregnane-3,20-dione in the brain with the highest ratio in the medulla oblongata.Concentrations of progesterone, 5a-pregnane-3*20-dione, estradiol and testosterone were determined in 17 brain areas of fertile compared to postmenopausal women. All steroids displayed regional differences in brain concentrations. Higher concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were found in the fertile compared to the postmenopausal women.In summary, these studies show that the concentrations of ovarian steroids in the brain are different at different endocrine states in both rats and humans and that there are regional differences in brain steroid distribution.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Wennergren, Margareta, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Obstetric characteristics and neonatal performance in a four-year small for gestational age population.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Obstetrics and gynecology. - 0029-7844. ; 72:4, s. 615-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obstetric and neonatal performance were analyzed in an ultrasound-dated small for gestational age (SGA) population from 1982-1985. Eighty-three percent of 160 SGA infants were identified antenatally by means of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) risk scoring, and the pregnancies were supervised at a high-risk clinic. Fifty percent were delivered electively, predominantly in gestational weeks 38-39. Thirty percent were born preterm. The cesarean section rate was 40%. Perinatal mortality was 6%, or 4% when lethal malformations were excluded, ten times higher than the corresponding total population figures. Eleven percent of the fetuses had severe malformations. In the remaining SGA population, one infant died after experiencing severe perinatal asphyxia and another developed cerebral palsy; no other major sequelae were found before the age of 18 months. Hypoglycemia and hypothermia occurred frequently, but these problems were managed satisfactorily. The mean hospital stay for term infants was twice that of appropriate for gestational age infants. We conclude that the extra attention paid to the SGA population is well motivated. Future efforts should be directed toward improving the diagnostic techniques for IUGR, as most of the perinatal mortality occurred among SGA infants not identified before birth.
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| 7. |
- Gustavii, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Transabdominal chorionic villi sampling
- 1986
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Ingår i: Contributions to Gynecology and Obstetrics. - 0304-4246. ; 15, s. 41-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Kannisto, Päivi, et al.
(författare)
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Prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoreceptors modulate the stimulated release of noradrenaline in isolated follicle strips from bovine ovaries
- 1989
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Ingår i: Journal of Autonomic Pharmacology. - : Wiley. - 0144-1795 .- 1365-2680. ; 9:6, s. 411-417
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Strips from the follicle wall of bovine ovaries were incubated in Krebs-Ringer solution containing 3H-noradrenaline for measurement of transmitter liberation during electrical field stimulation (5 Hz frequency, 1 ms pulse duration, 10 V between the electrodes). The effects of noradrenaline as well as selective alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists were studied on the electrically induced efflux of radioactivity. 2. Noradrenaline (1 microM) inhibited the stimulated release of radioactivity. The alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist, oxymetazoline, significantly reduced the release of radioactivity in concentrations as low as 0.01 microM. The alpha 1-adrenoreceptor agonist, phenylephrine (0.01-1 microM), was without significant effect. 3. Phentolamine (0.01-1 microM) and the selective alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, idazoxan (0.01-1 microM) significantly enhanced the electrically evoked release. The alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonist, prazosin (0.01-1 microM), was without effect. Idazoxan (0.1 microM) reversed the inhibitory effect of oxymetazoline (0.1 microM). 4. It is concluded that administration of noradrenaline or the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists reduces the release of labelled noradrenaline by acting on prejunctional alpha 2-adrenoreceptors in the noradrenergic nerves distributed in the wall of the bovine ovarian follicle. This is one of several prejunctional receptor mechanisms that modulate the activity of the sympathetic nerves innervating the smooth musculature of the follicle wall.
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| 9. |
- Skarin, A, et al.
(författare)
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Vaginal lactobacilli inhibiting growth of Gardnerella vaginalis, Mobiluncus and other bacterial species cultured from vaginal content of women with bacterial vaginosis
- 1986
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Ingår i: Acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica. Section B, Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 0108-0180. ; 94B:6, s. 399-403
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On a solid agar medium the growth-inhibitory effect of 9 Lactobacillus strains cultured from vaginal content was tested on bacteria cultured from vaginal content of women with bacterial vaginosis: Mobiluncus, Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides and anaerobic cocci. Inhibition zones were observed in the growth of all of the strains isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis around all lactobacilli. The inhibitory effect of the lactobacilli was further tested on various anaerobic and facultatively anaerobic species, both type strains and fresh extragenitally cultured strains. Four Bacteroides fragilis strains as well as 2 out of 4 Staphylococcus aureus strains were clearly inhibited by the lactobacilli. The inhibition zones were generally wider at pH 5.5 than at 6.0. For all inhibited strains, (the S. aureus excepted) a low pH on the agar around the lactobacilli correlated to wider growth-inhibition zones.
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| 10. |
- Arnbjörnsson, E.
(författare)
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Invagination versus simple ligation of the caecal tip with reference to the strength of the caecal closure. An experimental study in the rat.
- 1986
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Ingår i: Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae. - 0355-9521. ; 75:3, s. 180-182
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an experimental model using the rat, the role of invagination and double invagination for efficient closure of the caecum was studied. A standardized opening of the tip of the caecum was closed in three different ways, thus placing the animals in three groups. I: Closed with simple ligation. II: Closed with simple ligation and a purse-string suture invagination. III: Closed with simple ligation and a purse-string suture and a Z-suture causing double invagination. The caecum was filled with methylene blue and obstructed by a balloon catheter introduced via a caecostomy. Pressure inside the obstructed caecum was measured through a channel opening at the tip of the catheter. The pressure was increased with 4 cm of water every 10 minutes. The maximal pressure reached before leakage of methylene blue from the caecal closure or a drop in pressure in the lumen, was seen to be significantly higher in the groups with invagination and double invagination of the caecal closure, respectively, when compared with those with simple ligation only. The experimental data suggest that the invagination is important for secure closure of the caecal wall.
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