1.
Eiben, G, et al.
(författare)
Secular trends in diet among elderly Swedes : cohort comparisons over three decades
2004
Ingår i: Public Health Nutrition. - 1368-9800 .- 1475-2727. ; 7:5, s. 637-644
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare dietary practices among different birth cohorts of 70-year-old Swedes, who were examined between 1971 and 2000.Setting: Göteborg, Sweden.Design: Four population-based samples of 1360 70-year-olds, born in 1901, 1911, 1922 and 1930, have undergone health examinations and dietary assessments over a period of almost three decades. One-hour diet history (DH) interviews were conducted in 1971, 1981, 1992 and 2000 with a total of 758 women and 602 women. The formats and contents of the dietary examinations were similar over the years. Statistical analysis of linear trends was conducted, using year of examination as the independent variable, to detect secular trends in food and nutrient intakes across cohorts.Results: At the 2000 examination, the majority of 70-year-olds consumed nutritionally adequate diets. Later-born cohorts consumed more yoghurt, breakfast cereals, fruit, vegetables, chicken, rice and pasta than earlier-born cohorts. Consumption of low-fat spread and milk also increased, along with that of wine, light beer and candy. In contrast, potatoes, cakes and sugar were consumed less in 2000 than in 1971. The ratio of reported energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate did not show any systematic trend over time in women, but showed a significant upward trend in men.Conclusions: The diet history method has captured changes in food selections in the elderly without changing in general format over three decades. Dietary quality has improved in a number of ways, and these findings in the elderly are consistent with national food consumption trends in the general population.
2.
Rothenberg, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
Energy expenditure at age 73 and 78 : a five year follow-up
2003
Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 40, s. S134-S138
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
There is limited knowledge concerning the energy turnover and energy requirements of the elderly. The aim of this study was to measure resting metabolic rate (RMR) and total energy expenditure (TEE), and to define activity energy expenditure (AEE) and physical activity level (PAL) in 11 78-year-old individuals. A further aim was to compare these measures with the same measures taken from the 11 subjects at age 73 years. Total body water (TBW) averaged 30.8 kg (SD 3.2) at age 73 and 28.8 kg (SD 3.5) at age 78 years (p<0.01). RMR was measured with a ventilated-hood system and averaged 5.60 MJ/day (SD 0.66) at age 73 and 4.77 MJ/day (SD 0.32) at 78 years (p<0.001). TEE, measured using the doubly labeled water method, averaged 9.64 MJ/day (SD 1.10) at age 73 and 8.30 MJ/day (SD 1.45) at 78 years (p<0.05). AEE averaged 4.04 MJ/day (SD 0.44) at age 73 and 3.53 MJ/day (1.13) at 78 years (ns). PAL averaged 1.74 at both ages. TBW, TEE, and RMR decreased, whereas AEE and PAL did not change substantially during the 5-year follow-up. The PAL values indicated a physically active lifestyle for the age group.
3.
4.
Lindström, Martin, et al.
(författare)
Impact of different aspects of social participation and social capital on smoking cessation among daily smokers: a longitudinal study.
2003
Ingår i: Tobacco Control. - : BMJ. - 1468-3318 .- 0964-4563. ; 12:3, s. 274-281
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
Objective: To investigate differences in different aspects of social participation and social capital among baseline daily smokers that had remained daily smokers, become intermittent smokers, or stopped smoking at one year follow up. Design/setting/participants/measurements: 12 507 individuals, aged 45–69 years, interviewed at baseline between 1992 and 1994 and at a one year follow up were investigated in this longitudinal study. The three groups of baseline daily smokers were compared to the reference population (baseline intermittent smokers and non-smokers) according to different aspects of social participation and social capital. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess differences in different aspects of social participation and social capital. Results: The baseline daily smokers that remained daily smokers at the one year follow up had significantly increased odds ratios of non-participation in study circles in other places than at work, meeting of organisations other than unions, theatre/cinema, arts exhibition, church, sports events, large gatherings of relatives, and private parties compared to the reference population. The baseline daily smokers that had become intermittent smokers at the one year follow up had significantly increased odds ratios of non-participation in church services. The baseline daily smokers that had stopped smoking had increased odds ratios of non-participation in having attended a meeting of organisations other than labour unions during the past year, having been to a theatre or cinema, and of having visited an arts exhibition during the past year. All three categories of baseline daily smokers had significantly decreased odds ratios of non-participation in night club/entertainment. Conclusions: The baseline daily smokers that had remained daily smokers at the one year follow up had particularly high rates of non-participation compared to the reference population in both activities specifically related to social capital, such as other study circles, meetings of organisations other than labour unions, and church attendance and cultural activities such as theatre/cinema and arts exhibition, although significantly lower participation in cultural activities and meetings of other organisations was also observed among daily smokers that had stopped smoking. All three baseline daily smoker groups had higher rates of having visited a night club during the past year.
5.
Caap-Ahlgren, Marianne
(författare)
Health-related quality of life in persons with Parkinson's disease. Aspects of symptoms, caregiving and sense of coherence.
2002
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
Abstract Aims: The aim of this thesis was to investigate how the impact of Parkinson’s disease, a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, influences the person’s health-related quality of life. The aim was also to investigate nursing assessment and management of Parkinson’s in elderly persons. Methods: The study started in1998, one year later a follow-up was conducted. The sample contained in the first year 102 patients recruited from the neurology department at the Lund University Hospital. The following instruments were used. The Geriatric Depression Scale rated the depressive symptoms and Livingston’s insomnia questionnaire was used to measure sleep disturbance. Parkinsonian symptoms were rated with specific Parkinson disease rating scales, the PDQ-8 and the PDQ-39. The specific scales were complemented with a generic health-related instrument, the SF-36. To capture global subjective states of coping with everyday life in relation to holistic notions of health and well-being the sense of coherence scale was used, and for the determination of functional change over the one-year follow-up the Hoehn and Yahr assessment was used. A caregiver scale assessed the caregiver’s burden and 6 questions from a social contact questionnaire were used to define the structural and qualitative aspects of the social support network. With 8 participants qualitative, informal, conversational interviewing was assessed. Personal interviews were conducted with all patients in their homes. For the statistical analyses SPSS was used. Results: The results give some insights into what it means to live with Parkinson’s disease. There are many factors involved. The subjects have turned out to have a high prevalence of insomnia and depressive symptoms as well as pain and aches and a worsened ability to handle stress-related problems secondary to the progress of their chronic disease. Women with Parkinson’s disease experience such negative factors as feelings of loss of physical competence and of female competence, of perceived stigmatization and of not being accepted for the person she is, causing strain. Depressive symptoms and an impaired sense of coherence in the caregiver’s, and the patient’s functional status has been found to be strongly related to caregiver burden. Sense of coherence showed to be the best instrument to detect functional impairment during one year. Swedish patients generally had a better quality of life compared to British patients. Conclusion: Many factors influence the subjects negatively and decrease their health-related quality of life. The study has also revealed that not only the subjects suffering from Parkinson’s disease but also their caregivers are strongly influenced by the situation.
6.
Granstedt, Annika
(författare)
Biståndsmötet kärnan i omsorgsarbetet
2002
Ingår i: Äldre i centrum: tidskrift för aktuell äldreforskning. - : Stiftelsen Stockholms läns äldrecentrum. - 1653-3585. ; :3, s. 36-37
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.) abstract
Mötet mellan handläggare och sökande, och hur biståndsbedömningen görs, är centralt. Ändå finns inga yrkesspecifika metoder för hur det ska gå till. Hur bedömningen görs har konsekvenser också för hur personalen kommer att utföra sitt arbete.
7.
Siennicki-Lantz, Arkadiusz
(författare)
Cerebral Blood Flow and Cognition. Clinical studies on Dementia and Cognitive Decline.
2004
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The importance of early detection of brain changes during ageing has been recognised. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a method used for estimation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in clinical work and in research. The aim of thesis was to study CBF in demented and non-demented elderly persons with special reference to blood pressure changes. Elderly women with senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT) showed a decrease of CBF in temporoparietal brain regions and in whole white matter. Non-demented elderly women had abnormalities according to SPECT and assessment with vocabulary and visospatial tests. CBF in white matter was correlated positively with systolic blood pressure in SDAT group. It cannot be ruled out, that alterations in blood pressure in SDAT could have a central origin and be the consequence rather than cause of brain changes. Women with SDAT and orthostatic hypotension had lower CBF in frontal and parieto-frontal regions than SDAT patients who had normal orthostatic blood pressure. Orthostatic hypotension could be a risk factor for a frontal brain damage and exacerbate the dementia disorder. Intra-subject comparison of CBF estimated with two tracers in healthy subject revealed higher perfusion in posterior cortex when using 99mTc ECD compared to 99mTc HMPAO. In contrast, CBF in central areas was seen to be more profuse when using 99mTc HMPAO. These differences should be taken into account in clinical routine. In another study, persons with Age-Associated Memory Impairment but without dementia had restricted CBF in temporal and occipital lobes, in thalamus and in frontal white matter. A longitudinal study of 129 men revealed an association between accumulated vascular disease markers as: carotid stenosis, peripheral arterial stenosis and hypertension at the age of 69 and lower CBF 14 years later. These results indicate that there might be a potential for prophylactic activities to prevent cognitive decline and vascular dementia in non-demented 70-80 year old population
8.
9.
Johannsson, Gudmundur, 1960, et al.
(författare)
Growth hormone and ageing.
2000
Ingår i: Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society. - 1096-6374. ; 10 Suppl B
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat) abstract
The proportion of elderly people is steadily growing in Western societies. The result is a disproportionate accumulation of the oldest and most vulnerable sector of the population, suffering from frailty-associated disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Growth hormone (GH) secretion declines progressively during adulthood. In ageing and severe GH deficiency, an individual's muscle mass, muscle strength and bone mass are decreased, and the relative proportion of total and visceral fat is increased. An association between reduced GH levels and the catabolism of ageing has been suggested. GH or GH secretagogue treatment could be of value to minimize the health-related consequences associated with the ageing process.
10.
Nihlén, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
Increased serum levels of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
2001
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-7686 .- 0036-5513. ; 61:5, s. 341-347
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat) abstract
OBJECTIVE: The reason that only a minority of smokers develop chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still largely unknown. Glycosylation defects are involved in the pathological mechanisms in cystic fibrosis (CF), where chronic progressive obstructive lung disease dominates the clinical picture. Whether defects of protein glycosylation occur in COPD has not previously been examined. Increase in carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) in serum seems to function as an indicator of general defects of N-glycosylation. Recently, one study observed high serum CDT concentrations in CF patients. We examined whether subjects with COPD also have increased serum CDT levels. METHOD AND RESULTS: A total of 131 randomly selected individuals, 45-64 years of age, underwent a medical examination, spirometry and blood tests. Serum CDT was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. In subjects diagnosed as having COPD (n = 15), multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated a significant relationship between the diagnosis of COPD and CDT, even after all efforts were made to take the influence of age and smoking into account (odds ratio 3.16, 95% CI 1.11-8.95). Also, in subjects with COPD there was an inverse partial correlation between forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and serum CDT (r = -0.81, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that protein glycosylation defects occur in COPD and, in addition, might be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. It seems that further investigation of the protein glycosylation in COPD is warranted.
