| 1. |
- Ruiz, Jonatan R., et al.
(författare)
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Homocysteine levels in children and adolescents are associated with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C>T genotype, but not with physical activity, fitness or fatness : the European Youth Heart Study
- 2007
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - Cambridge : Cambridge university press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 97:2, s. 255-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the associations of total plasma homocysteine (tHcy) with physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and fatness in children and adolescents, a cross-sectional study of 301 children (9–10 years old) and 379 adolescents (15–16 years old) was conducted. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test. Body fat was derived from the sum of five skinfold thicknesses. Genotyping for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C>T polymorphism was done by DNA sequencing. Fasting tHcy level was the outcome variable. Multiple regressions were used to determine the degree to which variance in tHcy was explained by physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and body fat, after controlling for potential confounders including MTHFR 677C>T genotype. tHcy levels were neither associated with any measure of level and pattern of physical activity nor with data on cardiorespiratory fitness, or body fat, in any age group after controlling for potential confounders including MTHFR 677C>T and even when subgroups 677TT and 677CC+CT were analysed separately. Mean values of tHcy were significantly higher in the TT subgroup compared with CC and CT subgroups in children (TT 7·4 μmol/l, CC 6·3 μmol/l, CT 6·6 μmol/l, P < 0·001 and P = 0·019, respectively) and adolescents (TT 16·9 μmol/l, CC 8·3 μmol/l, CT 9·0 μmol/l, both P < 0·001). The results suggest that physical activity, fitness and body fat are not associated with tHcy levels in children and adolescents, even after controlling for presence of the MTHFR 677C>T genotype, the main influence on tHcy levels in these subjects.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Agneta
(författare)
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Idrottsnutrition
- 2006
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Ingår i: Näringslära för högskolan. - : Liber AB, Stockholm. - 9147053550 ; , s. 394-423
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
- Hiesmayr, M., et al.
(författare)
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Decreased food intake is a risk factor for mortality in hospitalised patients : the NutritionDay survey 2006
- 2009
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0261-5614 .- 1532-1983. ; 28:5, s. 484-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: Malnutrition is a known risk factor for the development of complications in hospitalised patients. We determined whether eating only fractions of the meals served is an independent risk factor for mortality. METHODS: The NutritionDay is a multinational one-day cross-sectional survey of nutritional factors and food intake in 16,290 adult hospitalised patients on January 19th 2006. The effect of food intake and nutritional factors on death in hospital within 30 days was assessed in a competing risk analysis. RESULTS: More than half of the patients did not eat their full meal provided by the hospital. Decreased food intake on NutritionDay or during the previous week was associated with an increased risk of dying, even after adjustment for various patient and disease related factors. Adjusted hazard ratio for dying when eating about a quarter of the meal on NutritionDay was 2.10 (1.53-2.89); when eating nothing 3.02 (2.11-4.32). More than half of the patients who ate less than a quarter of their meal did not receive artificial nutrition support. Only 25% patients eating nothing at lunch receive artificial nutrition support. CONCLUSION: Many hospitalised patients in European hospitals eat less food than provided as regular meal. This decreased food intake represents an independent risk factor for hospital mortality.
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| 5. |
- Almon, Ricardo, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between lactase persistence and the metabolic syndrome in a cross-sectional study in the Canary Islands
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - Heidelberg, Germany : Springer. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 49:3, s. 141-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) LCT -13910 C>T, associated with genetically determined phenotypes of lactase persistence (LP) or non-persistence (LNP), was studied in relation to the metabolic syndrome (MS).AIim of the study: The aim was to determine if milk intake and MS are associated. We applied Mendelian randomization (MR). The SNP, LCT -13910 C>T, with the genotypes LP (TT/CT) and LNP (CC), was taken as a proxy for milk consumption.Methods: A representative sample of adults belonging to the Canary Islands Nutrition Survey (ENCA) in Spain aged 18-75 years (n = 551) was genotyped for the LCT -13910 C>T polymorphism. We used the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria to define MS. RESULTS: 60% of the population was LP and 40% LNP. One hundred seven LP subjects (35.0%) and 53 LNP subjects (25.6%) showed MS (chi (2) = 5.04, p = 0.025). LP subjects showed a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for MS than LNP subjects computed for the whole population: both the crude OR (1.56; 95% CI 1.06-2.31) and adjusted OR for sex, age, daily energy intake, physical activity and educational level (1.57; 95% CI 1.02-2.43). Adjusted OR for women with LP was 1.93; 95% CI 1.06-3.52.Conclusions: The T allele of the SNP might constitute a nutrigenetic factor increasing the susceptibility of LP subjects, especially women, to develop MS in the Canary Islands.
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| 6. |
- Ruiz, Jonatan R., et al.
(författare)
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Relations of total physical activity and intensity to fitness and fatness in children : the European Youth Heart Study
- 2006
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 84:2, s. 299-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is unclear how the amount and intensity of physical activity (PA) are associated with cardiovascular fitness (CVF) and body fatness in children.Objective: We aimed to examine the associations of total PA and intensity levels to CVF and fatness in children.Design: A cross-sectional study of 780 children aged 9–10 y from Sweden and Estonia was conducted. PA was measured by accelerometry and was expressed as min/d of total PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA. CVF was measured with a maximal ergometer bike test and was expressed as W/kg. Body fat was derived from the sum of 5 skinfold-thickness measurements. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the degree to which variance in CVF and body fat was explained by PA, after control for age, sex, and study location.Results: Lower body fat was significantly associated with higher levels of vigorous PA, but not with moderate or total PA. Those children who engaged in >40 min vigorous PA/d had lower body fat than did those who engaged in 10–18 min vigorous PA/d. Total PA, moderate PA, and vigorous PA were positively associated with CVF. Those children who engaged in >40 min vigorous PA/d had higher CVF than did those who accumulated <18 min vigorous PA/d.Conclusions: The results suggest that PA of vigorous intensity may have a greater effect on preventing obesity in children than does PA of lower intensity, whereas both total and at least moderate to vigorous PA may improve children's CVF.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Bergh, Kurt
(författare)
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Kost, gener och träning är nyckeln till ökad prestation
- 2005
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Ingår i: Svensk idrottsmedicin. - Järna : Svensk Idrottsmedicinsk Förening. - 1103-7652. ; 24:2, s. 4-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kosten kan liksom fysisk aktivitet påverka våra gener. Gentranskriptionen påverkas olika beroende på kostens sammansättning och med rätt kunskap kan kosten öka den fysiska prestationsförmågan och göra återhämtningen mer effektiv.
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| 9. |
- Dullemeijer, Carla, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in fatty acid composition between cerebral brain lobes in juvenile pigs after fish oil feeding
- 2008
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 100:4, s. 794-800
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very long-chain n-3 PUFA from fish are suggested to play a role in the development of the brain. Fish oil feeding results in higher proportions of n-3 PUFA in the brains of newborn piglets. However, the effect of fish oil on the fatty acid composition of specific cerebral brain lobes in juvenile pigs is largely uninvestigated. This study examined the effect of a fish oil diet on the fatty acid composition of the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital brain lobes in juvenile pigs (7 weeks old). Pigs were randomly allocated to a semipurified pig diet containing either 4% (w/w) fish oil (n 19) or 4% (w/w) high-oleic acid sunflower oil (HOSF diet, n 18) for a period of 8 weeks. The fish oil diet resulted in significantly higher proportions (%) of DHA in the frontal (10.6 (SD1.2)), parietal (10.2 (SD1.5)) and occipital brain lobes (9.9 (SD 1.3)), but not in the temporal lobe (7.7 (SD1.6)), compared with pigs fed the HOSF diet (frontal lobe, 7.5 (SD1.0); parietal lobe, 8.1 (SD 1.3); occipital lobe, 7.3 (SD1.2), temporal lobe, 6.6 (SD1.2). Moreover, the proportion of DHA was significantly lower in the temporal lobe compared with the frontal, parietal and occipital brain lobes in pigs fed a fish oil diet. In conclusion, the brains of juvenile pigs appear to be responsive to dietary fish oil, although the temporal brain lobe is less responsive compared with the other three brain lobes. The functional consequences of these differences are a challenging focus for future investigation.
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| 10. |
- Holmbäck, Ulf, 1970-
(författare)
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Metabolic and Endocrine Responses to Nocturnal Eating
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An increasing amount of people have their work hours displaced to the night and there are indications that shift work and other irregular working schedules are associated with an increased risk of developing the metabolic syndrome and other pathological conditions. It is therefore important to address the consequences of eating at irregular hours, especially nighttime. Papers I-III refer to a study in which 7 males were given a high-carbohydrate diet (HC) or a high-fat diet (HF), using a cross-over design. Subjects were kept awake for 24 h and food was provided as 6 equally spaced isocaloric meals. Higher energy expenditure and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration, as well as lower glucose and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were observed with the HF-diet, compared to the HC-diet. With the HF-diet, fat oxidation, heat release, heart rate, glucose, NEFA and TAG concentrations differed depending on time of day. The highest postprandial TAG concentrations were seen after the 04.00 meal with both diets. Insulin and leptin responses to meal intake differed with respect to diet and time of day. Time of day affected glucagon, thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxin, total triiodothyronine (tT3), cortisol, chromogranin A and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) concentrations. PP’s postprandial increase was greater during 08.00 – 16.00 compared to 20.00 – 08.00. Furthermore, the subjects felt less irritated when eating the HF-diet but hunger was not related to macronutrient composition. Hunger and thirst decreased throughout the 24 h period despite constant activity and energy intake; and were correlated with several endocrine and metabolic variables. In paper IV 7 males were studied twice during 24-h either given 6 isocaloric meals throughout the 24-h period, or 4 isocaloric meals from 08.00 to 20.00, followed by a nocturnal fast. Energy expenditure, glucose, TAG, insulin and glucagon concentrations were lower; and NEFA concentrations were higher during the nocturnal fast compared to nocturnal eating; although no 24 h differences between the protocols were apparent. The subjects were more passive during the fasting period compared to when food was given. Stepwise regression showed that correlations between metabolic variables and hormones differed between daytime and nighttime. The decreased evening/nocturnal responses of cortisol and PP to meal intake suggest that nocturnal eating might have health implications and that the body reacts unfavorably to nocturnal eating. Smaller meals around the clock, however, showed marginally better effects on postprandial TAG concentrations and mental energy compared to larger meals during daytime. Further studies (long term) are needed before dietary guidelines can be given to shift workers, especially regarding the impact of nocturnal eating on gastrointestinal response and cortisol.
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