| 1. |
- Lindqvist, A, et al.
(författare)
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Artery blood pressure oscillation after active standing up: an indicator of sympathetic function in diabetic patients
- 1997
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology. - : Wiley. - 1365-2281 .- 0144-5979. ; 17:2, s. 159-169
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic artery blood pressure (Finapres) response to active standing up, normally consisting of initial rise, fall and recovery above the baseline (overshoot), was compared with the early steady-state artery blood pressure level to measure sympathetic vasomotor function in healthy subjects (n = 23, age 35 +/- 9 years; mean +/-SD) and in type I diabetic patients without autonomic neuropathy (AN) (group 1: n = 18, 38 +/- 13 years), with AN but no cardiovascular drugs (group 2a: n = 7, 44 +/- 11 years) and with both AN and cardiovascular drugs (group 2b: n = 10, 47 +/- 7 years). Systolic and diastolic overshoot were similar in the control (15 +/- 13/15 +/- 11 mmHg) and group 1 subjects. Systolic overshoot disappeared in 57% of patients in group 2a (-1 +/- 9 mmHg; P < 0.03), whereas artery blood pressure still overshot in diastole (8 +/- 7 mmHg; NS). Systolic overshoot disappeared in all patients in group 2b (-22 +/- 22 mmHg; P < 0.0006) and diastolic overshoot disappeared in 60% of these patients (-6 +/- 16 mmHg; P = 0.0006). Systolic early steady-state level was not lower in group 2a than in group 1 (NS), but it was impaired in group 2b (P < 0.006), in which six diabetic patients had a pathological response beyond the age-related reference values. There was a strong association between the overshoot and steady-state levels (P for chi 2 < 0.001, n = 58). Overshoot of the control subjects and patients in group 2b correlated to their respective steady-state blood pressure levels (r > or = 0.76; P < or = 0.001). In conclusion, baroreceptor reflex-dependent overshoot of the artery blood pressure after active standing up diminishes with the development of AN and it is associated with the early steady-state level of the artery blood pressure.
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| 2. |
- Torffvit, Ole, et al.
(författare)
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The association between diabetic nephropathy and autonomic nerve function in type 1 diabetic patients
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory Investigation. - 1502-7686. ; 57:2, s. 183-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy increases the risk of deterioration in renal function and is associated with increased mortality in patients with renal failure. Type 1 diabetic patients with long diabetes duration, matched for age (38 +/- 9 years) and diabetes duration (28 +/- 8 years) were studied regarding the association between cardiovascular autonomic nerve function and different degrees of diabetic nephropathy. Eighteen patients were normo- (< 30 mg/l), six micro- (30-300 mg/l), and 13 macroalbuminuric (> 300 mg/l) based on urinary albumin concentrations in three separate morning samples. They were compared with 33 control subjects with similar age. Autonomic nerve function was evaluated by measuring the response of heart rate to deep breathing and active standing. Beat-to-beat finger artery blood pressure (Finapres) was tested during active standing. During deep breathing both change in heart rate (17 +/- 11, 9 +/- 7 and 4 +/- 3 beats/min) and ratio between expiratory and inspiratory R-R intervals (1.32 +/- 0.24, 1.14 +/- 0.15 and 1.05 +/- 0.04) decreased from normo- over micro- to macroalbuminuria (p < 0.05 vs normoalbuminuric and control subjects [17 +/- 5 beats/min and 1.28 +/- 0.10, respectively]). Similar results were obtained during active standing with respect to change in systolic arterial blood pressure (3 +/- 8, 2 +/- 13 and -6 +/- 11 mmHg; p < 0.05 vs control subjects [8 +/- 11 mmHg]). However, the response of diastolic arterial blood pressure or mean heart rate to standing up did not differ between any of the groups. The ratio of maximum to minimum R-R interval during the dynamic response of heart rate to active standing decreased with the degree of nephropathy (1.27 +/- 0.17, 1.11 +/- 0.11 and 1.05 +/- 0.06) with significantly higher values in patients with normo- compared with patients with macroalbuminuria (p < 0.05). All patients groups had significantly lower values than control subjects (1.46 +/- 0.22, p < 0.05). The overshoot of the blood pressure after an initial fall during active standing decreased with the degree of diabetic nephropathy. In conclusion, type 1 diabetic patients with long duration of diabetes have signs of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, the severity of which is related to the degree of nephropathy.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Berntorp, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Centraliserad vård grundläggande i vårdprogram för blödarsjuka
- 1999
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - 0023-7205. ; 96:15, s. 1849-1852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Haemophilia is a rare and potentially life-threatening disease. In Sweden, with a population of approximately 8.5 million, about 350 people suffer from the more severe forms of haemophilia or von Willebrand disease. Meticulous management is important if the patients are to be spared chronic disability and serious treatment complications. The disease is lifelong and affects psychosocial aspects of life among patients and their families. With the help of a grant from the Swedish Board of Halth and Welfare, a care programme has been designed to guarantee Swedish haemophiliacs comparable and optimal care. The programme has been drawn up by representatives of the three haemophilia centres in Sweden (at University Hospital, Malmo, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, and Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm) in co-operation with the World Federation of National Haemophilia Organisations. To ensure optimal individual application of the programme, individualised management strategies and patient information leaflets have been prepared.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Astermark, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Low recurrence rate after deep calf-vein thrombosis with 6 weeks of oral anticoagulation
- 1998
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 244:1, s. 79-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the recurrence rate after deep calf-vein thrombosis treated with 6 weeks of oral anticoagulation. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: A 2 year follow-up of 126 consecutive patients admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine with venographically verified deep calf-vein thrombosis. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-six patients were treated with warfarin for 6 weeks, 18 of them having had a previous episode of venous thrombosis (DVT). Eleven patients (8.7%) suffered a recurrent thromboembolic episode within 2 years, four of which were within the first 3 months. Eight of those without a history of DVT had a recurrence (7.4%). Three of these were activated protein C (APC)-resistant, one was protein C-deficient and one had malignant melanoma. Eight patients (6.3%) reported minor haemorrhagic complications, but no major bleeding was seen. CONCLUSION: Our data support the use of a 6 week regimen of secondary oral prophylaxis after a first episode of deep calf-vein thrombosis in patients without a permanent risk factor. Whether individuals with inherited thrombophilia require prolonged treatment remains to be evaluated.
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| 7. |
- Ivancev, Krassi, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal aortic aneurysms: experience with the Ivancev-Malmo endovascular system for aortomonoiliac stent-grafts
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Endovascular Surgery. - 1074-6218. ; 4:3, s. 242-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To describe a component-based aortomonoiliac stent-graft system and the first clinical results achieved with this device in endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. METHODS: From November 1993 to October 1996, 45 patients aged 60 to 86 years underwent endoluminal exclusion of true AAAs (median diameter 60 mm) involving the common iliac arteries (median diameter 16 mm right and 15 mm left) using unilimb stent-grafts deployed with the Iancev-Malmo system. RESULTS: Six immediate conversions occurred in the beginning of the series due to endografts that were too short. Complications, including 2 inadvertent renal artery occlusions, 7 kinked grafts, 6 iliac artery dissections, and 3 perioccluder leaks, were prominent features in the first 15 patients. Five patients died in the postoperative period, four of whom were nonsurgical candidates. There were five significant stent-graft migrations: one 3 weeks after surgery due to mechanical injury of the proximal stent and four after 1 year owing to continuous dilation of a wide proximal neck, stent-graft placement in a conical, thrombus-lined proximal neck, and two instances of proximal extension separation from the main graft. Translumbar aneurysm perfusion required embolization in 3 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Despite early complications associated with a learning curve, exclusion of large AAAs using unilimb stent-grafts is feasible. Strict inclusion criteria are necessary in order to improve mortality among nonsurgical candidates and minimize the risk for late migration.
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| 8. |
- Johannsson, Gudmundur, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone and the metabolic syndrome.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of endocrinological investigation. - 0391-4097. ; 22:5 Suppl, s. 41-6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association of several risk factors, obesity, dyslipoproteinemia, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and hypertension with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction has long been known and has been termed the "metabolic syndrome". In 1988 Reaven introduced syndrome X as the link between insulin resistance and hypertension. It has been suggested that a critical factor in the association between obesity, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular morbidity is the mass of intraabdominal fat. Striking similarities exist between the metabolic syndrome and untreated growth hormone (GH) deficiency in adults. The central findings in both these syndromes are abdominal/visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Other features common to both conditions are premature atherosclerosis and increased mortality from cardiovascular diseases. These similarities indicate that undetectable and low levels of GH may be of importance in the metabolic aberrations observed in both these conditions. Recent investigations have found that abdominal/visceral distribution of adipose tissue is associated with endocrine disturbances including increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and a blunted secretion of GH and sex steroids. Theoretically, these endocrine perturbations can be a consequence of obesity, but the endocrine aberrations may have causal effects. We studied moderately obese, middle-aged men with a preponderance of abdominal body fat. As a group, they had slight to moderate metabolic changes known to be associated with abdominal/visceral obesity. Nine months of GH treatment reduced their total body fat and resulted in a specific and a marked decrease in both abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue. Moreover, insulin sensitivity improved and serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglyceride decreased. Diastolic blood pressure also decreased. The finding that GH replacement in men with abdominal obesity can diminish the negative metabolic consequences of visceral obesity suggests that low levels of this hormone are of importance for the metabolic aberrations associated with visceral/abdominal obesity.
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| 9. |
- Leonsson, M, et al.
(författare)
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Growth hormone (GH) therapy in GH-deficient adults influences the response to a dietary load of cholesterol and saturated fat in terms of cholesterol synthesis, but not serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
- 1999
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 84:4, s. 1296-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increased dietary load of cholesterol (ch) and saturated fat increases serum low density lipoprotein ch (LDL-ch) levels. GH therapy in GH-deficient adults decreases serum LDL-ch levels. In the rat, GH is important for resistance to dietary cholesterol in terms of serum cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of GH on the effects of an increase in the intake of cholesterol and saturated fat on serum lipoproteins and markers for cholesterol synthesis in man. Six GH-deficient adults were given an isocaloric diet enriched in cholesterol and saturated fat for 17 days with and without GH therapy (1-1.5 U/day). Serum cholesterol, LDL-ch, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and apoA1 levels increased during the diet period with GH therapy and tended to increase during the diet period without GH. However, GH therapy did not influence the dietary effect on serum cholesterol, LDL-ch, apoA1, or apoB levels. Serum levels of triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein ch, high density lipoprotein ch, and apoE were not affected by diet or GH therapy. GH therapy increased serum lipoprotein(a) levels, but did not affect the response to diet. The serum total delta7-lathosterol/cholesterol ratio increased less during the diet period with GH therapy than during the diet period without GH. Serum 7alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one levels tended to increase during both diet periods, but were not influenced by GH treatment. Serum plant sterol levels did not change. These results indicate that GH counteracts an increase in cholesterol synthesis induced by a high fat diet without affecting bile acid synthesis or sterol absorption. GH therapy did not have any major influence on the dietary effects on serum lipoprotein levels.
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| 10. |
- Lindh, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Endovascular stent-anchored aortic grafts: a comparison between self-expanding and balloon-expandable stents in minipigs
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Endovascular Surgery. - 1074-6218. ; 3:3, s. 284-289
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study endovascular graft attachment with self-expanding Gianturco Z-stents and balloon-expanded Palmaz stents and the effect of these devices on the renal ostia. METHODS: Ten stent-grafts were constructed, 5 with Gianturco Z-stents and 5 with Palmaz stents. The endografts were implanted under fluoroscopic guidance into the abdominal aorta of 10 pigs so that the uncovered portion of the proximal stent extended over the renal artery orifices. Distal aortic blood pressure and flow were measured before and after graft placement and 1 hour postprocedure. The aorta was then exposed surgically, and the central portion of the stent-graft was inspected through an aortotomy to assess perigraft leakage. RESULTS: Stent-graft implantation was accurate and hemostatic in all cases, despite longitudinal folding of the graft due to oversizing. However, transverse folds produced pressure gradients (> 15 mmHg) between the ends of the graft in two cases. In another case, a pressure gradient resulted from partial thrombosis of the graft. In two cases, renal artery occlusion and thrombosis occurred due to coverage by the graft material. In two other animals, one of the renal arteries was entirely uncovered by a stent. The remaining 16 renal arteries were covered by the proximal stent but not the graft, as intended. One (6.25%) of these arteries thrombosed, but the remainder were grossly patent when the animals were sacrificed at 1 hour. CONCLUSIONS: Both Palmaz and Gianturco Z-stents produced hemostatic endovascular graft attachment, even in the presence of moderate graft oversizing. The risk of acute renal artery occlusion from juxtarenal stenting does not appear to be prohibitive, but longer term observations are needed.
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