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- Wennergren, Göran, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Neonatal breathing control mediated via the central chemoreceptors.
- 1983
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Ingår i: Acta physiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-6772 .- 1365-201X. ; 119:2, s. 139-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory changes elicited via the central chemoreceptor system have been studied in anesthetized newborn guinea pigs and newborn rabbits. Periodic breathing was induced by inhibition of the central chemoreceptors by superfusion with alkaline cerebrospinal fluid. The periodic breathing was promptly reversed to steady by increasing the oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration in the inspired air or by intravenous theophylline. Elicitation of periodic breathing simply by exposing the animals to hypoxia succeeded only when very low oxygen concentrations were given. Clearcut respiratory excitation was produced by small amounts of theophylline applied onto the ventral surface of the medulla. Not only theophylline intravenously but also theophylline topically applied on the ventral medullary surface normalized spontaneously developed periodic breathing. Application of meperidine onto the ventral medullary surface gave respiratory inhibition with dosages considerably lower than required when given intravenously. The results emphasize the importance of an adequate respiratory drive from the central chemoreceptors for the maintenance of a regular breathing pattern. The findings support a view that at least part of the respiratory effects seen in the newborn following administration of meperidine or theophylline is due to effect of the drugs on the central chemosensitive system.
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| 6. |
- Mårdh, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Intrauterine lung infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in a premature infant
- 1984
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Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-656X .- 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 73:4, s. 569-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study shows the probable intrauterine infection with Chlamydia trachomatis in a premature infant born in the 29th week of gestation. Chlamydiae were isolated from lung tissue collected at sterile autopsy and also demonstrated in sections of such tissue by immunofluorescence tests using monoclonal antibodies.
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| 7. |
- Winberg, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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The prepuce : a mistake of nature?
- 1989
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier Ltd.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 333:8638, s. 598-599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Retrospective studies suggest that circumcision of newborn boys will reduce the frequency of male early infantile urinary tract infection (UTI) by about 90%. If they are correct, this will be the first known instance of a common potentially lethal disease being preventable by extirpation of a piece of normal tissue. To reconcile the phenomenon with existing views of evolution and biology, it is suggested that the effects of one unphysiological intervention are counterbalancing those of another--ie, colonisation of the baby's gastrointestinal tract and genitals in maternity units by Escherichia coli strains of non-maternal origin, to which the baby has no passive immunity. As an alternative to circumcision to prevent early infantile male UTI, more natural colonisation could be promoted by strict rooming-in of mother and baby or by active colonisation of the baby with his mother's anaerobic gut flora.
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| 8. |
- Dohlsten, M, et al.
(författare)
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Lymphocyte subpopulations and lymphokine production in children with constitutional aplastic anemia
- 1988
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Ingår i: Pediatric Hematology & Oncology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1521-0669 .- 0888-0018. ; 5:2, s. 143-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression of lymphocyte surface markers as well as the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN) by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) have been studied in five children with constitutional aplastic anemia. A significantly reduced T4/T8 ratio was found and two of five patients also had a reduced percentage of B cells. One patient had a high percentage of HLA-DR positive T8+ cells, very suggestive of a high degree of circulating activated T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. IL-2 production was reduced in two patients, whereas IFN production was only reduced in one of these. The abnormalities found correlate with the duration of the bone marrow failure. The patients with the longest duration of bone marrow failure also exhibited the lowest T4/T8 ratio. No spontaneous IFN production was detected in any of the patients. There was no clinical benefit or reversal of the immune abnormalities during and following treatment with cimetidine and cyclosporine A in two patients.
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| 9. |
- Hartling, Svend G, et al.
(författare)
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Elevated proinsulin in healthy siblings of IDDM patients independent of HLA identity
- 1989
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 38:10, s. 1271-1274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the recent demonstration of elevated serum proinsulin levels in cystic fibrosis patients with impaired glucose tolerance, it was hypothesized that proinsulin could be an indicator of altered β-cell function. We therefore analyzed fasting proinsulin levels in 99 siblings of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients, most of them discordant for diabetes for >6 yr. The results from this group were compared with the results from 41 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects with no family history of diabetes. Median (range) fasting proinsulin in siblings was 8.9 pM (1.7–58 pM) vs. 3.8 pM (<1.2–28 pM) in control subjects (P < .00001). There was no difference between the groups in fasting blood glucose concentrations. Both groups had fasting insulin concentrations within the normal range with a tendency toward lower values in the siblings: 108 pM (60–237 pM) vs. 118 pM (71–175 pM) (P = .07). The 99 siblings were subdivided into groups according to HLA sharing with their diabetic proband. The concentration of proinsulin, insulin, and blood glucose among the groups of 33 HLA-identical, 40 HLA-haploidentical, and 26 nonidentical siblings did not differ significantly. The fasting proinsulin level did not correlate with fasting levels of insulin, blood glucose, age, or body weight. We conclude that fasting proinsulin is elevated in healthy siblings of IDDM patients, whereas fasting insulin is normal or slightly decreased independent of HLA identity with their diabetic sibling. Elevated proinsulin levels could represent a family trait, perhaps mirroring a β-cell more vulnerable to destruction, or it could reflect previous β-cell damage that does not lead to IDDM.
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