| 1. |
- Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design
- 2009
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Ingår i: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955
(författare)
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Ordinary differential equation system for population of individuals and the corresponding probabilistic model
- 2008
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Ingår i: Mathl. Computer Modelling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0895-7177.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The key model for particle populations in statistical mechanics is the Bogolyubov–Born– Green–Kirkwood–Yvon (BBGKY) equation chain. It is derived mainly from the Hamilton ordinary differential equation (ODE) system for the vectors of the particle states in the particle position-momentum phase space. Many problems beyond physics or chemistry, for instance, in the living-matter sciences (biology, medicine, ecology, and scoiology) make it necessary to extend the notion of a particle to an individual, or active particle. This challenge is met by the generalized kinetic theory. It implements the extension by extending the phase space from the space of the position-momentum vectors to more rich spaces formed by the state vectors with the entries which need not be limited to the entries of the position and momentum: they include other scalar variables (e.g., those associated with modelling homeorhesis or other features inherent to the individuals). One can assume that the dynamics of the state vector in the extended space, i.e. the states of the individuals (rather than common particles) is also described by an ODE system. The latter, however, need not be the Hamilton one. The question is how one can derive the analogue of the BBGKY paradigm for the new settings. The present work proposes an answer to this question. It applies a very limited number of carefully selected tools of probability theory and common statistical mechanics. It in particular uses the well-known feature that the maximum number of the individuals which can mutually interact simultaneously is bounded by a fixed value of a few units. The present approach results in the finite system of equations for the reduced many-individual distribution functions thereby eliminating the so-called closure problem inevitable in the BBGKY theory. The thermodynamic-limit assumption is not needed either. The system includes consistently derived terms of all of the basic types known in kinetic theory, in particular, both the “mean-field” and scattering-integral terms, and admits the kinetic equation of the form allowing a direct chemical-reaction reading. The present approach can deal with Hamilton’s equation systems which are nonmonogenic and not treated in statistical mechanics. The proposed modelling suggests the basis of the generalized kinetic theory and may serve as the stochastic mechanics of population of individuals.
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| 4. |
- Bresin, Roberto, et al.
(författare)
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Auditory feedback through continuous control of crumpling sound synthesis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Sonic Interaction Design. - : IUAV University of Venice. - 9788890341304 ; , s. 23-28
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A realtime model for the synthesis of crumpling sounds ispresented. By capturing the statistics of short sonic transients which give rise to crackling noise, it allows for a consistent description of a broad spectrum of audible physical processes which emerge in several everyday interaction contexts.The model drives a nonlinear impactor that sonifies every transient, and it can be parameterized depending on the physical attributes of the crumpling material. Three different scenarios are described, respectively simulating the foot interaction with aggregate ground materials, augmenting a dining scenario, and affecting the emotional content of a footstep sequence. Taken altogether, they emphasize the potential generalizability of the model to situations in which a precise control of auditory feedback can significantly increase the enactivity and ecological validity of an interface.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Visell, Y., et al.
(författare)
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Sound design and perception in walking interactions
- 2009
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Ingår i: International journal of human-computer studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 1071-5819 .- 1095-9300. ; 67:11, s. 947-959
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews the state of the art in the display and perception of walking generated sounds and tactile vibrations, and their current and potential future uses in interactive systems. As non-visual information sources that are closely linked to human activities in diverse environments, such signals are capable of communicating about the spaces we traverse and activities we encounter in familial and intuitive ways However, in order for them to be effectively employed in human-computer interfaces, significant knowledge is required in areas including the perception of acoustic signatures of walking, and the design, engineering, and evaluation of interfaces that utilize them. Much of this expertise has accumulated in recent years, although many questions remain to be explored We highlight past work and current research directions in this Multidisciplinary area of investigation, and point to potential future trends.
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| 7. |
- Bresin, Roberto
(författare)
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What is the color of that music performance?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference - ICMC 2005. - Barcelona. ; , s. 367-370
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The representation of expressivity in music is still a fairlyunexplored field. Alternative ways of representing musicalinformation are necessary when providing feedback onemotion expression in music such as in real-time tools formusic education, or in the display of large music databases.One possible solution could be a graphical non-verbal representationof expressivity in music performance using coloras index of emotion. To determine which colors aremost suitable for an emotional expression, a test was run.Subjects rated how well each of 8 colors and their 3 nuancescorresponds to each of 12 music performances expressingdifferent emotions. Performances were playedby professional musicians with 3 instruments, saxophone,guitar, and piano. Results show that subjects associateddifferent hues to different emotions. Also, dark colorswere associated to music in minor tonality and light colorsto music in major tonality. Correspondence betweenspectrum energy and color hue are preliminary discussed.
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| 8. |
- Mamontov, Eugen, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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What stochastic mechanics are relevant to the study of living systems?
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B: Natural, Exact and Applied Sciences. - Riga, Latvia : Latvian Academy of Sciences. - 1407-009X. ; 59:6, s. 255-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biologists have identified many features of living systems which cannot be studied by application of fundamental statistical mechanics (FSM). The present work focuses on some of these features. By discussing all the basic approaches of FSM, the work formulates the extension of the kinetic-theory paradigm (based on the reduced one-particle distribution function) that possesses all the considered properties of the living systems. This extension appears to be a model within the generalized-kinetic theory developed by N. Bellomo and his co-authors. In connection with this model, the work also stresses some other features necessary for making the model relevant to living systems. An example is discussed, which is a generalized kinetic equation coupled with the probability-density equation which represents the varying component content of a living system. The work also suggests directions for future research.
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| 9. |
- Rios, Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Magallanes : a web services discovery and automatic workflow composition tool
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Bioinformatics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2105. ; 10:334
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:To aid in bioinformatics data processing and analysis, an increasing number of web-based applications are being deployed. Although this is a positive circumstance in general, the proliferation of tools makes it difficult to find the right tool, or more importantly, the right set of tools that can work together to solve real complex problems.RESULTS:Magallanes (Magellan) is a versatile, platform-independent Java library of algorithms aimed at discovering bioinformatics web services and associated data types. A second important feature of Magallanes is its ability to connect available and compatible web services into workflows that can process data sequentially to reach a desired output given a particular input. Magallanes’ capabilities can be exploited both as an API or directly accessed through a graphic user interface.The Magallanes’ API is freely available for academic use, and together with Magallanes application has been tested in MS-WindowsTM XP and Unix-like operating systems. Detailed implementation information, including user manuals and tutorials, is available at http://www.bitlab-es.com/magallanes.CONCLUSION:Different implementations of the same client (web page, desktop applications, web services, etc.) have been deployed and are currently in use in real installations such as the National Institute of Bioinformatics (Spain) and the ACGT-EU project. This shows the potential utility and versatility of the software library, including the integration of novel tools in the domain and with strong evidences in the line of facilitate the automatic discovering and composition of workflows.
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| 10. |
- Vitale, Renzo, et al.
(författare)
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Emotional cues in knocking sounds
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proc. of the 10th International Conference on Music Perception and Cognition. ; , s. 276-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The object of this research is to describe how temporal and dynamic cues in knocking sounds can communicate emotions, just like in expressive musical performances. An experiment has been conducted where several emotions were supposed to be expressed by different performers. Participants were asked to knock on a wooden door according to instructions. Knocking sounds have been recorded both outside and inside the room, and afterwards they were rated in listening tests. Together with acoustic measurements, arm movements during the knocking action were detected through a motion capture system, so that the body behaviour (visual component) could be correlated to the sound evaluation (acoustical component). Based on previous research on arm movements and music performance, ten different emotions were selected for investigation. Results confirm the use of the same strategies in both expressive everyday body gestures and expressive music performance. Listeners were able to perceive emotions to a large extent. Strong similarities between the use of acoustical features in knocking and music performance were found. The intended emotions were generally perceived correctly. Among the relevant acoustical features extracted from the recordings, rhythm and IOI as well as loudness revealed to be strong cues.
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