| 1. |
- Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design
- 2009
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Ingår i: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
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| 2. |
- Romero, Mario, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Alien Presence in the Home : The Design of Tableau Machine
- 2008
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Ingår i: Personal and Ubiquitous Computing. - : Springer. - 1617-4909 .- 1617-4917. ; 12:5, s. 373-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce a design strategy, alien presence, which combines work in human---computer interaction, artificial intelligence, and media art to create enchanting experiences involving reflection over and contemplation of daily activities. An alien presence actively interprets and characterizes daily activity and reflects it back via generative, ambient displays that avoid simple one-to-one mappings between sensed data and output. We describe the alien presence design strategy for achieving enchantment, and report on Tableau Machine, a concrete example of an alien presence design for domestic spaces. We report on an encouraging formative evaluation indicating that Tableau Machine does indeed support reflection and actively engages users in the co-construction of meaning around the display.
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| 3. |
- Hedenberg, Klas, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Obstacle Detection For Thin Horizontal Structures
- 2008
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Ingår i: World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science. - Hong Kong : International Association of Engineers. - 9789889867102 ; , s. 689-693
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many vision-based approaches for obstacle detection often state that vertical thin structure is of importance, e.g. poles and trees. However, there are also problem in detecting thin horizontal structures. In an industrial case there are horizontal objects, e.g. cables and fork lifts, and slanting objects, e.g. ladders, that also has to be detected. This paper focuses on the problem to detect thin horizontal structures. The system uses three cameras, situated as a horizontal pair and a vertical pair, which makes it possible to also detect thin horizontal structures. A comparison between a sparse disparity map based on edges and a dense disparity map with a column and row filter is made. Both methods use the Sum of Absolute Difference to compute the disparity maps. Special interest has been in scenes with thin horizontal objects. Tests show that the sparse dense method based on the Canny edge detector works better for the environments we have tested.
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| 4. |
- Pousman, Zachary, et al.
(författare)
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Living with Tableau Machine : A Longitudinal Investigation of a Curious Domestic Intelligence
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Press. ; , s. 370-379
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a longitudinal investigation of Tableau Machine, an intelligent entity that interprets and reflects the lives of occupants in the home. We created Tableau Machine (TM) to explore the parts of home life that are unrelated to accomplishing tasks. Task support for "smart homes" has inspired many researchers in the community. We consider design for experience, an orthogonal dimension to task-centric home life. TM produces abstract visualizations on a large LCD every few minutes, driven by a set of four overhead cameras that capture a sense of the social life of a domestic space. The openness and ambiguity of TM allow for a cycle of co-interpretation with householders. We report on three longitudinal deployments of TM for a period of six weeks. Participant families engaged with TM at the outset to understand how their behaviors were influencing the machine, and, while TM remained puzzling, householders interacted richly with TM and its images. We extract some key design implications for an experience-focused smart home.
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| 5. |
- Frintrop, Simone
(författare)
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VOCUS : A visual attention system for object detection and goal-directed search
- 2006
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 3540327592 - 9783540327592 ; , s. 1-228
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Visual attention is a mechanism in human perception which selects relevant regions from a scene and provides these regions for higher-level processing as object recognition. This enables humans to act effectively in their environment despite the complexity of perceivable sensor data. Computational vision systems face the same problem as humans: there is a large amount of information to be processed and to achieve this efficiently, maybe even in real-time for robotic applications, the order in which a scene is investigated must be determined in an intelligent way. A promising approach is to use computational attention systems that simulate human visual attention. This monograph introduces the biologically motivated computational attention system VOCUS (Visual Object detection with a Computational attention System) that detects regions of interest in images. It operates in two modes, in an exploration mode in which no task is provided, and in a search mode with a specified target. In exploration mode, regions of interest are defined by strong contrasts (e.g., color or intensity contrasts) and by the uniqueness of a feature. For example, a black sheep is salient in a flock of white sheep. In search mode, the system uses previously learned information about a target object to bias the saliency computations with respect to the target. In various experiments, it is shown that the target is on average found with less than three fixations, that usually less than five training images suffice to learn the target information, and that the system is mostly robust with regard to viewpoint changes and illumination variances. Furthermore, we demonstrate how VOCUS profits from additional sensor data: we apply the system to depth and reflectance data from a 3D laser scanner and show the advantages that the laser modes provide. By fusing the data of both modes, we demonstrate how the system is able to consider distinct object properties and how the flexibility of the system increases by considering different data. Finally, the regions of interest provided by VOCUS serve as input to a classifier that recognizes the object in the detected region. We show how and in which cases the classification is sped up and how the detection quality is improved by the attentional front-end. This approach is especially useful if many object classes have to be considered, a frequently occurring situation in robotics. VOCUS provides a powerful approach to improve existing vision systems by concentrating computational resources to regions that are more likely to contain relevant information. The more the complexity and power of vision systems increase in the future, the more they will profit from an attentional front-end like VOCUS.
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| 6. |
- Bouguerra, Abdelbaki, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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An autonomous robotic system for load transportation
- 2009
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Ingår i: 2009 IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (EFTA 2009). - New York : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781424427277 - 9781424427284 ; , s. 1563-1566
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an overview of an autonomous robotic material handling system. The goal of the system is to extend the functionalities of traditional AGVs to operate in highly dynamic environments. Traditionally, the reliable functioning of AGVs relies on the availability of adequate infrastructure to support navigation. In the target environments of our system, such infrastructure is difficult to setup in an efficient way. Additionally, the location of objects to handle are unknown, which requires that the system be able to detect and track object positions at runtime. Another requirement of the system is to be able to generate trajectories dynamically, which is uncommon in industrial AGV systems.
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| 7. |
- Magnusson, Andreas
(författare)
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Evolutionary optimisation of a morphological image processor for embedded systems
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The work presented in this thesis concerns the design, development and implementation of two digital components to be used, primarily, in autonomously operating embedded systems, such as mobile robots. The first component is an image coprocessor, for high-speed morphological image processing, and the second is a hardware-based genetic algorithm coprocessor, which provides evolutionary computation functionality for embedded applications. The morphological image coprocessor, the Clutter-II, has been optimised for efficiency of implementation, processing speed and system integration. The architecture employs a compact hardware structure for its implementation of the morphological neighbourhood transformations. The compact structure realises a significantly reduced hardware resource cost. The resources saved by the compact structure can be used to increase parallelism in image processing operations, thereby improving processing speed in a similarly significant manner. The design of the Clutter-II as a coprocessor enables easy-to-use and efficient access to its image processing capabilities from the host system processor and application software. High-speed input-output interfaces, with separated instruction and data buses, provide effective communication with system components external to the Clutter-II. A substantial part of the work presented in this thesis concerns the practical implementation of morphological filters for the Clutter-II, using the compact transformation structure. To derive efficient filter implementations, a genetic algorithm has been developed. The algorithm optimises the filter implementation by minimising the number of operations required for a particular filter. The experience gained from the work on the genetic algorithm inspired the development of the second component, the HERPUC. HERPUC is a hardware-based genetic algorithm processor, which employs a novel hardware implementation of the selection mechanism of the algorithm. This, in combination with a flexible form of recombination operator, has made the HERPUC an efficient hardware implementation of a genetic algorithm. Results indicate that the HERPUC is able to solve the set of test problems, to which it has been applied, using fewer fitness evaluations and a smaller population size, than previous hardware-based genetic algorithm implementations.
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| 8. |
- Romero, Mario, et al.
(författare)
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A preliminary investigation of Alien Presence
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Human-Computer Interaction International (HCII 2005), Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 2005. - : HCII.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Work in ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence tends to focus on information access and task supportsystems informed by the office environment, which tend to view the whole world as an office, or on surveillancesystems that feature asymmetric information access, providing interpretations of activity to a central authority. Thealien presence provides an alternative model of ambient intelligence; an alien presence actively interprets abstractqualities of human activity (e.g. mood, social energy) and reports these interpretations, not to a central authority, butback to the user’s themselves in the form of ambient, possibly physical displays. The goal of an alien presence is nottask accomplishment and efficient access to information, but rather to open unusual viewpoints onto everydayhuman activity, create pleasure, and provide opportunities for contemplation and wonder. The design of an alienpresence is an interdisciplinary endeavor drawing on artificial intelligence techniques, art practices of creation andcritique, and HCI methods of design and evaluation. In this paper we present preliminary work on the TableauxMachine, an alien presence designed for the home environment, as well as discuss a number of general design issuesof alien presence including co-interpretation, authorship, richness of expression vs. system complexity, tensionsbetween viewing computation as a medium vs. as a model, issues of privacy, and evaluation.
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| 9. |
- Berrada, Dounia, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic Administration of the Get Up and Go Test
- 2007
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Ingår i: HealthNet'07. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. ; , s. 73-75
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In-home monitoring using sensors has the potential to improve the life of elderly and chronically ill persons, assist their family and friends in supervising their status, and provide early warning signs to the person's clinicians. The Get Up and Go test is a clinical test used to assess the balance and gait of a patient. We propose a way to automatically apply an abbreviated version of this test to patients in their residence using video data without body-worn sensors or markers.
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| 10. |
- Kyrki, V., et al.
(författare)
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Recent trends in computational and robot vision
- 2008
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Ingår i: Unifying perspectives in computational and robot vision. - New York : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 9780387755212 ; , s. 1-10
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are many characteristics in common in computer vision research and vision research in robotics. For example, the Structure-and-Motion problem in vision has its analog of SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) in robotics, visual SLAM being one of the current hot topics. Tracking is another area seeing great interest in both communities, in its many variations, such as 2-D and 3-D tracking, single and multi-object tracking, rigid and deformable object tracking. Other topics of interest for both communities are object and action recognition. Despite having these common interests, however, "pure" computer vision has seen significant theoretical and methodological advances during the last decade which many of the robotics researchers are not fully aware of. On the other hand, the manipulation and control capabilities of robots as well as the range of application areas have developed greatly. In robotics, vision can not be considered an isolated component, but it is instead a part of a system resulting in an action. Thus, in robotics the vision research should include consideration of the control of the system, in other words, the entire perception-action loop. A holistic system approach would then be useful and could provide significant advances in this application domain.
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