| 1. |
- Härlin, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Cladistic analysis of the eureptantic nemerteans (Nemertea : Hoplonemertea)
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Invertebrate taxonomy. - 0818-0164 .- 1445-4572. ; 9:6, s. 1211-1229
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A phylogeny for the 34 species we consider well enough described in the suborder Eureptantia (phylum Nemertea) is inferred by cladistic analysis based on 38 morphological characters. The phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that many previously recognised genera and families are paraphyletic. These findings are discussed and compared with earlier classifications. We also present an identification key to the species based on the cladistic analysis.
|
|
| 2. |
- Härlin, Mikael
(författare)
-
Phylogenetic approaches to nomenclature : a comparison based on a nemertean case study.
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 266:1434, s. 2201-2207
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic approaches to biological nomenclature are becoming increasingly common. Here I compare the behaviour of two such approaches, the phylogenetic system of definition and the phylogenetic system of reference, when there is a shift in the preference of phylogenetic hypotheses. The comparison is based on a case study from nemertean systematics and is the first to compare two different phylogenetic approaches throughout three stages of change, including two stages of phylogenetic nomenclature. It is concluded that a phylogenetic system of reference in combination with uninomials is superior in conveying phylogenetic information.
|
|
| 3. |
- Härlin, Mikael
(författare)
-
Taxonomic names and phylogenetic trees
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 27:4, s. 381-390
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper addresses the issue of philosophy of names within the context of biological taxonomy, more specifically how names refer. By contrasting two philosophies of names, one that is based on the idea that names can be defined and one that they cannot be defined, I point out some advantages of the latter within phylogenetic systematics. Due to the changing nature of phylogenetic hypotheses, the former approach tends to rob taxonomy from its unique communicative value since a name that is defined refers to whatever fits the definition. This is particularly troublesome should the hypothesis of phylogenetic relationship change. I argue that, should we decide to accept a new phylogenetic hypothesis, it is also likely that our view of what to name may change. A system where names only refer acknowledge this, and accordingly leaves it open whether to keep a name (and accept the way it refers in the new hypothesis) or discard a name and introduce new names for the parts of the tree that we find scientifically interesting. One of the main differences between a phylogenetic system of definition (PSD) and a phylogenetic system of reference (PSR) is that the former is governed by laws of language while the latter by communicative needs of taxonomists. Thus, a PSR tends to give primacy to phylogenetic trees rather than phylogenetic definitions of names should our views of which phylogenetic hypothesis to accept change.
|
|
| 4. |
- Härlin, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
-
Taxonomy and philosophy of names
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Biology & Philosophy. - 0169-3867 .- 1572-8404. ; 13:2, s. 233-244
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although naming biological clades is a major activity in taxonomy, little attention has been paid to what these names actually refer to. In philosophy, definite descriptions have long been considered equivalent to the meaning of names and biological taxonomy is a scientific application of these ideas. One problem with definite descriptions as the meanings of names is that the name will refer to whatever fits the description rather than the intended individual (clade). Recent proposals for explicit phylogenetic definitions of clade names suffer from similar problems and we argue that clade names cannot be defined since they lack intension. Furthermore we stress the importance of "tree-thinking" for phylogenetic reference to work properly.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Kylin, Henrik
(författare)
-
Några intressanta svenska fynd av slemsvampar (myxomyceter)
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Jordstjärnan. - : Sveriges Mykologiska Förening. - 0280-5057. ; 19:1, s. 19-20
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As first finds from Sweden are reported the slime moulds Reticularia splendens MORGAN, Comatricha longa PECK, Stemonitis lignicola NANN.-BREMEK., and Physarella oblonga (BERK. & M. A. CURTIS) MORGAN.
|
|
| 8. |
- Kylin, Henrik
(författare)
-
Några intressanta svenska myxomycetfynd
- 1997
-
Ingår i: Windahlia: Journal of Mycology. - 0282-082X. ; 22, s. 29-31
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Five species of myxomycetes are reported as new to Sweden viz. Badhamia affinis Rost., B. dubia Nann.-Bremek., Licea biforis Morgon, Physarum cf. stramimpes A. Lister and Physarum cf. mortomi Macbride. Three additional species rarely found in Sweden, Colloderma occulatum (Lippert) G. Lister, Dianema corticatum A. Lister and Macbrideola cornea (G. Lister & Gran) Alexopoulos, are reported from new localities.
|
|
| 9. |
- Sundberg, P, et al.
(författare)
-
Homoplasy, character function and nemertean systematics
- 1994
-
Ingår i: Journal of Zoology. - : Wiley. - 0952-8369 .- 1469-7998. ; 234:2, s. 253-263
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We question recent claims that cladistic analysis is inapplicable in nemerteans (phylum Nemertea) due to a supposedly high degree of convergence. We further argue that terms like convergence and parallelism are historical sayings and only make sense in a phylogenetic context. Therefore, an approach aiming to produce phylogenetic hypotheses cannot be rejected on the grounds of a high degree of convergence before the actual hypothesis. Convergence is not an empirical observation, but a conclusion made after an analysis. We also discuss the view that knowledge of a character's function is a prerequisite for phylogenetic analysis and conclude that this is an invalid approach. Function, like any other way of sharpening our observations, helps in formulating non-phylogenetic hypotheses of homology, but the crucial test is congruence with other characters on a phylogeny.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
