| 1. |
- Liu, Yuanhua, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Considering the importance of user profiles in interface design
- 2009
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Ingår i: User Interfaces. ; , s. 23-
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- User profile is a popular term widely employed during product design processes by industrial companies. Such a profile is normally intended to represent real users of a product. The ultimate purpose of a user profile is actually to help designers to recognize or learn about the real user by presenting them with a description of a real user’s attributes, for instance; the user’s gender, age, educational level, attitude, technical needs and skill level. The aim of this chapter is to provide information on the current knowledge and research about user profile issues, as well as to emphasize the importance of considering these issues in interface design. In this chapter, we mainly focus on how users’ difference in expertise affects their performance or activity in various interaction contexts. Considering the complex interaction situations in practice, novice and expert users’ interactions with medical user interfaces of different technical complexity will be analyzed as examples: one focuses on novice and expert users’ difference when interacting with simple medical interfaces, and the other focuses on differences when interacting with complex medical interfaces. Four issues will be analyzed and discussed: (1) how novice and expert users differ in terms of performance during the interaction; (2) how novice and expert users differ in the perspective of cognitive mental models during the interaction; (3) how novice and expert users should be defined in practice; and (4) what are the main differences between novice and expert users’ implications for interface design. Besides describing the effect of users’ expertise difference during the interface design process, we will also pinpoint some potential problems for the research on interface design, as well as some future challenges that academic researchers and industrial engineers should face in practice.
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| 2. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis
(författare)
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New technologies in the education of native language
- 2004
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Ingår i: Greek language education in Scandinavia. ; , s. 73-76
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Education in mother tongue as well as any education, demands the use of adequate methods and tools to be effective. New technology offers many possibilities for this purpose. In the present paper different IT solutions are discussed and their contribution to the goal of learning the mother tongue are examined. Necessary conditions for successful learning are supposed to be the careful choice and the continuous adaptation of used IT tools to the psychological learning process of the child.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Laaksoharju, Mikael, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Can micro world simulations assess and stimulate ethical competence?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference ETHICOMP 2008. - Mantua, Italy : University of Pavia. - 9788890286995 ; , s. 503-510
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Micro worlds can be constructed to assess and promote the ethical competence of users. However, the theoretical basis has to be on psychological problem solving and decision making processes. In this paper we discuss the conditions necessary for a micro world as a method to measure and train ethical competence. Two things in particular are interesting to investigate: 1) To determine which parameters to measure, that indicate autonomous decision making, and 2) to establish a model for interpreting the proceedings and the subject’s interaction with the simulation as a representation of the psychological problem solving and decision making process.
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| 5. |
- Falkman, Göran, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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SOMWeb - Towards an Infrastructure for Knowledge Sharing in Oral Medicine
- 2005
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Ingår i: Connecting Medical Informatics and Bio-Informatics: Proceedings of MIE2005 - The XIXth International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 1586035495 ; 116, s. 527-32, s. 527-532
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a net-based society, clinicians can come together for cooperative work and distance learning around a common medical material. This requires suitable techniques for cooperative knowledge management and user interfaces that are adapted to both the group as a whole and to individuals. To support distributed management and sharing of clinical knowledge, we propose the development of an intelligent web community for clinicians within oral medicine. This virtual meeting place will support the ongoing work on developing a digital knowledge base, providing a foundation for a more evidence-based oral medicine. The presented system is founded on the use and development of web services and standards for knowledge modelling and knowledge-based systems. The work is conducted within the frame of a well-established cooperation between oral medicine and computer science.
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| 6. |
- Danielson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Public Decision Support - Using a DSS to Increase Democratic Transparency
- 2005
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Ingår i: International Journal of Public Information Systems. - Sundsvall : Mittuniversitetet. - 1653-4360. ; 1:1, s. 3-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a case study in which a decision support method (ADL) was employed by a local government in order to guide and aid decisions on three complicated and politically infected issues which had remained unresolved for many years. The research inquiry was whether a well-defined and openly accessible method would aid a common understanding of the decision problems, and whether people would be able to accept a clearly motivated decision even if politically they preferred a different option. The ADL method has been used in several public sector projects ranging from very large purchasing decisions to the selection of national policies, but this test case was novel in that it involved close inspection by the public. This case was also devised as a test of new methods for potential inclusion into normal practices. The post-case analysis shows mixed understanding of and belief in the method. The results raise issues concerning both the potential for decision support methods in a political context and the nature of political decision making.
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| 7. |
- Casado, Lander, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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ContikiSec: A Secure Network Layer for Wireless Sensor Networks under the Contiki Operating System
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 14th Nordic Conference on Secure IT Systems (NordSec 2009), Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - 1611-3349. - 9783642047657 ; 5838, s. 133 - 147
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we introduce ContikiSec, a secure network layer forwireless sensor networks, designed for the Contiki Operating System. ContikiSechas a configurable design, providing three security modes starting fromconfidentiality and integrity, and expanding to confidentiality, authentication,and integrity. ContikiSec has been designed to balance low energy consumptionand security while conforming to a small memory footprint. Our design wasbased on performance evaluation of existing security primitives and is part ofthe contribution of this paper. Our evaluation was performed in the ModularSensor Board hardware platform for wireless sensor networks, running Contiki.Contiki is an open source, highly portable operating system for wireless sensornetworks (WSN) that is widely used in WSNs.
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| 8. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis
(författare)
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Information Technology as a tool for democratic skills
- 2007
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Ingår i: Forms of democracy in education. - 9789607860750 ; , s. 155-162
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Democracy does not depend only on political conditions and processes in society. Psychological conditions and processes of participating persons or citizens are also important. Dialog, for example, is necessary for democracy. But dialog does not occur among people who are absolutely convinced about the truth of their ideas. A personal critical attitude toward own beliefs is a necessary precondition for dialog and democracy. How can IT train for self-criticism, systematic searching and critical thinking? This paper presents two IT-tools, a micro-world simulation of society and a decision support system, which can be used to stimulate autonomous thinking. Autonomous thinking is unconstraint, self-critical, systematic and holistic problem solving and decision making. Both these tools can be used in distance education for democracy using the Internet.
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| 9. |
- Löfström, Tuve
(författare)
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Utilizing Diversity and Performance Measures for Ensemble Creation
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- An ensemble is a composite model, aggregating multiple base models into one predictive model. An ensemble prediction, consequently, is a function of all included base models. Both theory and a wealth of empirical studies have established that ensembles are generally more accurate than single predictive models. The main motivation for using ensembles is the fact that combining several models will eliminate uncorrelated base classifier errors. This reasoning, however, requires the base classifiers to commit their errors on different instances – clearly there is no point in combining identical models. Informally, the key term diversity means that the base classifiers commit their errors independently of each other. The problem addressed in this thesis is how to maximize ensemble performance by analyzing how diversity can be utilized when creating ensembles. A series of studies, addressing different facets of the question, is presented. The results show that ensemble accuracy and the diversity measure difficulty are the two individually best measures to use as optimization criterion when selecting ensemble members. However, the results further suggest that combinations of several measures are most often better as optimization criteria than single measures. A novel method to find a useful combination of measures is proposed in the end. Furthermore, the results show that it is very difficult to estimate predictive performance on unseen data based on results achieved with available data. Finally, it is also shown that implicit diversity achieved by varied ANN architecture or by using resampling of features is beneficial for ensemble performance.
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| 10. |
- Gustavsson, Per M., 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Machine Interpretable Representation of Commander's Intent
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 13th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (13th ICCRTS).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Network-Centric approach envisioned in the Global Information Grid enables the interconnection of systems in a dynamic and flexible architecture to support multi-lateral, civilian and military missions. Constantly changing environments require commanders to plan for missions that allow organizations from various nations and agencies to join or separate from the teams performing the missions, depending on the situation, as missions unfold. The uncertainty within an actual mission, and the variety of potential organizations that support the mission after it is underway, makes Command Intent (CI) a critical concept for the mission team. With new and innovative information technologies, CI can now be made available to the team of organizations in a coalition environment. Using a flexible and linguistically based approach for representing CI allows Intent to be interpreted and processed by all participants – both humans and machines. CI representations need to be able to express mission team’s purpose, the anticipated End-State of the mission and desired key tasks. In this work, the expression of CI is developed to enable the structure and dynamics of collaboration support.
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