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- Bjurström, Erling, 1949-
(författare)
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Högt och lågt : Smak och stil i ungdomskulturen
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis contributes to the understanding of modern youth cultures. The study consists of three parts. The first part explores the development of youth culture research. In the second part a theoretical perspective is developed on taste and style that can be applied to contemporary youth cultures. The key concepts used in this elaboration are stylisation and contextualisation, and the distinction between style markers and style elements. Stylisation is regarded as a prerequisite for the production of style, which puts emphasis on the agency involved in the construction of youth styles. Style markers, i.e. single or combined elements which give an immediate comprehension of the distinctive traits of a style, are fundamental to the social classification and decoding of styles. They also play a decisive role in the recontextualisation of styles. Styles are always drawn into processes of distinction and dialogism. The former of these processes has foremost been elaborated in the cultural sociology of Pierre Bourdieu and the latter in the work of Paul Ricoeur and Mikhail Bakhtin. In the second part of the thesis these approaches are combined into a dialectic of distinction and dialogism. At the same time Bourdieu's notions of symbolic capital, social fields and habitus are scrutinized. In the third part of the thesis the theoretical perspective is oriented towards empirical findings. The aim of the empirical investigations is to analyse whether and to what extent social dimensions are reflected in young people's taste for culture and aesthetics. The data used in the empirical analysis were collected in three Swedish cities, Gothenburg, Gävle and Stockholm, in 1991/92, 1993 and 1994/95 respectively. The methodology used is a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, that makes it possible to analyse young people's cultural and aesthetic orientations from both the perspective of structure and agency. The analysis of the data from Gothenburg and Gävle confirms Bourdieu's notion of the crucial role played by the educational system in the distribution of symbolic capital, and that there are marked differences between male and female tastes. The analysis of the structural differences in the pupils' taste was complemented by an analysis of the sense for the taste-game of culture based on interviews conducted with young people in Stockholm. In an ideal typical manner the interviewed young perople's orientations towards culture and aesthetics were divided into three categories: one which solely preferred non-consecrated forms of culture, another which mainly preferred popular culture, and yet another, with a relatively strong taste for both consecrated and popular culture. The sense for cultural distinctions in the last group was not merely bound to high culture, but also to popular culture. From this the conclusion is reached that the pure aesthetic gaze is not the only gaze involved in cultural distinction. It is further argued that Bourdieu's theory of symbolic capital, fields and habitus ought to be complemented with an analysis of different kinds of social fields and their power of consecration in the understanding of cultural hierarchies. The sense for the taste-game of culture also played a crucial role in young people's orientations to different styles. The sense for style was in many cases intervened with structural reflexivity and self-reflexivity. Finally, an analysis of the male and female style gaze was extracted from the gender differences found in the empirical material. The male style gaze is mainly turned towards style, whereas the female style gaze is foremost turned towards stylisation. In this way boys are more inclined than girls to position themselves in relation to the symbolic structures of style.
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| 2. |
- Lundälv, Jörgen, 1966
(författare)
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Det talande offret. Journalistik vid olyckor och katastrofer
- 1999
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det talande offret är en skildring av tillståndet i svensk krisjournalistik och en diskussion om hur väl förberedda journalister är i kontakterna med den sårade och lidande människan. I boken berättar reportrar och fotografer om sina erfarenheter från olycks- och katastrofplatser. Två viktiga metoder framkommer: "kompostering" och "återvinning" av kriserfarenheter. Boken ger även råd om hur räddningspersonal mfl i sin yrkesroll bör bemöta pressen när en katastrof inträffat. Boken, som är den första i sitt slag i Sverige, kan användas som studiematerial inom journalist-, medicin-, vård-, socionom-, polis-, och räddningstjänstutbildningarna.
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| 4. |
- Bolin, Göran, 1959-
(författare)
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Filmbytare : videovåld, kulturell produktion & unga män
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this thesis is Swedish Film Swappers, i.e. young men who swap video films that include graphically explicit depictions of violence, and their cultural practices. Inspired by action and horror films some Film Swappers have become cultural producers, either of amateur videos, or of fanzines, i.e. amateur writing by fans for other fans.The Film Swappers have been studied through the analytical lens of public spheres, taste and identity, and by the methods of media ethnography (including participant communication, ethnographic interviews and textual analysis of the films they watch and the cultural artifacts they produce). Five groups of fanzine producers and three groups of amateur video producers have been studied from late 1992 to 1996. The material consists of interviews, fanzines, video films (commercial as well as amateur productions), newspaper and magazine articles, radio programmes and field notes.Fanzines have been central to the communicative organisation of the Film Swappers, and have contributed to the development of a public structure for the exchange of films, and of information on where to get hold of them and to read more about them. Through communicative action, an alternative public sphere with its own forms of consumption, distribution and production has been formed. The debate on the value of different films and videos has also been used strategically by the Film Swappers for distinctive taste practices, and alternative film canons have been proposed. This communicative and strategic action has been of great importance in the construction of the young men's identity.
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| 6. |
- Svensson, Göran, 1958-
(författare)
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Mediekritik och mediemakt : Bidrag till en kartering av mediekritikens fält
- 1998
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Ingår i: Sociologisk forskning. - : Sveriges Sociologförbund. - 0038-0342 .- 2002-066X. ; 35:3-4, s. 171-194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the late 90s critical debate and research on the media have gained wide attention. Media criticism and critique is becoming a central political, social and scientific issue. In the article the concept of media criticism is discussed. Media criticism is interpreted as public discourse assessing the media and media impact. Beyond a dialogue on media policy and media practice, criticism offers highly polarized and partly mystifying accounts of the media and its social and cultural impact. The heated debate on media is interpreted as part of a social struggle between different social institutions (markets, politics, science and media) and as different models for action and knowledge. New forms and arenas for media criticism are also suggested and discussed.
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| 7. |
- Holmberg, Susan, 1957-
(författare)
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Confronting Value Strain : Press Coverage of Health Care Reform in Sweden and the United States
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation examines the journalistic discourse surrounding health care reform debates in Sweden and the US in the early 1990's. It found that in both countries, the challenging value (i.e. collectivism in US, individualism in Sweden) was treated less favorably than the dominant value both in the journalistic text and in the choice of actors allowed to speak through the media. Journalists in both countries protected their own dominant value and helped to resist core value change, although they tended to allow actors to express challenging values more loudly than they themselves would do. Study based on qualitative and quantitative content analysis of New York Times, USA Today, Dagens Nyheter and Expressen 1992-1995.
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| 9. |
- Sveningsson, Malin, 1968
(författare)
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Cybermöten. Om webchat som arena för kontaktskapande
- 1999
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Ingår i: Fägerborg & Westergren (Red.) Mus och Människa. Nordiska muséets skriftserie. - Stockholm : Nordiska muséets skriftserie. ; , s. 69-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
- Cedersund, Elisabet, 1950-
(författare)
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Från personligt problem till administrativt beslut : att ansöka om ekonomiskt bistånd
- 1992
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- One of the main interests behind this study has been to examine how institutions, such as the social services, deal with people 's troubles and difficulties, how a private problem is transferred to the language used within a public institution. The study deals with the processing of applications for financial assistance, and is based on a documentation of talk and text - from the initial telephone mediated contact to the final written decision - which are produced in the handling of the clients' applications. Even though previous studies of institutional discourse have shown interest in the daily routines of formal organizations, working with the processing of cases, they have often neglected the role that different kinds of texts play in these processes. The present study concems the roJe of text and talk as parts of such routines.DATAThe study contains a detailed documentation of the processing of appJications for financial assistance involving 25 individual cases. This corpus was compiled a) telephone conversations between social workers and clients (20 calls are documented by means of participant observations and written notes)b) face-to-face conversations between social workers and clients (25 audio-taped conversations)c) application forms and other written documents which form the basis for decisions (copies of the relevant papers from 20 cases)d) the social workers' written decisions (copies from 20 cases)e) meetings with the social welfare committee (discuss ions and decisions conceming 3 applications documented by means of participant observation and written notes: copies of the minutes and other kinds of written decisions)f) interviews with the clients and social workers, who participatedin the study (23 clients and 15 social workers have participated in audio-taped interviews).ANALYSISThe recorded conversations and interviews were transcribed in extenso. The analyses are based on the transcriptions as well as the audio-tapes. The conversations have been analysed in several ways, e.g. in terms of sequential structure and contents as well as their function in the institutional context.The written documents - the applications and decisions etc. - included in the study have been analysed mainly with regard to their significance in the processing of the individual cases. The documents have made it possible to investigate both the relation between spoken and written discourse and the processing of 'cases' through several stages, which is common in many areas of bureaucratic organizations (Jönsson, 1988).RESULTSThe presentation of the results of this study follows the stages which have been identified in the processing of the cases. This handling of the clients is found to follow a distinct order which includes the following steps: 1) the client's initial telephone call to the social welfare office; 2) the application form which is supposed to be filled in by the client; 3) the social welfare interview; 4) the decision concerning the client's application. In short, the findings may be summarized as follows.The initial telephone conversation functions as a buffer between the social welfare officer and the applicants. During this stage in the processing of people, a 'screening' takes place. This gives the social worker a chance to make informal judgements as to whether the client should persist in seeking help and also to provide the ' client-to-be' with information concerning other ways of solving her or his financial difficulties. If the client's financial (and social) position seems to fit into some of the categories that make a person eligible for financial assistance, a slot for the client is found (i.e. this person is offered an appointment for an interview and/or provided with an application form).The application form is used to collect information about the applicant. This form, however, plays a more prominent role in the different stages than expected, since it gives a structure to many of the routines and procedures used when a client's application is being handled. This procedure may moreover be seen as a way of disciplining clients, and teaching them 'the client role' (cf. Lipsky, 1980, p. 61). When a person has filled in the necessary details on this application form, he or she has been accepted and given a client status in the further relations with the social welfare office.The social welfare interview gives the client access to the social welfare office and gives him the opportunity of providing more information about his or her financial difficulties. The conversation usually begins with a revision of the application form. In connection with this, the client often talks about the events in the past which are related to the need for financial assistance (cf. Cedersund, 1992). It is during the interview that we are able to observe how the client's financial problems are reformulated in a way that may be accepted within the social welfare organization. This transformation of 'problems' into 'cases' is made possible through the use of a typification where the clients are assigned to certain categories which are usually implicitly expressed in discourse.The decision is made by the social workers or in some cases her supervisor and/or the district board for social welfare services (Sw. : social distriktsnämnd). The decision is often given to the client in the social welfare interviews and the written decisions are mostly produced after this encounter. These written texts in most cases include a short summary of the specific details of the client's financial difficulties and needs. This summary may be similar to a later version of the client's own oral account of his or her financial difficulties given during the welfare interview. The last part of the written decisions always includes statements which show the approval (or rejection) of the client's application. The written decisions seem to be produced in order to document the processing of the applications within the office rather than as a text to be read by the clients.
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