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| 2. |
- Bengtsson, B., et al.
(author)
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Quantitative STEM microanalysis
- 1978
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In: Scandinavian journal of metallurgy. - 0371-0459 .- 1600-0692. ; 7:2, s. 57-59
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, B., et al.
(author)
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Quantitative STEM chemical analysis
- 1978
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In: Scanning electron microscopy. - AMF O'Hare, Ill : Scanning Electron Microscopy, Inc.. ; , s. 655-662
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
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| 6. |
- Easterling, K.E.
(author)
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Metallurgical applications of scanning transmission electron microscopy
- 1977
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In: Journal of Materials Science. - 0022-2461 .- 1573-4803. ; 12:5, s. 857-868
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- It is shown that scanning transmission microscopy (STEM) has followed two main lines of development, the pure STEM based upon a field emission electron source in which the emphasis is given to high resolution, and a combined system in which STEM is an attachment to a conventional transmission microscope (TEM+STEM). When used in combination with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, the combined TEM+STEM system is shown to be extremely versatile and possibly the more useful for the applied metallurgist. The high vacuum requirements of pure STEM, however, make this system suitable to be used in conjunction with an Auger spectrometer. Examples of the various microanalysis facilities of STEM are given in the article, including micro-diffraction, rocking-beam channelling patterns, qualitative and quantitative X-ray spectroscopy analysis, particle analysis, and in situ experimentation. The controversial subject of whether thicker specimens can be studied in STEM compared with conventional TEM is also discussed
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| 7. |
- Easterling, K. E., et al.
(author)
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Metallurgical case studies for engineering students
- 1973
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In: Metals and Materials. - 0026-0940. ; 7:10, s. 452-454
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The course described attempts to help engineering students adapt themselves to solving problems typically encountered in the metals industries
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| 8. |
- Easterling, K. E.
(author)
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Recent developments in quantitative electron microscopy
- 1977
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In: International Metals Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0308-4590. ; 22:1, s. 1-24
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Recent developments across the whole field of electron microscopy and associated equipment and techniques are reviewed with particular emphasis on quantitative measurements and analysis. The review is intended to cover a wide field embracing transmission, scanning, and scanning transmission microscopy as well as X-ray spectroscopy, on-line image analysis, and in situ experimentation, with the object of seeing how and to what effect quantitative electron microscopy is serving materials technology.
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| 9. |
- Easterling, K.E., et al.
(author)
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Some recent developments in powder metallurgy in Sweden
- 1979
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In: Science of Sintering. - 0350-820X. ; 11:spec, s. 105-120
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The authors concentrate on some recent scientific and technological developments in the two main areas of activity in Sweden, i.e. cemented carbides and steel powder metallurgy. They also give a few details of some interesting preliminary work on the hot isostatic pressing of silicon nitride and the development of sintered oxide containers for storing nuclear waste materials
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| 10. |
- Easterling, K.E., et al.
(author)
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The nucleation of martensite in steel
- 1976
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In: Acta Metallurgica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-6160. ; 24:4, s. 333-341
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Calculations of the total energy for transforming austenite to martensite in the form of thin ellipsoidal plates, fully coherent with the austenite, show that the process may be spontaneous in the presence of pre-existing dislocations. It is found that dislocations, or groups of dislocations, in the austenite are suitable sites for martensite nucleation in that their strain fields may interact favourably with the strain field associated with the Bain deformation thereby eliminating the energy barrier to nucleation. The driving force for twinning to occur virtually simultaneously with nucleation is large and when this happens energy is released for thickening and growth of the nucleus. It is also found that the strain energy of coherent plates of martensite, whether twinned or untwinned, is a function of their orientation in the austenite, although the lowest strain energy case occur nevertheless over a relatively wide range of orientations
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