| 1. |
- Nilsson, R. Henrik, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Mycobiome diversity: high-throughput sequencing and identification of fungi.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature reviews. Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1740-1534 .- 1740-1526. ; 17, s. 95-109
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungi are major ecological players in both terrestrial and aquatic environments by cycling organic matter and channelling nutrients across trophic levels. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) studies of fungal communities are redrawing the map of the fungal kingdom by hinting at its enormous - and largely uncharted - taxonomic and functional diversity. However, HTS approaches come with a range of pitfalls and potential biases, cautioning against unwary application and interpretation of HTS technologies and results. In this Review, we provide an overview and practical recommendations for aspects of HTS studies ranging from sampling and laboratory practices to data processing and analysis. We also discuss upcoming trends and techniques in the field and summarize recent and noteworthy results from HTS studies targeting fungal communities and guilds. Our Review highlights the need for reproducibility and public data availability in the study of fungal communities. If the associated challenges and conceptual barriers are overcome, HTS offers immense possibilities in mycology and elsewhere.
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| 2. |
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Sprickor i fasaden
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det råder på sina håll en oro och ett mörker i dagens Sverige. Några grupper ser en värld av kollapsande system och spruckna fasader, där folkvalda fattar beslut som utarmar människors trygghet och livsvillkor. Andra ser hur antide-mokratiska krafter, likt början av förra seklet, växer sig allt större och på sina håll ges legitimitet av världsledare. Somliga går så långt som att tala om en demokrati i kris, om obönhörligt växande sprickbildningar i samhällsbygget i spåren av vilka otrygghetens och rädslans landskap breder ut sig. Sprickor i fasaden knyter an till denna rådande debatt och föreställningar om samhällets tillstånd.Världen som vi en gång kände den tycks långsamt glida ur våra händer. Den välputsade fasaden spricker. Eller gör den det? Kanske skiftar samhällets palett i långt fler nyanser än mörkaste grått? Kanske spirar det rent av en värld med allt godare möjligheter för människor att leva och utvecklas? För i kontrast till bilden av samhällets rämnande grundvalar, kan också skymtas skiftningar i värdegrunden i riktning mot ökad tolerans, öppenhet och jämlikhet. Måhända är dessa skiftningar tecken på sprickor också i föreställningen om den spruck-na fasaden? Sprickor i fasaden är den 72:e forskarantologin från SOM-institutet och bygger på 2017 års nationella SOM-undersökning – den trettioandra i ordningen. Bokens innehåll knyter på många sätt an till frågan om sprickor i det svenska samhällsbygget. Flera kapitel belyser tilltagande polarisering och politisering inom (S)amhälle, (O)pinion och (M)edier. Samtidigt pekar resultaten i andra kapitel på en påtaglig stabilitet och förstärkt uppslutning kring centrala värde-ringar, samhällsfrågor och samhällsinstitutioner.Sprickor i fasaden är skriven av ett 30-tal forskare från olika discipliner vid universitet och högskolor i Sverige.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Kaline P., Furlan
(författare)
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Photonic materials for high-temperature applications: Synthesis and characterization by X-ray ptychographic tomography
- 2018
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Ingår i: Applied Materials Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-9407. ; 13, s. 359-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photonic materials for high-temperature applications need to withstand temperatures usually higher than 1000 °C, whilst keeping their function. When exposed to high temperatures, such nanostructured materials are prone to detrimental morphological changes, however the structure evolution pathway of photonic materials and its correlation with the loss of material's function is not yet fully understood. Here we use high-resolution ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (PXCT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to investigate the structural changes in mullite inverse opal photonic crystals produced by a very-low-temperature (95 °C) atomic layer deposition (ALD) super-cycle process. The 3D structural changes caused by the high-temperature exposure were quantified and associated with the distinct structural features of the ceramic photonic crystals. Other than observed in photonic crystals produced via powder colloidal suspensions or sol-gel infiltration, at high temperatures of 1400 °C we detected a mass transport direction from the nano pores to the shells. We relate these different structure evolution pathways to the presence of hollow vertexes in our ALD-based inverse opal photonic crystals. Although the periodically ordered structure is distorted after sintering, the mullite inverse opal photonic crystal presents a photonic stopgap even after heat treatment at 1400 °C for 100 h.
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| 5. |
- Li, Zhen, et al.
(författare)
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Single cell analysis of proliferation and movement of cancer and normal-like cells on nanowire array substrates
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry B. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7518 .- 2050-750X. ; 6:43, s. 7042-7049
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanowires are presently investigated in the context of various biological and medical applications. In general, these studies are population-based, which results in sub-populations being overlooked. Here, we present a single cell analysis of cell cycle and cell movement parameters of cells seeded on nanowires using digital holographic microscopy for time-lapse imaging. MCF10A normal-like human breast epithelial cells and JIMT-1 breast cancer cells were seeded on glass, flat gallium phosphide (GaP), and on vertical GaP nanowire arrays. The cells were monitored individually using digital holographic microscopy for 48 h. The data show that cell division is affected in cells seeded on flat GaP and nanowires compared to glass, with much fewer cells dividing on the former two substrates compared to the latter. However, MCF10 cells that are dividing on glass and flat GaP substrates have similar cell cycle time, suggesting that distinct cell subpopulations are affected differently by the substrates. Altogether, the data highlight the importance of performing single cell analysis to increase our understanding of the versatility of cell behavior on different substrates, which is relevant in the design of nanowire applications.
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| 6. |
- Decrop, Deborah, et al.
(författare)
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Single-step manufacturing of femtoliter microwell arrays in a novel surface energy mimicking polymer
- 2015
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Ingår i: 18th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems (IEEE TRANSDUCER 2015). - : IEEE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a novel polymer material formulation and stamp-molding technique that enable rapid single-step manufacturing of hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic microwell arrays. We developed a modified thiol-ene-epoxy polymer (mOSTE+) formulation that mimics the surface energy of its mold during polymerization. The polymer inherits the surface energy from the mold through molecular self-assembly, in which functional monomers self-assemble at the interface between the liquid prepolymer and the mold surface. Combining this novel mOSTE+ material with a stamp-molding process leads to simultaneous surface energy mimicking and micro-structuring. This method was used to manufacture microwells with hydrophilic bottom and hydrophobic sidewall, depressed in a surrounding hydrophobic surface. The microwell arrays were successfully tested for the self-assembly of 62’000 femtoliter-droplets. Such femtoliter droplet arrays are useful for, e.g., digital ELISA and single cell/molecule analysis applications.
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| 7. |
- Kustanovich, Kiryl, 1987
(författare)
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Integration of Surface Acoustic Wave and Microfluidic Technologies for Liquid-Phase Sensing Applications
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis discusses a new concept for construction of a novel SAW in-liquid sensor employing surface acoustic wave resonance (SAR) in a one-port configuration. In this concept, the reflective gratings of a one-port SAW resonator are employed as mass loading-sensing elements, while the SAW transducer is protected from the measurement environment, reducing power losses significantly. Microfluidic technologies have developed during the last decades into versatile platforms for miniaturized analytical devices. The devices are small, low cost, capable of multi-step automation resulting in fast turnaround, and allow reducing the amount of reagent and sample consumption, while maintaining a precise control over the environment. In this context, small, cheap and efficient sensors capable of in-liquid operation within microfluidic devices are in a great demand. The introduction of acoustic wave technology onto lab-on-a-chip platforms provides sensing capability that meets these criteria, and allows for an extended set of functions to be implemented, e.g., fast fluidic actuation, contact-free particle manipulation, sorting, and others. A resonant SAW sensor topology embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic analyte delivery system was fabricated and characterized. Designs with the best performance were identified, and initial measurements in a liquid environment are discussed. In comparison to a delay-line topology, the proposed one-port resonant configuration features improved sensitivity, while offering better electrical performance and smaller size, which allows for wafer-scale fabrication and facilitates integration. Following optimization, sensing performance was evaluated by means of different assays, and multiparametric sensing was demonstrated by sharing of sensor components for simultaneous SAR sensing and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in different frequency bands. This technological advancement may open pathways to new analytical instrumentation. The small sensor footprint, low energy consumption, and simple two-wire readout facilitate the integration in hand-held “lab on a chip” assay devices, the construction of sensing arrays for parallel sample processing, and the implementation of wireless data transfer schemes.
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| 8. |
- Chen, Zhe, et al.
(författare)
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Nano-scale characterization of white layer in broached Inconel 718
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials Science & Engineering A: Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing. - Amsterdam : Elsevier BV. - 0921-5093 .- 1873-4936. ; 684, s. 373-384
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The formation mechanism of white layers during broaching and their mechanical properties are not well investigated and understood to date. In the present study, multiple advanced characterization techniques with nano-scale resolution, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD), atom probe tomography (APT) as well as nano-indentation, have been used to systematically examine the microstructural evolution and corresponding mechanical properties of a surface white layer formed when broaching the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718.TEM observations showed that the broached white layer consists of nano-sized grains, mostly in the range of 20–50 nm. The crystallographic texture detected by TKD further revealed that the refined microstructure is primarily caused by strong shear deformation. Co-located Al-rich and Nb-rich fine clusters have been identified by APT, which are most likely to be γ′ and γ′′ clusters in a form of co-precipitates, where the clusters showed elongated and aligned appearance associated with the severe shearing history. The microstructural characteristics and crystallography of the broached white layer suggest that it was essentially formed by adiabatic shear localization in which the dominant metallurgical process is rotational dynamic recrystallization based on mechanically-driven subgrain rotations. The grain refinement within the white layer led to an increase of the surface nano-hardness by 14% and a reduction in elastic modulus by nearly 10% compared to that of the bulk material. This is primarily due to the greatly increased volume fraction of grain boundaries, when the grain size was reduced down to the nanoscale.
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| 9. |
- Burks, Raychelle, et al.
(författare)
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#67 Chalmers short stories
- 2019
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What´s the science behind self driving cars, hospital entry architecture and faster computers? In this episode we meet eight PhD-students presenting five minutes stories about their research projects at Chalmers University of Technology. We also talk to Dr. Raychelle Burks from St. Edwards University in Texas and Professor Lars Öhrström from Chalmers, about how they work to get science out to the society. Come along with RadioScience to a workshop on science communication, a warm and sunny day in June. We went to Gothenburg to give tips and tricks on recording and editing a podcast. In return we got eight really interesting short stories within the field of technology. In addition, Raychelle Burks reads the post ”Because she didn’t die” from her blog thirty-seven and Lars Öhrström gives us a taste from his book ”The rhubarb connection – the everyday world of metal ions” – to be published in December. This episode was a collaboration with teachers and students at the workshop on popular science communication at Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden. Producers: Lisa Beste and Natalie von der Lehr, RadioScience.se, Uppsala. Listen at: http://www.radioscience.se/forskning/67-chalmers-short-stories/
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| 10. |
- Haglund, Emanuel, 1988
(författare)
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VCSEL Cavity Engineering for High Speed Modulation and Silicon Photonics Integration
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The GaAs-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is the standard light source in today's optical interconnects, due to its energy efficiency, low cost, and high speed already at low drive currents. The latest commercial VCSELs operate at data rates of up to 28 Gb/s, but it is expected that higher speeds will be required in the near future. One important parameter for the speed is the damping of the relaxation oscillations. A higher damping is affordable at low data rates to reduce signal degradation due to overshoot and jitter, while lower damping is required to reach higher data rates. A VCSEL with the damping optimized for high data rates enabled error-free transmission at record-high data rates up to 57 Gb/s. For future interconnect links it is of interest with tighter integration between the optics and the silicon-based electronics. Techniques to heterogeneously integrate GaAs-based VCSELs on silicon could potentially enable integrated multi-wavelength VCSEL arrays, thus increasing the data rate through wavelength division multiplexing. Heterogeneous integration of GaAs-based VCSELs would also benefit applications that need short-wavelength light sources, such as photonic integrated circuits for life sciences and bio photonics. Silicon-integrated short-wavelength hybrid-cavity VCSELs with up to 2.3 mW optical output power and 12 GHz modulation bandwidth, which enables data transmission at up to 25 Gb/s, are demonstrated by employing ultra-thin adhesive bonding. Further, a vertical-cavity silicon-integrated laser (VCSIL) with in-plane waveguide emission is demonstrated by employing an intra-cavity waveguide with a weak diffraction grating that couples light from the standing wave in the vertical cavity into an in-plane waveguide.
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