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| 2. |
- Lindström, Stefan B, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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A numerical investigation of the rheology of sheared fiber suspensions
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 21:8, s. 083301-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particle-level simulations are performed to study the rheology of monodispersed non-Brownian fibers suspended in a Newtonian fluid in shear flow. The effects of fiber aspect ratio, concentration, and interparticle friction on the stress tensor of the suspension in the steady state and on the tendency of fiber agglomeration are investigated. Semiempirical expressions for the steady state apparent shear viscosity and the steady state first and second normal stress difference were obtained for the case of well dispersed suspensions in the nonconcentrated regimes. The simulation predictions of the specific viscosity were in fair agreement with previous experimental investigations.
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| 3. |
- Lindström, Stefan B, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of semidilute suspensions of non-Brownian fibres in shear flow
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 128:2, s. 024901-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Particle-level simulations are performed to study semidilute suspensions of monodispersed non-Brownian fibers in shear flow, with a Newtonian fluid medium. The incompressible three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are used to describe the motion of the medium, while fibers are modeled as chains of fiber segments, interacting with the fluid through viscous drag forces. The two-way coupling between the solids and the fluid phase is taken into account by enforcing momentum conservation. The model includes long-range and short-range hydrodynamic fiber-fiber interactions, as well as mechanical interactions. The simulations rendered the time-dependent fiber orientation distribution, whose time average was found to agree with experimental data in the literature. The viscosity and first normal stress difference was calculated from the orientation distribution using the slender body theory of Batchelor [J. Fluid Mech. 46, 813--829 (1971)], with corrections for the finite fiber aspect ratios. The viscosity was also obtained from direct computation of the shear stresses of the suspension for comparison. These two types of predictions compared well in the semidilute regime. At higher concentrations, however, a discrepancy was seen, most likely due to mechanical interactions, which are only accounted for in the direct computation method. The simulated viscosity determined directly from shear stresses was in good agreement with experimental data found in the literature. The first normal stress difference was found to be proportional to the square of the volume concentration of fibers in the semidilute regime. As concentrations approached the concentrated regime, the first normal stress difference became proportional to volume concentration.
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| 4. |
- Lindström, Stefan B, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of the motion of flexible fibres in viscous fluid flow
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physics of fluids. - : AIP Publishing. - 1070-6631 .- 1089-7666. ; 19:11, s. 113307-1-113307-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A model for flexible fibers in viscous fluid flow is proposed, and its predictions compared with experiments found in the literature. The incompressible three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are employed to describe the fluid motion, while fibers are modeled as chains of fiber segments, interacting with the fluid through viscous and dynamic drag forces. Fiber segments, from the same or from different fibers, interact with each other through normal, frictional and lubrication forces. Momentum conservation is enforced on the system to capture the two-way coupling between phases. Quantitative predictions could be made, and showed good agreement with experimental data, for the period time of Jeffery orbits in shear flow, as well as for the amount of bending of flexible fibers in shear flow. Simulations, using the proposed model, also successfully reproduced the different regimes of motion for threadlike particles, ranging from rigid fiber motion to complicated orbiting behavior, including coiling and self-entanglement.
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| 5. |
- Almgren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Role of fibre-fibre and fibre-matrix adhesion in stress transfer in composites made from resin-impregnated paper sheets.
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. - : Elsevier BV. - 0143-7496 .- 1879-0127. ; 29:5, s. 551-557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paper-reinforced plastics are gaining increased interest as packaging materials, where mechanical properties are of great importance. Strength and stress transfer in paper sheets are controlled by fibre-fibre bonds. In paper-reinforced plastics, where the sheet is impregnated with a polymer resin, other stress-transfer mechanisms may be more important. The influence of fibre-fibre bonds on the strength of paper-reinforced plastics was therefore investigated. Paper sheets with different degrees of fibre-fibre bonding were manufactured and used as reinforcement in a polymeric matrix. Image analysis tools were used to verify that the difference in the degree of fibre-fibre bonding had been preserved in the composite materials. Strength and stiffness of the composites were experimentally determined and showed no correlation to the degree of fibre-fibre bonding, in contrast to the behaviour of unimpregnated paper sheets. The degree of fibre-fibre bonding is therefore believed to have little importance in this type of material, where stress is mainly transferred through the fibre-matrix interface.
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| 6. |
- Kulachenko, Artem, et al.
(författare)
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Reinventing mechanics of fibre network
- 2008
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Ingår i: Progress in Paper Physics Seminar. - Helsinki : Helsinki University Press. ; , s. 185-193
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Lindström, Stefan B, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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A model for flexible fibres in viscous and inert fluid
- 2007
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Ingår i: 61st Appita annual conference and exhibition, Gold Coast, Australia, 6-9 May 2007, 2007 International paper physics conference, 6pp [Carlton, Australia: Appita, 2007. ; , s. 23-28, s. 23-28
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A model is proposed for simulating the motion of flexible fibres in fluid flow. Care has been taken to include typical papermaking conditions into the validity range of the model. Fibres are modelled as chains of fibre segments, whose motion is governed by Newton's second law. The fluid motion is calculated from the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. By enforcing momentum conservation, the two-way coupling between the solids and fluid phase is taken into account. Fibre-fibre interactions as well as self-interactions include normal, frictional and lubrication forces. Furthermore, the model considers nonlaminar fibre-fluid interactions and particle inertia. Simulation results were compared with experimental data found in the literature. The model predicts very well the orbit period of rigid fibre motion in shear flow. Quantitative predictions were made for the amount of bending of flexible fibres in shear flow. It was also possible to reproduce the different regimes of motion of flexible fibres in shear flow, ranging from rigid motion to coiled motion and self-entanglement.
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| 8. |
- Lindström, Stefan B, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Evolution of the paper structure along the length of a twin-wire former
- 2009
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Ingår i: ADVANCES IN PULP AND PAPER RESEARCH, OXFORD 2009, VOLS 1-3. - Bury, UK : Pulp Paper Fund. Res. Soc.. - 9780954527266 ; , s. 207-245, s. 207-245
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A particle-level numerical model is used to simulate forming with a twin-wire former configuration. The development of the paper structure along the length of the former is observed to explain the effects ofthe dewatering elements on the paper structure at different jet-to-wire speed ratios, consistencies, and target basis weights. The simulations indicate that most of the structure development takes place in the initial part of forming (forming roll) and, in some instances, at the drop to atmospheric pressure after the forming roll. Dramatic effects onthe through-thickness fibre orientation anisotropy are observed when the consistency is varied by changing the jet thickness, while changes in basis weight had less impact. The through-thickness concentration gradient was almost uniform throughout the forming process, except in the lower range of typical papermaking consistencies. This indicates that the dewatering mechanism is normally thickening, rather than filtration.
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| 9. |
- Lindström, Stefan B, 1974-
(författare)
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Modelling and simulation of paper structure development
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A numerical tool has been developed for particle-level simulations of fibre suspension flows, particularly forming of the fibre network structure of paper sheets in the paper machine. The model considers inert fibres of various equilibrium shapes, and finite stiffness, interacting with each other through normal, frictional, and lubrication forces, and with the surrounding fluid medium through hydrodynamic forces. Fibre–fluid interactions in the non-creeping flow regime are taken into account, and the two-way coupling between the solids and the fluid phases is included by enforcing momentum conservation between phases. The incompressible three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations are employed tomodel themotion of the fluid medium.The validity of the model has been tested by comparing simulation results with experimental data from the literature. It was demonstrated that the model predicts well the motion of isolated fibres in shear flow over a wide range of fibre flexibilities. It was also shown that the model predicts details of the orientation distribution of multiple, straight, rigid fibres in a sheared suspension. Furthermore, model predictions of the shear viscosity and first normal stress difference were in fair agreement with experimental data found in the literature. Since the model is based solely on first principles physics, quantitative predictions could be made without any parameter fitting. Based on these validations, a series of simulations have been performed to investigate the basic mechanisms responsible for the development of the stress tensor components for monodispersed, non-Brownian fibres suspended in a Newtonian fluid in shear flow. The effects of fibre aspect ratio, concentration, and inter-particle friction, as well as the tendency of fibre agglomeration, were examined in the nonconcentrated regimes. For the case of well dispersed suspensions, semi-empirical relationships were found between the aforementioned fibre suspension properties, and the steady state apparent shear viscosity, and the first/second normal stress differences. Finally, simulations have been conducted for the development of paper structures in the forming section of the paper machine. The conditions used for the simulations were retrieved from pilot-scale forming trial data in the literature, and from real pulp fibre analyses. Dewatering was simulated by moving two forming fabrics toward each other through a fibre suspension. Effects of the jet-to-wire speed difference on the fibre orientation anisotropy, the mass density distribution, and three-dimensionality of the fibre network, were investigated. Simulation results showed that the model captures well the essential features of the forming effects on these paper structure parameters, and also posed newquestions on the conventional wisdom of the forming mechanics.
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| 10. |
- Lindström, Stefan B, 1974-
(författare)
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Simulations of the Dynamics of Fibre Suspension Flows
- 2007
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A new model for simulating non-Brownian flexible fibres suspended in a Newtonian fluid has been developed. Special attention has been given to include realistic flow conditions found in the industrial papermaking process in the key features of the model; it is the intention of the author to employ the model in simulations of the forming section of the paper machine in future studies.The model considers inert fibres of various shapes and finite stiffness, interacting with each other through normal, frictional and lubrication forces, and with the surrounding fluid medium through hydrodynamic forces. Fibre-fluid interactions in the non-creeping flow regime are taken into account, and the two-way coupling between the solids and the fluid phase is included by enforcing momentum conservation between phases. The incompressible three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are employed to model the motion of the fluid medium.The validity of the model has been tested by comparing simulation results with experimental data from the literature. It was demonstrated that the model predicts the motion of isolated fibres in shear flow over a wide range of fibre flexibilities. It was also shown that the model predicts details of the orientation distribution of multiple straight, rigid fibres in a sheared suspension. Model predictions of the viscosity and first normal stress difference were in good agreement with experimental data found in the literature. Since the model is based solely on first-principles physics, quantitative predictions could be made without any parameter fitting.
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