| 1. |
- Hoveskog, Maya
(författare)
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Innovation-related Activities in a Low-tech Industry : A Study of the Electroplating and Surface Treatment Industry in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Research on Technology, Innovation and Marketing Management 2009‐2011. - Halmstad : Högskolan i Halmstad. - 9789197507516 ; , s. 55-81
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Given the complex and interdependent nature of innovation, it is a diverse phenomenon which takes place both in high‐ and low‐tech industries. The purpose of this paper is to increase our understanding about low‐tech industries’ innovation‐related activities and the specific capabilities of the companies that influence those. To achieve this purpose this study has performed an empirical analysis of the Swedish context of the Swedish Electroplating and Surface Treatment Industry (ESTI) and the characteristics of the companies operating in it. It investigated how the companies perceived their expertise and innovative activities in comparison with their main competitors. The main types of innovation the ESTI companieshad undertaken in a three‐year period (2004–2006) were studied. The research and development (R&D) and personnel qualification improvement expenditures were explored. The study looked into collaboration and the factors which companies perceived as important in order to collaborate. Our empirical evidence shows that innovation in the ESTI is shaped notby R&D but by other determinants, such as specific and rare capabilities in, for example, processing technologies, logistics, ability to spot, evaluate and exploit external knowledge as well as their ability to establish and sustain intercompany relationships. Strong relationships and integration with customers and suppliers emerge as pivotal for the innovation‐related activities in the ESTI. Additionally, close collaboration, facilitated by a strong intermediate institution, such as the Swedish Association of Surface Treatment Companies (Svensk YtbehandlingsFörening – SYF, also shape the innovation‐related activities in the ESTI.
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| 2. |
- Kihlman, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Cellulose Dissolution in an Alkali Based Solvent : Influence of Additives and Pretreatments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. - : SOC BRASILEIRA QUIMICA, Brazil. - 0103-5053 .- 1678-4790. ; 24:2, s. 295-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distinction between thermodynamic and kinetics in cellulose dissolution is seldom considered in the literature. Therefore, herein an attempt to discuss this topic and illustrate our hypotheses on the basis of simple experiments was made. It is well-known that cellulose can be dissolved in a aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH/H2O) solvent at low temperature but it is here shown that such an alkaline solvent can be considerably improved regarding solubility, stability and rheological properties as a whole if different additives (salts and amphiphilic molecules) are used in the dissolution stage. This work probes new aqueous routes to dissolve cellulose, thereby improving the potential to commercially dissolve cellulose in an inexpensive and environmentally friendly manner.
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| 3. |
- Syed, Hanif Uddin, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of cold and hot caustic extraction of a spruce dissolving sulfite pulp prior to final bleaching
- 2013
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Ingår i: Appita journal. - : Appita. - 1038-6807. ; 66:3, s. 229-234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A magnesium sulfite pulp producer modified its pulping process to dissolving pulping in 2011 and needed a purification stage after the digester to obtain a sufficiently low hemicellulose content. The dissolving pulp was intended for viscose production and an R-18 value of at least 95% and an intrinsic viscosity below 550 dm(3)/kg was requested. The results showed, as could be expected, a correlation between lower dissolving pulp yield and a higher degree Of purification with respect to cellulose. The R-18 values and the intrinsic viscosities of the dissolving pulps were found to increase with increasing sodium hydroxide concentration and/or higher temperature in the extraction Stage. The pulp yield was found to be higher with higher temperature for the cold caustic extraction stage (CCE); for hot caustic extraction (HQ E) the pulp yield became lower with higher temperature. The specified R-18 value was easiest to reach using hot caustic extraction.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Helene, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of molecular weight on permeability and microstructure of mixed ethyl-hydroxypropyl-cellulose films
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 48:1-2, s. 240-248
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Films of ethyl cellulose (EC) and water-soluble hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) can be used for extended release coatings in oral formulations. The permeability and microstructure of free EC/HPC films with 30% w/w HPC were studied to investigate effects of EC molecular weight. Phase separation during film spraying and subsequent HPC leaching after immersion in aqueous media cause pore formation in such films. It was found that sprayed films were porous throughout the bulk of the films after water immersion. The molecular weight affected HPC leaching, pore morphology and film permeability; increasing the molecular weight resulted in decreasing permeability. A model to distinguish the major factors contributing to diffusion retardation in porous films showed that the trend in permeability was determined predominantly by factors associated with the geometry and arrangement of pores, independent of the diffusing species. The film with the highest molecular weight did, however, show an additional contribution from pore wall/permeant interactions. In addition, rapid drying and increasing molecular weight resulted in smaller pores, which suggest that phase separation kinetics affects the final microstructure of EC/HPC films. Thus, the molecular weight influences the microstructural features of pores, which are crucial for mass transport in EC/HPC films.
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| 5. |
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Method and models used in the project Pathways to Sustainable European Energy Systems
- 2011
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This book describes the research that has been carried out during the first period (2006-2010) of the Alliance for Global Sustainability (AGS) project "Pathways to Sustainable European Energy Systems". this interdisciplinary project involves more that 40 researchers and addresses various aspects of the challenges faced in transforming the European energy system. Presented in this book are the energy-related methods and models that originate from different scientific disciplines and traditions and that were applied in the Pathways project. Some of the analytical tools are well-known, well-documented, and widely used in academic research. Others have been developed (or refined) during the Pathways project and are therefore unique. The chapters of this book cover around 30 different methods and models used in the Pathways project and presents an overview of the processes through which the research was conducted and the methods and models were co-ordinated.
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| 6. |
- Ström, Henrik, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Numerical simulations of the interaction between a settling particle and a rising microbubble
- 2012
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 1551-7616 .- 0094-243X. ; 1479:1, s. 113-116
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the current work the hydrodynamic interaction between a settling particle and a rising microbubble is investigated using numerical simulations. The simulations are performed in a multiphase direct numerical simulation (DNS) framework, indicating that all relevant spatial and temporal scales are resolved. It is shown that the method predicts that particle-bubble attachment is possible when the initial horizontal distance between their centers is small and that the particle will pass the bubble without attaching when this initial distance is large. Furthermore, it is shown that the probability of a successful attachment is lower if the bubble Eötvös and Morton numbers are significantly larger than unity.
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| 7. |
- Seisenbaeva, Gulaim, et al.
(författare)
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One-pot synthesis of mesoporous SBA-15 containing protonated 3-aminopropyl groups
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Porous Materials. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1380-2224 .- 1573-4854. ; 20, s. 1315-1321
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new technique of synthesis of mesoporous silica with protonated amino groups avoiding microwave treatment of mesophase was developed using a template method. The block-copolymer P123 was used as a template and sodium meta-silicate with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as precursors. After the removal of template from mesophase with boiling ethanol, the obtained sample displayed highly ordered hexagonal structure with attractive textural parameters: S-BET = 460 m(2) g(-1), V-total = 0.79 cm(3)g(-1) and d = 7.1 nm. FTIR and C-13 CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of alkyl ammonium groups (0.7 mmol g(-1)) that were able to attach anions of molybdophosphoric acid to the surface of the synthesized mesoporous material. The resulting anion-ion exchange phase can find applications in many areas (adsorption, catalysis, etc.).
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| 8. |
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Systems Perspectives on Biorefineries 2012
- 2012
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- Replacing fossil fuels with biomass for the production of energy carriers, materials and specialty chemicalsis a challenge that now confronts humanity. In which applications shall we use limited resourcesof biomass? How can biomass be refined into the products we want? What is an optimal design of abiorefinery? How is the most advantageous portfolio of policy instruments designed to realise the biorefineriesof the future?There is not one final answer to these questions. However, different systems studies can provide us withcomplementary pieces of the puzzle. These can be valuable by themselves, or be brought together into alarger and more complex picture. Systems perspectives on Biorefineries 2012 contains nine chapters thataddress different topics related to the immensely important issue of how the world’s biomass resourcescan, or should, be converted into the goods we need and desire. The book is far from complete, but it is acontribution and a start...
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Robert, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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THE INFLUENCE OF PARTICLE AND GASEOUS RADIATION IN OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION
- 2011
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Ingår i: The 36th International Technical Conference on Clean Coal & Fuel Systems, Clearwater USA, 5-9/6 2011.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work focuses on radiation in oxy-fired conditions. Both gas and particle radiation is modeled in an axi-symmetric cross section of a cylinder and differences between air- and oxy-firing are investigated. The particle radiation is modeled by empirical correlations accounting for spectral properties of coal particles and scattering of the particles is assumed to be isotropic. For the gas radiation, a Statistical-Narrow-Band (SNB) model is applied as reference. Included in the analysis is also a non-gray or banded formulation of the Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gases (WSGG) model and grey approximations. The investigated cases cover both air-and oxy-fired conditions and the properties of the combustion gas are based on measured data from a lignite flame in Chalmers 100 kW rig. Wall fluxes and the radiative source term along the cylinder diameter are compared to evaluate differences in the radiative heat transfer between air- and oxy-fuel combustion. Special emphasis is put on the load and distribution of particles, with both in-flame conditions as well as furnace exit conditions being examined. The different approximations for gaseous radiation are evaluated to quantify the errors they result in when they are applied in conditions with a high particle load.
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| 10. |
- Jönsson, Johanna, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing the Potential for CCS within the European Pulp and Paper Industry
- 2010
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 23nd Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS). ; , s. 676-683
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper an approach for analysing the potential for implementation of different technology pathways for the European pulp and paper industry (PPI) is presented. The approach assumes previous, detailed, research and is based on bottom-up thinking whilst still estimating the potential on a European level. The usefulness of the approach is exemplified by applying it to a study of the potential for introduction of carbon capture and storage (CCS) within the European PPI. The results from the case study show that if CCS is to be introduced in large scale within the European PPI, biomass-based emissions must be included when planning for the future CCS infrastructure.
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